Essays on the Political Economy of Africa PDF
Preview Essays on the Political Economy of Africa
Essyaso nt heP olitEiccoanlo moyf A frica Essays Poonl itthiec al EconoomfyA frica byG iovAarnrniig hi anJdo hSn.S aul (@ Monthly RPerveisesw NewY orakn dL ondon Contents Copyrig©lJ Jt9 7b3y G io'{.mmAir rigahlil }do lmS .S aul Preface 7 AllR iglmR eserved LibraorfyC ongreCsast alogiinPn ugb licaDtaitoan PART J:O VERYJJ:;\\,S ArrighGii,o vanni. J.S ocialism :lnd DEecvoenloompimcie nnT tr opicAaflr ica Essayosnf lJep olileiccoall1 0o1flA lfYr ica. Giovi11A1r1r1ii gab7il Jdo /mS .S aul II hlclflbdiehsl iograrpebfiecrae71/c es. ContenOtvse:r vieAwrsr;i gGbi.a, n dS al}l.lS ,. 2.N ational:ilIlsdRm e volutiinoS nu b-SahaArfarni ca Socialainsdme conomdiecv elopmiennt tr opiAcfarli ca. GioVaJA/TT1i1gib ain d1 01mS .S (ml 44 ArrighGi.a ,l lSda ul,S}.N. a tionalainsdrm e volution insu b-SaharAafnr ic[ae.t c.) I. AfricSau,b _Sat1h11a_rEcollocm0i1cl ditions. PART II:P ERSPEctiVES S2l.SI obc.iSaalbiiiJllsS rmua bl·clSo�anohdcaAiirftaarilnio I cn.SasJ a...Au fl/r,oi /cmSa ., I IT.i tle. 3.u:In tematiCoonraplo rations,A riLsatboocrr aacnide s, HCJ02.A73 330.9'6772 -81771I SBNo-B H4J-2J4-2 onomiDce velopmiennTt r opicAaflr ica GlOvd1Alrr1ig1hii 105 FirsPtr iming 4. On AfricPaonp ulism MolltbRleyv iePwr eSl 101mS .S lUt! 152 116W est1 4tSht reeNte,w York, JNO.OY.l l (j 33/3M7o relanSdt TeeLto,n doEn. e. 1 LaboSru ppliienHs i storPiecraslp ectAi vSet:u doyft he MallufactiillTfleb deU niteSdt atoefsA merica GPIr�lOc't'taanArlri1raiin giohzfita hteiA ofnr icPaena sa.n itnrR yh odesia1 80 PART III:CA SE STUDIES -6.A frinc SaocialiinsO mn eC ountrTya:n zania /ohlSl.S alll 237 5 Co1ltents 6 J7)TG h ieoP VoQl�1IiAi1cr1ar�1lic � gnhoIm yo fR hodesia 336 Preface 8.FJ RoEhLnSl .SM aOa unldt heM ozambique Revolution J78 AppelldiAxf:r icPaena santries 406 JohnS .S aualll Rdo gerW oods Thee ssacvosl lecitnet dh ivso lumteh,o ugthh eyh aveb eenw rit� teno vear 'pe rioodfs omey earasn df ora varieotfyf orumasn d purposaersch, e ldt ogethaesar moreo rl escso herewnhto lbe y thec ommonp erspecwthiivceth h eey videnac pee,r specntuirv�e tured obuyre xperiednucrei nag n umbeorf y earrse's ideinnc e AfricTah.e firsrte levadnitm ensioofn t hiesx periewnacsea growinrge alizatthiaootnu rt rainiinntg w oo ft hee stablished soci�acli el1(ceecso nomaincdsp olitsiccaile ncwea)so fo nllyi m� iteldi sien u nderstantdhien gv artiroaunss formaatnidop nrso b� lelllfSo uwnetd o b ep reseinnAt f rica. eTlhiicsia tnea dt tcmtpot engagwei,t ho therisnt, h es earcfohr n ewm ethodolocgaipeasb le ofo rderianngdi lluminatthien gd waittah w hicwh e werep re� senteTdh.e s econrde levdainmte nsiwoansa growinagw areness of the etxowt heinct"h s tructoufrd eosm inati(osnh"a pbeyd t he interacotfic oonn tcmporiamrpye riawliitshpm a tteronfds o