Essentials of Chinese Medicine PDF
Preview Essentials of Chinese Medicine
Essentials of Chinese Medicine Zhanwen Liu Editor Liang Liu Associate Editor Warner Fan English Consultant Shiping Zhang Associate English Consultant EditorialTeam BaixiaoZhao ChunguangXie CunkuChang HaihongZhu HongyiHu KuiWang LanzhengLi SongpingLuo YuxiangZhai ZhaoxiangBian Essentials of Chinese Medicine Volume 2 Clinical Fundamentals in Chinese Medicine 123 Editor AssociateEditor ZhanwenLiu LiangLiu Dept.HealthPreservation&Rehab SchoolofChineseMedicine BeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine HongKongBaptistUniversity 11BeisanhuanEastRoad KowloonTong Chaoyang100029,Beijing Kowloon PRChina HongKong/PRChina [email protected] [email protected] ISBN978-1-84882-592-5 e-ISBN978-1-84882-593-2 DOI10.1007/978-1-84882-593-2 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009926514 (cid:2)cSpringer-VerlagLondonLimited2009 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,thispublicationmayonlybereproduced, storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withthepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublish- ers,orinthecaseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicensesissuedbythe CopyrightLicensingAgency.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethosetermsshouldbesentto thepublishers. Theuseofregisterednames,trademarks,etc.,inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofa specificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantlawsandregulationsandthereforefree forgeneraluse. Thepublishermakesnorepresentation,expressorimplied,withregardtotheaccuracyoftheinformation containedinthisbookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsoromissions thatmaybemade. Coverdesign:eStudioCalamarS.L. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword TheEssentialsofChineseMedicineisatextbookintendedforinternationalstudents whowishtogainabasicunderstandingofChineseMedicine(CM)attheuniversity level.TheideaofwritingsuchatextwasoriginatedfromtheSino-AmericanCon- sortiumfortheAdvancementofChineseMedicine(SACACM),whichwasfounded inFebruary2000.In1995,theBritishHongKongAdministrationsetupaPrepara- tory Committee for the Development of Chinese Medicine to look into ways of bringing Chinese medical practice and herbal trade under proper control and reg- ulation. After the reunification of Hong Kong with mainland China in 1997, the GovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioncontinuedtheefforts toupliftthepracticeofCMtoafullyprofessionallevelthroughlegislation. To help bring up a new generation of professionalCM practitioners, the Hong KongBaptistUniversity(HKBU)obtainedapprovalfromtheGovernment’suniver- sityfundingauthoritytodevelopaSchoolofChineseMedicinetopreparestudents who will meet the future professional requirements through public examinations. In order to establish itself quickly as a rigorous provider of university level CM education,HKBUsoughtalliancewitheightmajorCMuniversitiesintheChinese Mainland,andoneUSuniversitywhichwasinterestedindevelopingCMeducation within its medical college. As a result, the Consortium known as SACACM was formed,withtenfoundinginstitutionsfromBeijing,Shanghai,Nanjing,Shandong, Guangzhou,Chengdu,Heilongjiang,HongKong,andtheUnitedStates.(TheUni- versityofMacauandthe MacaoUniversityofScienceandTechnologyjoinedthe Consortium2yearslater.) One ofthefirst projectsthe Consortiumdecidedto pursuewasthe writingofa highqualityCMtextbookinEnglishtobeendorsedbythememberinstitutionsas the foundationfor the study of traditionalChinese medicine. The Beijing Univer- sityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,beingoneoftheoldestandbetterdeveloped institutions in the field, was nominated to be the coordinating university for the project,withtheactiveassistanceoftheStateAdministrationofTraditionalChinese Medicine of China (SATCM). The initial fundingfor the projectwas providedby theHongKongBaptistUniversityandthe OhioUniversityoftheUSA. An edito- rialcommitteewasformedtodecideonthegeneralcoverageandlevelofthetext, andeachofthememberuniversitiesofCMwererequestedtonominatetheirsenior professorstowritetheassignedchaptersaccordingtotheirfieldsofspecialty.These v vi Foreword authorswere to preparetheir scripts in both Chinese and Englishwith the helpof the Editor. After the English version of the text was checked against the Chinese versionforaccuracyandconsistency,itwassenttoanexpertwhoiswellversedin bothChineseandWesternMedicineandatthesametimefluentinboththeChinese andEnglishlanguagesatthemothertonguelevel.Theexpertwasinvitedtogoover theentiretextlinebyline tomakesure thatboththelanguagestyle andtheterms usedareunderstoodbytheinternationalstudentswhosenativelanguageisEnglish. Theabovestepslookedinnocentenough,buttheexecutionoftheentireprocess wasextremelytime consumingand tedious.Ithasalso provento be a verymean- ingful, if not “ground-breaking,”move which makes the text truly different from