Essentials of Exercise Physiology, 4th Edition

714 Pages·2010·51.53 MB·English

by  William D. McArdle

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Essentials of Exercise Physiology
F O U R T H E D I T I O N
Victor L. Katch (Ann Arbor, MI)
Professor, Department of Movement Science
School of Kinesiology
Associate Professor, Pediatrics
School of Medicine
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
William D. McArdle (Sound Beach, NY)
Professor Emeritus, Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Science
Queens College of the City University of New York
Flushing, New York
Frank I. Katch (Santa Barbara, CA)
International Research Scholar, Faculty of Health and Sport
Agder University College
Kristiansand, Norway
Instructor and Board Member
Certificate Program in Fitness Instructio
UCLA Extension, Los Angeles, CA
Former Professor and Chair of Exercise Science
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts
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Marketing Manager:Christen Murphy
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Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business
351 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street
Baltimore, MD 21201 Philadelphia, PA 19103
Printed in China
First Edition, 1994
Second Edition, 2000
Third Edition, 2006
Unless otherwise indicated, all photographs are Copyright © Fitness Technologies Press, Frank I. Katch, and Victor L. Katch, 5043
Via Lara Lane, Santa Barbara, CA, 93111. This material is protected by copyright. No photograph may be reproduced in any form ro
by any means without permission from the copyright holders.
Appendix B Copyright © 1991, 1999, 2010 by Fitness Technologies, Inc. 5043 Via Lara Lane, Santa Barbara, CA, 93111. This
material is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced in any manner or by any means without written permission form
the copyright holder.
Appendices C and D Copyright © 1991, 1999, 2010 by William D. McArdle, Frank L. Katch, Victor L. Katch and Fitness
Technologies, Inc. This material is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced in any manner or by any means withuot
written permission from the copyright holder.
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means,n icluding
photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner.
The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence, or otherwise) for any injury resulting from an ymaterial
contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general principles of medical care that should not be consrtued as
specific instructions for individual patients. Manufacturers’ product information and package inserts should be reviewed for curent
information, including contraindications, dosages, and precautions.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Katch, Victor L.
Essentials of exercise physiology / Victor L. Katch, William D. McArdle, Frank I. Katch.— 4th ed.
p. ; cm.
William D. McArdle is first named author on previous edition
Abridgement of: Exercise physiology / William D. McArdle, Frank I. Katch, Victor L. Katch. 7th ed. c2010.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “This is a textbook for undergraduate Exercise Physiology courses”—Provided by publisher.
Summary: “The fourth edition of Essentials of Exercise Physiology represents a compact version of the seventh edition of Exercsie
Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance, ideally suited for an undergraduate l introductory course in exercise
physiology”—Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-60831-267-2 (alk. paper)
1. Exercise—Physiological aspects. I. McArdle, William D. II. Katch, Frank I. III. McArdle, William D. Exercise physiology.
IV. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Exercise—physiology. 2. Physical Fitness—physiology. 3. Sports Medicine. QT 260]
QP301.M1149 2011
612'.044—dc22
2010031304
The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright holders for borrowed material. If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they
will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity
To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at( 800) 638-3030or fax orders to [phone].
International customers should call [phone].
Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service represen-
tatives are available from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST.
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D E D I C A T I O N
To Heather, Erika, Leslie, Jesse, Ryan, and Cameron: you light up my life.
— Victor L. Katch
To my grandchildren, Liam, Aiden, Quinn, Dylan, Kelly Rose, Owen, Henry,
Kathleen (Kate), Grace, Elizabeth, Claire, and Elise. Keep your eye on the ball,
your skis together, and go for the gold. All my love, Grandpa; and to Guido F. Foglia,
my mentor, my “brother,” and my unbelievably good and loyal friend.
— Bill McArdle
To my beautiful wife Kerry, who has been there for me from the beginning,
and our great children, David, Kevin, and Ellen.
— Frank I. Katch
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Preface
The fourth edition of Essentials of Exercise Physiology represents an updated,
compact version of the seventh edition ofE xercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy,
and Human Performance , ideally suited for an undergraduate introductory
course in exercise physiology or health-related science. Essentials of Exercise
Physiologymaintains many of the features that have made Exercise Physiology:
Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance, a leading textbook in the field sinc
1981 and the First Prize winner in medicine of the British Medical Association’s
2002 Medical Book Competition. This Essentialstext continues the same strong
pedagogy, writing style, and graphics and flow charts of prior editions, wit
considerable added materials.
In preparing this edition, we incorporated feedback from students and fac-
ulty from a wide range of interests and disciplines. We are encouraged that all
reviewers continue to embrace the major theme of the book: “understanding
interrelationships among energy intake, energy transfer during exercise, and
the physiologic systems that support that energy transfer.”
ORGANIZATION
We have rearranged material within and among chapters to make the informa-
tion flow more logically. To improve readability, we have combined topic head
ings, incorporated common materials, and rearranged other materials necessary
for an essentials text. This restructuring now makes it easier to cover most of
