Essentials of Cross-Cultural Counseling PDF
Preview Essentials of Cross-Cultural Counseling
Copyright © 2012 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, FOR INFORMATION: electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval SAGE Publications, Inc. system, without permission in writing from the 2455 Teller Road publisher. Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. Printed in the United States of America. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data London, EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom Essentials of cross-cultural counseling / editors, Lawrence H. Gerstein ... [et al.]. SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. p. cm. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Includes bibliographical references and index. Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 ISBN 978-1-4129-9950-2 (pbk. : acid-free paper) India 1. Cross-cultural counseling. SAGE Publications Asia-Pacifi c Pte. Ltd. I. Gerstein, Lawrence H. 33 Pekin Street #02-01 BF636.7.C76E87 2012 Far East Square Singapore 048763 361’.06--dc23 2011025832 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 11 12 13 14 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisitions Editor: Kassie Graves Editorial Assistant: Courtney Munz Production Editor: Eric Garner Typesetter: Hurix Systems Pvt. Ltd. Proofreader: Susan Schon Indexer: Rick Hurd Cover Designer: Bryan Fishman Marketing Manager: Katharine Winter Permissions Editor: Adele Hutchinson Contents Acknowledgments vii 1. Cross-Cultural Counseling: History, Challenges, and Rationale 1 Lawrence H. Gerstein, P. Paul Heppner, Stefanía Ægisdóttir, Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, and Kathryn L. Norsworthy 2. The Intersection of Multicultural and Cross-National Movements in the United States: A Complementary Role to Promote Culturally Sensitive Research, Training, and Practice 47 P. Paul Heppner, Stefanía Ægisdóttir, Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, Changming Duan, Janet E. Helms, Lawrence H. Gerstein, and Paul B. Pedersen 3. The Counseling Profession In- and Outside the United States 79 Lawrence H. Gerstein, P. Paul Heppner, Rex Stockton, Frederick T. L. Leong, and Stefanía Ægisdóttir 4. Exportation of U.S.-Based Models of Counseling and Counseling Psychology: A Critical Analysis 103 Kathryn L. Norsworthy, P. Paul Heppner, Stefanía Ægisdóttir, Lawrence H. Gerstein, and Paul B. Pedersen 5. Theoretical and Methodological Issues When Studying Culture 133 Stefanía Ægisdóttir, Lawrence H. Gerstein, Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, Kwong-Liem Karl Kwan, and Walter J. Lonner 6. Internationalization of the Counseling Profession: An Indigenous Perspective 165 Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, Thomas Clawson, Kathryn L. Norsworthy, Antonio Tena, Andreea Szilagyi, and Jennifer Rogers 7. Crossing Borders in Collaboration 185 Kathryn L. Norsworthy, Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, P. Paul Heppner, and Li-fei Wang 8. Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies and Yuan-Fen 207 Li-fei Wang and P. Paul Heppner 9. A Global Vision for the Future of Cross-Cultural Counseling: Theory, Collaboration, Research, and Training 227 Lawrence H. Gerstein, P. Paul Heppner, Stefanía Ægisdóttir, Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, and Kathryn L. Norsworthy Index 251 About the Editors 263 About the Contributors 267 Acknowledgments We are extremely grateful to our spouses and partners (Annie, Dawa Lhamo, Deena, Dennis Lee, Mary), children (Guðný, Arnbergur, Lilja, Ellen, Eric, Erica, Timothy, and Grace), grandchildren (Tenzin Choedon, Mikael, Haidyn, and Kane), and other family members for the great support and understanding we received throughout the process of completing this book. We also want to deeply thank our Acquisitions Editor, Kassie Graves, at Sage Publications for encouraging us to write this book. Once again, you provided us with excellent direction, wisdom, sup- port, and resources to make this project possible. Additionally, we want to express our appreciation to all the other staff at Sage Publications especially Courtney Munz and Eric Garner that were involved in the production of this book. Finally, we are grateful to Dennis Lee for the creation of the magnificent artwork that appears on the cover of this book. vii Chapter One Cross-Cultural Counseling History, Challenges, and Rationale Lawrence H. Gerstein, P. Paul Heppner, Stefanía Ægisdóttir, Seung-Ming Alvin Leung, and Kathryn L. Norsworthy Global economics, foreign and domestic policies, and technological advances have contributed to the emergence of a worldwide system of countries and cultures all mutually affecting one another. Larger, more powerful nations have significant influence on the daily lives of citizens of smaller ones (Friedman, 2000), while smaller, less powerful nations have the potential for global influence through advanced communication and computer technologies (Friedman, 2005). From another perspective, mod- ern physics has demonstrated that we are all interconnected (Bohm, 1980), leading some scholars to suggest that this perspective is even relevant to counseling (Bozarth, 1985; Gerstein & Bennett, 1999; Lucas, 1985). When electrons move in one area of space, others change position, even though the links are not readily visible. Furthermore, events happening in one loca- tion can simultaneously occur in another location. While the world gets smaller and we become more aware of our inter- connectedness, the global population continues to exponentially increase. Issues such as poverty, substandard living conditions, malnutrition, human rights abuses, illiteracy, and environmental pollution have risen dramati- cally (United Nations Population Division, 2007). Human migration and immigration connected to political oppression, economics, poverty, and the need for employment bring challenges for everyone involved. Obviously, ethno-political conflict, war, natural and human disasters, and situations 1
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