mes� ticcl asfso rm:ltiwoenr)e t hem osti mportavnatr iabalffeesc ting rhep rospefcotrAs f ricparno greasnsdd evelopmTehnitsf. orced uponu st hed utyt oa ssiisntt h es earcfho rn ovealn de ffective Illewahnesr ebtyh ea nti�impesrniuaglgicsloteu lbde w age.d Thestew od imcnsicoonasl escedc oinnv icat tihoanot n ep os� . sibcloen tributtois ounc h star uggwlocu ldb et oh elipn t hed e� vc?]prnlelotf theorayn da nalysaitos n cei ntellectmuoarlel y satiiSnfgay nds trategimcoarlerl eyl evaTnntt .h iesff orwte took OUrc uef romt hew ordso fA milcar Cawbhroa sla,i tdh a"tt he e�r�lt1ijlso flat hyeA f ricraenv olut.i.o.ni sn Ota crisoifgs r owtbhu,t a crisoifsk nowledgInet .o Om anyc asetsh es trugfgloer Ibreariaonldlo urp lanfso r tfhuet uraer en oto nlyw ithouat 7 8 Preface theoretbiacsaebl,u ta rca lsmoo rco rl escsu to ff fromt hec on cretsei tuatiinwo hni ch awrecw orkingT.o "b es ures,o meo ft he essaiynsc luded whielirlne e vitasbeleymm ucht oo" academtioc" PartI mallrye volutiopnuarriysB tust.i, n a spiraattilo ena setv.e nt hese arci nformed: 10 abtyt emtpoti dentifyt hweoi ptphr esisnet dh eir struggAlbeo.v ea llp,a rticulaattr hliyrs e laticvaerllysy t agoef Overviews ouro wn thinkionngs uchi ssutehse,ym ustb e considemreerde "opener(so"rd iscusstihoenyw; i lhla vef ullsye rvetdh eipru r posieft hecya rnr heSOrt ofc onstrucctriivtei cfirsommc oncerned radicablost,ho nt heA friccaonn tinaenndt in metthreo politan centers,c atnhh ealtap l l uostf o a dvance atnahley fsuirst her. Of courssec,h olarwshhiicpih s M arxiasntd s ociailnii sttas s pi ratiointm,se thodi,ts sp irailtw,a ydse velobpessi tn a conteoxft collecttoiivalen dc omradeilnyt erchaAnngde .i tnh ec oursoef writitnhge se essaayust hbooartlsrh e ahdayv per ofitferdo mw ork withc omradeisn Zimbabwe, in aTnaden lzsaeniwah,ew rheo, haved ebatweidt uhs c, riticainzdee dn couraoguerdu ndertakings, shlreidnc ommoni ntelleacntdup aoll itiecffaolr tI.tw ouldb e inviditoous si ngoluet n amefsr omt hel onlgi sotfs ucha ssociates thamti ghbte p rintheedr e; they icnaa nnnyco ats,e s,h :lrree sponsibfiolrit thyem any" failuorfae nsa lytniecravle w"h ichr e mainO.u rd ebtto t hemi sv er)'r eanlo,n etheless. GiovaAnrrniig hi John S. Saul l\otillnadnD are s Salaam Januar1y9 73 I Sociiaslma ndE conomDiecv elopment inT ropicaAlf rica GiovAarnrniaign Jhdoi h n S.Sa ul A noteedc onom(iPsetr rohuaxsd) e finesdo cialaiss m"d Ieev eloppe mendte t oult' homemrcd et oulse hso mrnesT.h"e m owrf oard ritvoe wards ociailsig semn eratlol yfb oeu nidna c onvictthiaomtna n'csr ea tivpeo tenctainoa nll bye f ulrleya liiznae s do ciety twrhaincshc tehned s cu]wrc.leln traolf"i ptoys sesisnidviev iduaanlidis nwm h"i cah s ignal measuorfee conomic and soctihaepl r eecqounadlifitotigryoe ,nn uine poliTdiecmaolc raicsgy u,a rantIenet dh.eb est soocfi