the chapters in a one-semester course and adapt materials to diverse disciplines.
Section I, “Introduction to Exercise Physiology,” introduces the historical
roots of exercise physiology and discusses professional aspects of exercise
physiology and the interrelationship between exercise physiology and sports
medicine.
Section II, “Nutrition and Energy,” consists of three chapters and empha-
sizes the interrelationship between food energy and optimal nutrition for exer-
cise. A critical discussion includes the alleged benefits of commonly promote
nutritional (and pharmacologic) aids to enhance performance.
Section III, “Energy Transfer,” has four chapters that focus on energy metab-
olism and how energy transfers from stored nutrients to muscle cells to pro-
duce movement during rest and various physical activities. We also include a
discussion of the measurement and evaluation of the different capacities for
human energy transfer.
Section IV, “The Physiologic Support Systems,” contains four chapters that
deal with the major physiologic systems (pulmonary, cardiovascular, neuro-
muscular, and endocrine) that interact to support the body’s response to acute
and chronic physical activity and exercise.
Section V, “Exercise Training and Adaptations,” includes three chapters that
describe application of the scientific principles of exercise training, includin
the highly specific functional and structural adaptation responses to chroni
exercise overload. We discuss the body’s response to resistance training and the
iv
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Preface v
effects of different environmental challenges on energy transfer and exercise
performance. We also critique the purported performance-enhancing effects of
various “physiologic” agents.
Section VI, “Optimizing Body Composition, Successful Aging, and Health-
Related Physical Activity Benefits, contains three chapters that feature health-
related aspects of regular physical activity. We include a discussion of body
composition assessment; the important role physical activity plays in weight
control, successful aging, and disease prevention; and clinical aspects of exer-
cise physiology.
WORKBOOK FORMAT
The Questions & Notes workbook sections remain integrated into each chapter.
This pedagogical element encourages students to answer different questions
about what they read. This concurrent active reading/learning element enhances
student understanding of text material to a greater extent than simply reading
and underlining the content on the page.
Highlights of New and
Expanded Content
The following points highlight new and expanded content of the fourth edition
of Essentials of Exercise Physiology:
● Each section has undergone a major revision, incorporating the most re-
cent research and information about the topic.
● We have included new emerging topics within each chapter based on
current research.
● We include updated selected references at the end of every chapter.
● Where applicable, we include relevant Internet websites related to exer-
cise physiology.
● We include additional For Your Informationboxes and have added new
and updated material to theClose Up boxes.
● The full-color art program continues to be a stellar feature of the text-
book. We have updated and expanded the art program and tables to
maintain consistent with the 2010 seventh edition of Exercise Physiology:
Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance.
Special Features
● Close Up Boxes.This popular feature focuses on timely and important
exercise, sport, and clinical topics in exercise physiology that relate to
chapter content. Many of the boxes present practical applications to re-
lated topics of interest. This material, often showcased in a step-by-step,
illustrated format, provides relevance to the practice of exercise physiol-
ogy. Some Close Up boxes contain self-assessment or laboratory-type
activities.
● For Your Information Boxes.These boxes throughout the text highlight
key information about different exercise physiology areas. We designed
these boxes to help bring topics to life and make them relevant to stu-
dent learning.
● Thought Questions.Thought Questions at the end of each chapter sec-
tion summary encourage integrative, critical thinking to help students
apply information from the chapter. The instructor can use these ques-
tions to stimulate class discussion about chapter content and application
of material to practical situations.
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vi Preface
● Questions & Notes.This feature facilitates student learning by focusing
on specific questions related to important material presented in the text
● Appendices.Useful current information is at the student’s fingertips
Appendix A: The Metric System and Conversion Constants in Exercise
Physiology
Appendix B: Metabolic Computations in Open-Circuit Spirometry
Appendix C: Evaluation of Body Composition—Girth Method
Appendix D: Evaluation of Body Composition—Skinfold Method
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User’s Guide
Essentials of Exercise Physiology, 4th edition, was created and developed as a
compact version of the popular Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and
Human Performance, 7th edition. This comprehensive package integrates the
basic concepts and relevant scientific information to understand nutrition
energy transfer, and exercise training. Please take a few moments to look
through this User’s Guide, which will introduce you to the tools and features
that will enhance your learning experience.
Chapter Objectivesopen each chapter and
present learning goals to help you focus on
and retain the crucial topics discussed in
each chapter.
Questions & Notes, located in the
margin of the odd-numbered pages,
enhance your understanding of text
material by using an integrated workbook
format that presents questions to help
drive home key topics and provide a place
to take notes and jot down questions.
For Your Information Boxeshighlight
key information about different exercise
physiology areas and help bring topics
to life, making them exciting and
relevant for all readers.
vii
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viii User’s Guide
Beautiful Illustrationsthroughout the
text help to draw attention to important
concepts in a visually stimulating and
intriguing manner. Detailed, full-color
drawings and photographs amplify and
clarify the text and are particularly helpful
for visual learners.
Close Up Boxesexplore real-life cases
and practical applications of exercise
physiology applied to elite athletes and
average people.