Essential Java 3d Fast

285 Pages·2001·20.878 MB·English

by  Ian Palmer

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Ian Palmer
Essential
Java3Dfast
Developing 3D Graphics
Applications in Java
Springer
Ian Palmer, BSc, MSc, DPhil
EIMC, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 lDP
Series Editor
John Cowell, BSc (Hons), MPhil, PhD
Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, The Gateway,
Leicester LEI 9BH
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Palmer, 1. C. (Ian C.)
Essential Java 3D fast: developing 3D graphics applications
in Java. - (Essentials)
1. Java (Computer program language) 2. Computer graphics
1. Title
006.6'93
ISBN 1852333944
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Palmer, Ian, 1966-
Essential Java3D fast/Ian Palmer.
p. cm. - (Essential series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-85233-394-4 (aile paper)
1. Java (~omputer'Program language 2. Computer graphics.
1. Title. II. EssentihLseries (Springer-Verlag)
QA76.73.J38 P34 2001
006.6'633-dc21 00-052660
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be
reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing
of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms
should be sent to the publishers.
ISBN 1-85233-394-4 Springer-Verlag London Berlin Heidelberg
A member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH
http://www.springer.co. uk
© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2001
The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of
a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore
free for general use.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the
information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any
errors or omissions that may be made.
Typesetting: Camera-ready by author
Printed and bound at The Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wiltshire
34/3830-543210 Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10784923
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ..........•..••......••................... 1
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 2
What is Java 3D?............................................................................................................ 2
Running Java 3D programs ........................................................................................... 3
How to use this book ..................................................................................................... 3
2. OUR FIRST JAVA 3D PROGRAM ................ 5
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 6
The Scene Graph............................................................................................................. 6
The View Branch............................................................................................................. 7
The Content Branch ....................................................................................................... 9
The Simple World Program............................................................................................. 9
Summary......................................................................................................................... 15
3. CREATING SBA.PES.................................... 17
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 18
Geometric primitives in the utility library.................................................................... 18
Geometry arrays............................................................................................................. 21
Using the QuadArray class............................................................................ 21
The IndexedQuadArray: defining quads..................................................... 24
Using triangles: the IndexedTriangleArray ................................................. 26
Loading pre-made geometric models.......................................................................... 27
The Wavefront Object (or 'OBJ') loader....................................................... 28
Loading entire scenes of objects using the Lightwave3D loader ............. 33
Summary......................................................................................................................... 35
4. LIGHTING AND APPEARANCE ....•.............. 37
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 38
The lighting model......................................................................................................... 38
Surfaces.......................................................................................................... 38
Lights.............................................................................................................. 39
The lighting equation ................................................................................... 40
The Appearance class..................................................................................................... 42
Using the Material class to define the surface............................................ 46
Adding more light types................................................................................................ 47
Point lights..................................................................................................... 48
Spot lights...................................................................................................... 48
Essential Java 3D fast
Lighting geometry array objects.................................................................................. 50
Using textures ................................................................................................................ 54
Textures in Java 3D....................................................................................... 54
Creating and applying a texture.................................................................. 55
Generating texture coordinates .................................................................. 59
Summary........................................................................................................................ 61
5. GROUPS AND TRANSFORMATIONS .......... 63
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 64
The BranchGroup........................................................................................................... 64
The Tr ansformGroup ..................................................................................................... 65
The Switch class............................................................................................................. 71
Summary........................................................................................................................ 72
6. ANIMATION ................................................ 73
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 74
Interpolators and their features......................................... .......................................... 74
Alpha values.................................................................................................. 75
Ar otation interpolator example.................................................................................... 76
Full example ....................................................... :.......................................... 79
Path Interpolator cI~sses................................................................................................ 81
Performirfg 3D mor.phing.............................................................................................. 84
Summary ...................~ .................................................................................................... 91
7. INTERACTION AND BERAV IOUR............... 93
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 94
Use of behaviours and their features........................................................................... 94
Behavior: the base behaviour class.............................................................................. 96
The wake up criteria ...................................................................................................... 97
Af irst behaviour: simple morph................................................................................... 98
User input utilities ......................................................................................................... 101
Using the MouseRotate behaviour.............................................................. 101
Using the pick utility behaviours................................................................. 102
Extending the PickMouseBehaviour ........................................................... 104