ailnitsetl lectual workh,o wevesro,c iahlaivsbete se enq ualilnyt ereisnet ceodn omdiec velopmaenndti nt hfeu lrle leoafst eh poet entfioagrlr owtohft hper o ductifvoer ciens sao cieWtiyt.h itnh itsr adiittiw oansp erhaMpasr x whom osdtr amatifcuasletlhdyce o ncefroner c onomdiecv elopmaenndt [hceo ncefrontr h e elimoifnc altaiisonsne qualiinht iipser se sentoaft ion [hsco ciaclaisHscteo a rgutehda tth ien equaloiftt hibeeo su rgesooicsi' e ty ofh idsa yi ncreasmienagnlttyh atth peo tenotfit ahlae v ailianbdlues trial machiwnoeu lndo rbe realized:a nidmn uefflqeudpa rloidtuyC [ive forces thuwse nth anid nh anId . Certacilna isnse qualhiatviseeo sm etipmreosv etdob eh istorically necesstaofr oys ttehref ulrle leoafst eh ep otenftoigrar lo wtohf[ hes0- ciaplr oducftoirvcete hsii;ss t ooob vioaufa sc tr or equiermep hasBiust. thee xisteenicteho efrs omen ecessdaircyh otobmeyt we"edne velop menta"n d" equalOift,oy n"t hec ontraorfsy o,m en ecesslairnbyke twee[nh TeW Oc annboetp ostulaap treidorI ith. a tso b ea scertaeimned pirilcyta lhrough an antahlery esliast ioobfne sthwiepet nh ec lass This �nicfilr�s t �ppe:lfineThe d Jool7lollfMlodtm Afncm Stnudoi.2 t(1s9,6 8). pp. 141-{>A9n.e arlvieerrs iwoansp resenro ttehdpe len;lrysess iono ftJw:, UniverosfEi atsy t AfriSocai aJS cienCocnefe renicneD ar es S3Jum inJ �nu�1r9y6 8. II 12 ParItO: v erviews Dr:ve{opmeinnTt r opiAcaflr ica 1 J jtswe�vppfiuthilX.eadlnnre�tId lau untaicurhs ocesshpo sicte topcrp ,eer ofatAufcelfmenru [ rw funauroodnQ sea otslcobs nr eern acsns dioner ee],.dce.es e otuslpp".ln a oo u, c cti ghtdepnnfm-"itrb7_iin fio dc edaMeiueysoett ..etodnsrotvfcd rneo.scrhm deoryeoit- i tf_mcna eelle ra tupodcr i el ns foe wrslfr3iaAaeca t-v aa a arnnaflcosiieyalyaisccscr woinscnr s enn drfaitninoel d,td lddge eoshsco mbs�uII ho rrdarceIaeroamsi dlec maao sm cvc necynoceg etr ueaooeopidrn . c S(vwesegpdtfnlnae aiC�eein�ta us iasottt�aCChllttie dodmtpei�l!OeLoh cdt pncimamedieIr ptt hr,edtfeptos b.ystlmeeheeo q neon , ytOldaee,syaArfiurrtr ed.t; nev[ n -ofc etc ae�.ah oh lva[tanfh�tmifos nrcegpCeio nc bht.Isov �nmes r �lldayec tres �atud eaoa Iroerurlhsescpbf:rer seraetelml sia n eetcstn sa t l TbsccdEftchaieeaeciToisneateirvoarhtnwwstolmmeleseleecg coeipic,m iu,tli ac dfu utt oinl rosDsta ilrhhcarpnuehenfsmmGpc e t mt"evt iesio.uooo eeh eorntnristm ftgnel etrahen mi iyhthooleote eaonn i eaoe.rdptoyrpimaT nn sss pxi yem einnopdA taw sep nfiescgTB rf oliira en nAta rera lslnayritf loroix ig iiwn r pgBscridamisetAegiiu oa sissineAnaf w cStcm.'shh tg fckrea ntae omiae rieilnaealaa sfaisldin,cl" gl tsoe ttsns l,cg a s2lsfre rheas t aB noeo esipvleaha.e cc t,oreyl peis"rirrtpu uersm r s ,geaueornssoiaaeh Trllndi-slerslkteaiwn dehbtyno eematsate(jyad ftfestng uliotsyrIu gi uo oehs c ofso m Uxelrlffnieahaon .fiet ehel abeo " fs" nsdamtles0-ei rnyobs h etepmhaa rnasfro idioae b l i p os e nifsn ,g tpeieqAoauo vnsafiaa l ia mlidnbprasti layroyser gc,cs te iouirausrc lwrtpAuiharflslsigarut atcetoshdr hdem ifsi, .g,sour tyt ergee hx gctnuaett�odIsmsloehwst I,.te daaS a st mtrn,hpahd peeare a rrt os.etI Wue�r.tSlflls a o �efepnfocldrdm nu o ocrd�berutlW�.re ce�1hInd[0.ls- L l v lttemohcorroreaeane told oifavmoda taines inc vosco becrencladsitosog hwaptfeit:mrflc peeaouid nnctrseo tuerabnt,sgetcnao iy nlhdrtnn,toae tee fg ts hs o hseierhe na.marIvr an nocStidc lhein,atvco noretno nomi Iflpeiow e yiAnnnem ctft e ea rexrliragaa cnmentaaai d t n ieo nal havteof acdei lemomfac sh oiicnte h rceleo sreellya ptoeldLa erye aOsn. capitailnti hsaemr eaan do nt heem ergeonfcw eh awte s hadelfilna es ttphhosleewpe e verroece,folta f eliti rinwhn tthetiei eercrasnhns a,wca t eiaticlpbioolieonsn t nahoaaaloamlnl wniid acndcssg a, omrn bc a sieivmyaen a�sl eujt aoceolronmio ne,ctffis oy� tan rnf�o:tcrnllsLo n 3t1s ftAihf"rrealsi tttac" h,absiae noodr rcei iosaltolsoof"iugco Asbyrffttj a rsreci,ocysbc"pt"ooa iiA ctncnfih agra l ilat IcinhnasSdes .m,eoe " crc tyoi2 anot wtdtaone ,hnc s p edaoh rlealpicforlocruoalfiilkx e ,is s genedreavle lopOmne nthtde.o messtciecn oen,ef a�sc.th�er obloefm tiqFureo. mt hiesx erctihrseee a dsehro ugladia nb roader perspective on the relabteitownes"ehrnio pw nt,h"ec entoefra dm�Hlstraannodon f thper obloefsm o ciailnCi osnm tempoArfarr.Wiy e c sahacloln cliund e, sucihn dustriaalsti azkapetlsia ocanen ,d" countarnym ,t"e racftrloomn Secti3o,wn i tsho mber ief roenmt ahrek sf uctouurroesf se o ciadleist whicrhe al deveclooupslmpder nibtnu gwt h icahlr lo oof tdeenfi ntehse bat�ned s tratienAg fyr imcaak,i nsgo mree feretnotc heTe a nzanian splbiett weuenne quaanldu nconnescptheedor fea ss ocifeatlygl s ih�ort expenence. ofg enuitnrea nsforFmiantailoolnnye.h, a� t hpe� �bleomf a grlca.ull tuT tdeoev meelrogapeilm,tte shnieotnaalu r tfglu her,asai splntth h ewserhh eeo rrrmueten tq,hu eahlscameave anaesr n a�ddte orbm eog.rcm I.C lass FormatiEocn( maonmDdiC" c.; e/op-mnll ambiguiomupsa ocntt hpea coefd eveloptmheantnth �et hemre quah Thev aSmTa joroiftt hype o pulaotfti roonp Aifcrailcc oan soisfit nsd e tieaslr ehaidnyt ae.td pe�ncnprr oducwehrods o n odte peunpdo wna geem ploymfeontrth eir inhe iqstu haaewlb iisttehicnoieocfnasne r t eeamlhplaoAyrrf dar-riahycne ladiao ndtoa ehktdtwe ho arecl atdtlu p aaarlatg ntedoea frt n msuubstShtIe srtAeenbfneyodcg rieiwes.ni c! tua hsgo sefein coeodnrne aosldmc eir\cil opeftl ioAiopfnntmr pe rirnocetap-A ncif acrpaiiltca al ist thdei rercetl atioofnt shhipisap t tteort nh e traojfeg crtoowartnyhd d e ora,st heayr meo roef treenf ertrote,rd a diteicoonnaolm Tiheisis.se x vosenh"l arAoeflprrlmwuie Tshmcnhoi.aticc ne fsih xa a pilplliorausfeiarm snen"es anb