Essentials of Audiology Fourth Edition Stanley A. Gelfand, PhD Professor Department of Linguistics and Communication Disorders Queens College of The City University of New York Flushing, New York PhD Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences and AuD Program Graduate Center of The City University of New York New York, New York 290 illustrations Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Executive Editor: Anne Sydor Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing Managing Editor: Elizabeth Palumbo continual development. Research and clinical experience are con- Director, Editorial Services: Mary Jo Casey tinually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of Editorial Assistant: Natascha Morris proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions Production Editor: Kenneth L. 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Scanlan turers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by Names: Gelfand, Stanley A., 1948- , author. the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present Title: Essentials of audiology / Stanley A. Gelfand. book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that Description: Fourth edition. | New York : Thieme, [2016] | are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Includes bibliographical references and index. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entire- Identifiers: LCCN 2015041466| ISBN 9781604068610 (hardback : ly at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and pub- alk. paper) | ISBN 9781604068627 (e-book) lishers request every user to report to the publishers any discre- Subjects: | MESH: Audiology. pancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found Classification: LCC RF290 | NLM WV 270 | DDC 617.8—dc23 after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015041466 product description page. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprie- tary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without de- signation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. © 2016 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, To Janice In loving memory Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................ ix 1 Acoustics and Sound Measurement .............................................................................................................................1 2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System ................................................................................................. 30 3 Measurement Principles and the Nature of Hearing ............................................................................................ 70 4 The Audiometer and Test Environment ................................................................................................................... 91 5 Pure Tone Audiometry ................................................................................................................................................108 6 Auditory System and Related Disorders ................................................................................................................136 7 Acoustic Immittance Assessment ............................................................................................................................182 8 Speech Audiometry ......................................................................................................................................................215 9 Clinical Masking ............................................................................................................................................................248 10 Behavioral Tests for Audiological Diagnosis ..........................................................................................................273 11 Physiological Methods in Audiology .......................................................................................................................302 12 Assessment of Infants and Children ........................................................................................................................329 13 Audiological Screening ................................................................................................................................................348 14 Nonorganic Hearing Loss ............................................................................................................................................372 15 Audiological Management I .......................................................................................................................................390 16 Audiological Management II......................................................................................................................................406 17 Efects of Noise and Hearing Conservation ...........................................................................................................456 Appendixes .....................................................................................................................................................................497 Subject Index .................................................................................................................................................................513 Author Index ..................................................................................................................................................................527 vii