publicationsofsimilarnature.Iamhappythatafter9yearsofhardworkandperse- verancethistextisfinallyreadyforthepress.Idohopethatwhenitcomesout,it willprovetobeasignificantcontributiontotheeducationofCMinternationally. FoundingChair,SACACM DanielC.W.Tse February2009 Preface “Healthforall”isstillanimportanttaskfortheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO) toaccomplishinthetwenty-firstcenturyTheaccomplishmentofthistaskrequires mutualcooperationandcommoneffortsofvariousmedicalsciences,whichincludes Chinese medicine. WHO has increasingly emphasized the development of tradi- tional medicine and has made great efforts to promote its development. Because traditionalmedicine is deeply rooted in history and culture, it is part of the tradi- tionsofa countryand employshealingpracticeshandeddownfromgenerationto generation. Large portionsof the populationin a number of developingcountries still rely mainly on traditional practitioners, including traditional birth attendants, herbal- ists,andbone-setters,andlocalmedicinalplantstosatisfytheirprimaryhealthcare needs. Although modern medicine is now available in many countries, traditional medicinehasmaintaineditspopularitybecauseofitshistoricalandculturalimpact. Peoplebelieveinit,anditisstilleffectiveagainstmanycommondiseases,hasfew sideeffects,andiseconomicallypreferabletomodernmedicine. Nowadays,themodernmedicalmodelischangingItis graduallyshiftingfrom its original medical model of biomedicine into a physiological–psychological– sociological–medical model, which emphasizes that the people the natural envi- ronment,ecologicalconditionsandsociety areallaspectsofa unitedwhole.With thetransformationintothenewmedicalmodel,alternativemedicineandtherapies are developing very rapidly. The study of Chinese Medicine (CM) in the west is both timely and challenging. It is timely because of public demand for tra- ditional medicines to be provided by safe, efficient and competent practitioners. It is challenging because of the greater demand for science-based treatment and evidence-based practice. These perspectives suggest that the integration of ortho- dox medicine with complementary or alternative medicine is a historical trend in theworldmedicalscene.Therefore,theroleofCMinmedicaltreatmentandhealth- carewill certainlybecomeevenmoreimportantin theworld medicalscenein the twenty-firstcentury. CM is an integralpartof Chineseculture.Overthe centuries,variousactivities andaspectsofthepracticeofCMhavemadetremendouscontributionstothepros- perity of the Chinese nation. Its good reputation resulted from its great vitality is vii viii Preface demonstrated by the fact that when compared with other traditional medicine its clinicalapplicationhasneverdeclinedoverthepastseveralthousandyears. CM appears to have a bright future in the world There appears to be a grow- ingrelianceonitbypeopleeverywhere.Thisseemstobe anirresistible historical trend.WorkingtogethertodevelopCMwillnotonlybeinlinewiththedeveloping trendintheworld,butalsowillfundamentallysolveexistingproblemsandincrease competitiveadvantages.Collaborationamong universitieswill benefit culturalex- change,theblendingoftheEastandtheWest,andtheglobaldevelopmentofCM. However,muchworkneedstobedoneinordertomeetthehealthrequirementsof humanbeingsandtopromotethe courseof internationalizationof CM, especially the compilationof textbookssuitable for medicalstudents in western countriesin additiontointernationalreaders. With the encouragement of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineofChina,thecompilationofthistextbookserieswasinitiatedbytheSino- AmericanConsortiumfortheAdvancementofChineseMedicinewhichwasmade up of the Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, Beijing University of CM, Chengdu UniversityofTCM,ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,GuangzhouUni- versityof TCM, HeilongjiangUniversityofTCM, HongKongBaptist University, NanjingUniversityofTCM, ShandongUniversityofTCM, andShanghaiUniver- sityofTCM,TheBeijingUniversityofCMwastheleadinstitutionofthisproject. Itgatheredexpertsfromthememberinstitutionstocompiletheseriesandtranslate it into English which is now known as Essentials of Chinese Medicine. This text- bookseriescontainsthreevolumes:Volume1FoundationsofChinese Medicine; Volume2,ClinicalFundamentalsinChineseMedicine;andVolume3Essentials oftheClinicalSpecialtiesinChineseMedicine.Thesevolumessystematicallyin- troduce the basic theories, the diagnostic methods, the therapeutic methods based onsymptomdifferentiation,andtheknowledgeofprinciplesofhealthpreservation andrehabilitation.Theyexplainthebasicmethodsandtheoriesofacupunctureand moxibustion,aswellasexpoundingupon154kindsofChineseherbs;eachChinese medicinalherbisillustrated.Thetextbooksalsointroduce84Chineseherbalformu- lasand11associatedformulascommonlyusedinclinicalpractice.Furthermore,it elucidatestreatmentsofcommonlyandfrequentlyencountereddiseasesininternal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics,ophthalmologyandotorhinolaryngology. In the arrangementof contentsand compilation, the