tlytie yhntdpeetcs r rh iasvaa�c�ceulrtat pseemeolorxorf pm1nfi l� 0ecca ttrhii�hhs fanIgpt. elsSeoh� nmg ewtlre oa slsl ytt rIunedromviiefedpudlsia ayffir l cctsauii nrlccnv teuui ,llse eatowvroft at m hnoaoaec hrucieeirdqr tl iu eysilr craouengfs cdeosa bnhrinbueo o estsimn o ite mnysceg,to aol4emnue amdtdfdo .f an er ams uponhfwse oanrtokiim sase mfncuAaohcfcn ahrt� ra-iooanCsrfco aIoy tfrt�tc elnehiricdebb sl PuymeEel . olrka. fl hap JBtcsOeha tr1ede (l{.1g en1 mc.cmsoil lmc�aec eSSS:!dnloOs �tC tal �.oraIOnyaItSO Lnh dsdeym qUthtU.rrlnIgeoo oohudtfra d r giirsobipoarcksol uiehf tlnda hts osrurhf oriituepgpbeg uh enOhrte ncsfnlh.o oca ylross laemblo ptyewaha, moe r audratrga hkthrceee ieo dxivlm pslyema a elnnarsodycci f io anl i ParJi: Ov erviews 14 Dt'Veio/lmmt inT r(}/JieAa/Jr ica 15 oorpwgIamSpcaubichdaspofstwrffroeonenerineafnoiuenrhyriicStlab niriiaoco aordlgnclodisoctioohrgrdoivevemnudnmltweth ttefsdta nhnmceteoi tdtotsre a-asrulhe elpdlhica neut wwl im osrsffwihhfca opertla icyefnyeaeieo omccsaeiidaosopguotOtd lfae oonfwesye nte r nrnnt sun nrttutddastsultdootlrar siora fhd aorp E dyrd, ode s,noi oa biethnu eihhnpspn oa i tbf elywosu k s meaeom o osiltit bedsth emlia nnlraaotormsosnnoobrci tsn sttdinwnirsylrest iii a pucz, aenT irohitir:esnfoynertc e,he hwa s leccihvserrsce nadmCms rigofoo r is ..pn aote,s oeatdat lrhsoretsko edd la T oornob snsv etdrh s inhec.myuntonni deipoc m lrhnua slwt heaeiaaTe tdean da oeeuesemcutsctfoatosktutg thiasbi enrtngh ipci nlmsgniaxc ai oe ndahcuehsAiAheignoopcito ideeoimeybtosehcdrectsmdsaernratep uaof rcadctohnsfoA nyte r grs ekedhle r ut aprtds procrrnehf rihne pe ohnfsa naaygo e raadomo ltieu aelrsei ode ao o Tcbaisru[ltlne tmban lppuhoabfy.fausgacfw lrsmorhillgupcrif eaisn eogb swtpsenlsomoabiaaes d plyyynuia ihbucrpuccrspc rfeloat oi rirlerpto.bln-neay s sdslyg Cloolaphymoy-a cethro� soneierllt pept ti ialunodilfnrn .r tcaie tenrtcta-a ohegeretemzs.trsuun-rr o.o to.iicartu meadstsnne elrrlanemgeo[a! oercTt o dl f lmql hnen.te niatd fxiiaildra culnfOt rsehiuumuoata ieluo�ierIscfieeamhn stibgpfelln maaat riyipda.nn ncgrh not yitc afne;nsnae.nt -osrhhnsiy sacrbamasfot o nohepgtt�cyeendia ispc ac eMt t srtoetcmer hatoare ontnhdf� r aoio, erd�eiienhortd saw meaI.rtse�ierp rncypao Sl heop avvnas sssvdtxvaeu h rht nn an . stVofr t nahtahd�iotde sentpeerpg�g,� a mipepecsnekat hclb e lrraIes�nceea vrurr. orhone ete tsnaor�a1oe nI ethbeeI,ydocntte sdidve c�� lanoYfes cn�t�mhtn-bnnyImpfeant a.I. t .s t mgeifd� etel trnt otstlS xele rtahteige �s Voltra r t mn oeshot oh,kyfeictfh hlIca r.aolnauhlf r iefaoa cg e sedm� nvm-eefc fb osv�.e elcoohh�cadfltpdreao tota lfntl nnA.tn 'sIgo s h�ouesel �.pa nsa�o ll I .rloosnnnhn,n tolao.fdh hels0ri .evsl .arnnlttovufgtaa d rettc wvt-me n slgyJleelt s i l f e od d vn sn eg a sdlpbngspomctgapcpmgbpbteecr