Using the keyboard utilities......................................................................... 107
Collision detection and response................................................................................. 108
Creating our own collision detector............................................................ 109
Summary ........................................................................................................................ 113
8. ADVANCED TOPiCS. ................................... 115
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 116
Compiling scene graph content ................................................................................... 116
Billboards........................................................................................................................ 117
Contents
Level of detail................................................................................................................. 120
Sound.............................................................................................................................. 121
Summary......................................................................................................................... 125
9. DUCK SHOOT! ..•••.•....•...•.•..•.•........•••..•...••.. 127
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 128
The program elements .................................................................................................. 128
The duck......................................................................................................... 128
The gun and ball............................................................................................ 132
Putting it all together ................................................................................... 135
Summary......................................................................................................................... 136
APPENDIX A. SOURCE CODE ......................... 137
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 138
Chapter 2......................................................................................................................... 139
simpleWorld application.............................................................................. 139
Chapter 3......................................................................................................................... 143
simpleCone application................................................................................ 143
simplelndexedQuadArray ............................................................................ 145
simplelndexTriangleArray............................................................................ 148
ObjectLoader ................................................................................................. 150
LightwaveLoader .......................................................................................... 154
Chapter 4......................................................................................................................... 157
simpleWireFrame.......................................................................................... 157
simpleDirLight............................................................................................... 160
simplespotLights.......................................................................................... 163
simplelndexedQuadNormals ....................................................................... 166
simplelndexQuadsmooth ............................................................................ 170
simpleTexture............................................................................................... 174
simpleTextureGen......................................................................................... 178
Chapter 5......................................................................................................................... 183
simpleCombine............................................................................................. 183
simpleTransform........................................................................................... 188
simpleswitch................................................................................................. 192
Cha pter 6......................................................................................................................... 196
Simple Rotator.................................................................... ............................ 196
simplelnterpolator........................................................................................ 199
simpleMorph................................................................................................. 203
Chapter 7......................................................................................................................... 209
simpleMorphBehaviour................................................................................ 209
simpleMorph2............................................................................................... 210
simpleMouse................................................................................................. 215
simpleKeyNav................................................................................................ 218
simplePickBehaviour .................................................................................... 221
simplePickBehaviour (version 2) ................................................................. 223
Essential Java 80 fa.t
SimplePick..................................................................................................... 225
Collision Detector dass.................................................................................. 228
SimpleCollision application ......................................................................... 229
CoilisionDetector2 class ............................................................................... 234
SimpieCoilision2 application ....................................................................... 236
Chapter 8........................................................................................................................ 242
SimpleBillboard............................................................................................. 242
SimpleLOD..................................................................................................... 245
SimpleSounds ............................................................................................... 249
Chapter 9 ........................................................................................................................ 254
DuckBehaviour.............................................................................................. 254
GunBehaviour ............................................................................................... 256
SimpleGame.................................................................................................. 258
APPENDIX B. EXAMPLE DATA FILES ........... 265
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 266
Lightwave scene file..................................................................................... 266
Object file using materials ........................................................................... 269
Object material file ....................................................................................... 270
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
~1r1C~lI~IC!i ~~lL
General Java .................................................................................................. 272
Java 3D .......~ ................................................................................................... 272
General graphics........................................................................................... 272
Openlnventor................................................................................................ 272
VRML.............................................................................................................. 272
Lighwave3D .................................................................................................. 272
3D file formats............................................................................................... 273
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
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Introduction
I. Palmer, Essential Java 3D fast
© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2001