followingfeaturescharac- terizethistextbookseries: 1.EmphasisonthebasicknowledgeofCM Medicalstudentswhowant to learn CM, especially studentsin westerncountries, need to adapt CM to Western medical terms and conditions, but this adaptation can only take place on the solid foundation of the theories of CM. There can be no mastery of CM without a true understanding of the theories and prac- tice of CM. The first volume introduces the terminology and methodology of Chinese medicine in order to improve the critical thinking of medical students Preface ix andpractitioners.Italso containsa detailed explanationof the basic theories. The second volume covers the fundamentals of clinical practice. The more solid the foundation is, the easier it will be to have a better understanding and mastery ofCM 2.Conciseandsystematiccontent On the basis of developmentsof CM in education and research in the past, great effortshavebeenmadetohighlighttheessenceofCMthroughaccurateexposition and to introduce them to the world. These textbooks systematically introduce the basictheories,diagnosticmethods,acupunctureskills,knowledgeofChineseherbs, knowledgeofformulas,aswellasclinicalapplication.Masteryofthesetextbooks willlayafoundationforthefurtherstudyofCM. 3.Suitabilityforteachingandself-study Inthistextbookseries,attheendofmostchaptersguidanceisprovidedontheaims of study, the objectivesof study and exercises for review. The structure combines thefeaturesoftextbooksandmodularhandbooks.Therefore,itishighlysuitablefor self-studybymedicalstudents. 4.Reinforcingeffectsofillustrations To facilitate the understandingof CM, the textbook series contains many illustra- tions. There are black and white photographs, line graphs, tables in the text with necessaryindexes,colorphotographsofthe tongue,andcolorphotographsof151 Chineseherbs.TheseillustrationsprovideabetterappreciationofCMandpromote itslearning. 5.Casestudies InVolume3andPartIIIofVolume2eachsectioncontainsasuccessfulcasestudy. ThesecasestudiesenhancetheunderstandingofCM. 6.Standardization Thistextbookseriesisreasonableinstructureanddistinctincategorization.Mostof thetechnicaltermsofCMhavebeenstandardizedintranslationwithanindexglos- sary.Simultaneously,habitualtermsusedincountriesusingEnglishasthemother tonguehavebeenconsideredinthetranslationandcompilation. x Preface In order to ensure academic standards and an accurate English translation of thistextbookseries, weinvitedinternationalexpertsoftheCM professionandthe EnglishlanguagetoreviewandrevisetheEnglishtranslation. ProfessorZhengSouzeng,theformerPresidentofBeijingUniversityofChinese Medicine,wastheDirectoroftheCompilationBoard.Dr.WarnerFanoftheUnited StatesistheEnglishConsultantwhohasgonethroughthewholetexttoensurethe languageconsistencythroughoutthetext. International advisors invited include Ryan Thompson from Canada, Ioannis Solos from Greece and Georgia Ross from the United States of America. They and others have given much help in the compilation of this series of books. We aregratefultothemforveryusefulsuggestionsandrevisions. NoteonConventions Used intheText Several conventions of usage have been adopted in the English version of this textbook,andareintendedtomakethestudents’taskeasier. A number of concepts in traditional Chinese medicine cannot be adequately translated. The terms representing them are therefore presented in transliteration, usingthePinyinsystem.Wherethetermisalreadyincommonusagebutinthistext are usedas technicalterms,theyare capitalized.ExamplesincludeQi, Yin, Yang, theFiveElements(Metal,Wood,Water,Fire,Earth),thesixexogenouspathogenic evil (Wind, Heat or Summer Heat, Cold, Phlegm, Dampness, Fire) and their en- dogenouscounterparts,alltheacupoints,thefourLevels(Defensive,Qi,Nutritive, andBlood),etc.Wherethereisnoriskofconfusionbetweenordinaryandtechni- cal usage, they are not capitalized. Examples include the zang and fu organs, the sanjiao,etc. InthediscussionofCMmateriamedica,allmaterialsarereferredtoas“herbs,” even though many are derived from animal or mineral sources. This is the time- honored approach, as comparable medieval European books are often entitled “Herbals.”IntraditionalCM, herbsareseldom prescribedalone.A prescriptionis referredtohereasa“formula.” In addition, the name of each formula is given as one word, in pinyin translit- eration of the Chinese name. In Chapter 7 of volume 2, which contains the main descriptions of the herbs, each entry is headed by the name of the herb in pinyin with its botanical name in brackets. The first line then gives the actual Chinese nameincharactersandtheherb’spharmaceuticalname(inLatin).Whenanherbis mentionedinthetextelsewhere,atitsfirstappearanceitisfollowedinbracketsby itsgenusnameifitisdescribedinChapter7ofvolume2orbyitsbotanicalname, bothgenusandspecies,ifitisnot.Itishopedthatdoingsowillmakeiteasierfor thestudentwhochoosestolookitupintheAppendixIII:HerbsorinChapter7of volume2.Whentheherbismentionedagaininthesamepassage,onlythenamein pinyinisgiven.
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