moaeizueronaeirnraroryayacotvIosuymcoaComdxroodomtppotta(t intte tdleoawnrtid uinnwt dtohabrishpItg snoli usatnuo2o"aeummsstfophuocielcon ethtebn oitoroccn egsr nucipti hohtfaeoc)teo op.etibg o.rrthce nhr.fipro v .etlttanrz afsih ve p hna�nmh tlIf santh paete g n mpcine pe diion e dtpaddeoeuf t eyetin o pedhopew rsae rvrsroer obopd vr le rlrtm nh nireietfae oonnoeeuet oynnit ealsasteo,tc eonomtme ocewt b tdamt ,hdo chnniophts,rn ehf sd,inFarin tltr hp esuwfoaargrccreyi ntoioomnme tu otoxootm heiaetrucotftleetaeeu so atnfftoop icoinriffy m ndtritar rrtfet t[ ssdhstndtnthd isdtrtfaa m . ghiseohradpiwnoohhu pesipotr eA ieuvietuoi lhTli p ieotpflunioieslhoa r fipeertronuoframfrosenrt dv ah zes cnaioin,ss a,naunb rsei ehpinrnlo.drt tntscniuinisitaetit rokp in tcs sseanaatlens a diilho pr r octwpdsytnhshctaenerrdneo totcsctstu goebutcae riteenyt,r sghaeeepo[l,Taelwle ogvh rupaoe sohs osci s naooh harasi iaetws n ref r Qhlxyald eeeeaprrnns unet r totd baaflasn cvfetitn t oerp inauct rsntimottur r o.ini filvv dlecitemits h dl ntdtcohs iitddeissaratppa rtvlarseeteia utrosmah e ouhe,tnehAooysuv mec tpmw lrddlhelsu mhtf trimyeu d p icos ioa fnn,tecieclohiueis e eftrs peroigsu nlor[alttu vml,rr s t umuogesstteri o poora coelc sipQobi iigseigl o iissmnh e yic nrlpeonlnulfohaet pt bskhpnve er inv u wcetrapot[vtmuhnbsaasyopua ti rioleh rew csoognilhdat vennahQowhcseiftgmllb ervileorealaai ht wf taa one dbaerbelho sl rshe oioepa ewiolbbsnfpmti yvmioi ytti ts sl e ivnaet nertrmosrspn hn ey het tne carnn eiith o seccctteciaidgtf- soaovrii, roie hrsigt .vohsparpptmnohthegudm c eaet momfidesc "eorTm lys;,mh ene lrtprrmtra neer re p(abnrdisloers uvthnnttiohia siore, io toehioey srsninoyp1ti vmru,y cii, c hnoekfuet d mdkicrdne-pdn tu stesrr)etaz eerT :mto pe en hefrxe aueoo eu caegtemo yrete stdhcdah p eiur olopiirclnnlcarrastoapf 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snrhehr aefint aesep tt Aac t tesfnid rdo i nc an economies 16 PartI Ov:tTv iews Developmein11Tropt i calA J rica I7 trschTo ei Tei»nh..cce.nsnvletua d io a os iotettresinpocn bia rbl ta reoloreyhp gn fairbt iieis nbeywnt fanehdtuse tac ox htueeltfateiltnnt o mesotes hricen ctir-nhf hhveiinoc0neeef nonorapi f otfgplmurqafe sa rossouc nuno gede.ts.ITrdd�isusoIi mwp a uc cI :IIrn.tpolbca"otecnnsy u 'stltLsa o. soi �hvtnfap r0 r.oef mocliAp tnr entcitft soas hie rl o s n , mtccpoaoorrl�ewnysodIdanctcpoew1 s aon� aeocupf gstfICr.lel[e o tnOelYJr hcSal a�seorttlo(t( nese ehosa,nlstaru ssapht meiHbisee esvfoonac r eowrdvi) re iiag.eovv[nclr ileihgolorgirdi)nywaeng,us c tni o ia waehdnpmsl"h r foo t sinoclrhpc wtaripeiehipencer r lan oesaolstdc slnisoee n nsgcs y" . s�tiCI peinon7pee..otneoco, nmne qu'otl td anup rhie losmaopecc fitolno ih vhdl rieineeeymatnusini r tathn ndqnhiiredteui enooe eepen fllnrtcersvA esydhhnn efcv eeadaospreoabvipretftoimcrngeeraoni mwacopeo.c lcltobeenan�o v aoti 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teero tefot yrceph hft fomgwm teh onocaaeh edaroedarsnen ummmepd dt stfga py rie ehuolh ntdce.no .a a,Fst cbdsl ooeoityssi Lrfemcrni u hze xattocaaenproienh sdw.iakrmrT d h nne pnbheoa,dtoaoilv r irlittsaegnt mhh nluga'e eoe n rpdt m ent 18 Pa1r:tOv erv iews Dt'I;e/opmmti lTrolp icaAlf rica 19 thatthd ee veloopfm[ ehinent t emrnaarlk wearsp ossdiebslperi et·e orm ortei mheisg thheartn h oosfue n skillalbeoadrn edtr,os g ewtihtehr srriccorncsdu mbpytt himeoa ns (soetrsh lea ocfka ne xteoruntaflloe rt thcel iatnesdsu b-eilnbi utrcesa ucratici nt ehcmeip vslieolry vmiecnet capiptraoldiusctbet ciaou"nsto )ee x papnrdo duicittfis ir oosnfat l nle c anedx patcroinactecero nnss,tw ihrawutetc ea( lhlle a boarr istoofc racy esstaoer ny la(rhgdaeet pa rnnocfsm o cpiraold uwchtiimcoahnn ufac trcoapAilf riIctia st. h dei screctoinosnuamropyftt hiciolsna wshsi ch turmeesa onfsp roducititinecess saryo n, tod raiwn itwtoo rkwehros absbosar s ignipfircoaponnti ons uorfpp lrtuodhsue ci entd h meo ney creaad teem afnodar n ic"olllfce o sn sulHTeInpcc'eic oonn.s umdpetion'e COnomy. veloapftes'r a ccumulaTthiuosn .u'n derintvhecesa tpmietnatl iTnh et hisridg niffiocroamfsn urr palbusso riptsth ipeor no fiitnst,e rest, goodss ector trheeesx tpraannisoniotson nlo yft hper oduccatpiavcei ty diveinddfse,ee st,ct .r,a nsfaebrrrobeaytdd h ien terncaotripoornaal oft ropAifcraiblcu aarl osfoi tisn temranraklpee rtpe,t uatthidene g tioIntses e.m asw ell-esftaatcbhtlfa iotsr hepeirdgi nvi antvee sitnm ent pendenocfte h eec onoomnty h ger owotfh wdoermladfn odir tp sr i ledsesv eloped (efcfaorrn obeomim niagen os u rfloeartd omestically marpyr oduIctit sns O.s[ u rprtihseirnegtf.ho atrthee e,c onoomfi es genersautrepdhl aubsse )ei nnt, h ree cepnatsa tne, ffi cideenvtfi ocre tropAifcrahilac vabe e eunn atbolg er ofaws tert hteehixarpon r Itnts h.e transfseurrrpilnugs gaebnreotarodat theead d vanccaepdi talist perio19d5 0-1r9e6p5a rlo dsuecetim nfs a tcotn avger owna naa vte r countriiaseh si.g"ph llIaytu assisbulmetp htaiatotl,n e awsittr he gard agceo mporuanotdf4e . p2 ercpeeanrnt n uwmh,i1c6h i1ps e racboeuntt rot ropAifccaitlch ati,rs a nssfuerrpi lbsouo fsu tnodi ncn.i:nt· haes efu lowtehrat nh e rate of expon growth. rurfeot,rw om airne astohnhesi :gr ha otfep roefixtp ecbtyfe odr eign Givtehnhe i grha otfep opulgartoiwopetnrhc ,a prietpaarl o dhuacst corporaanttdih roeen lsa tsilvorewal otyfe grooftw hteehc onoomfi es increaatas nae vde rTaagotef2e p ercpeenartn numt hsiean m pee riod. TropAifcraiIlcta a p.p etahrraset t uirntn hsoe r de1r5 -o2p0fe rcoenn t Thirse latliovwre altoyefg rowctohm,b iwnietdh eftfheoecf tt hse capiutsaulao.ln tl hybe a soifs i annv esmtamtenutri inan bgo tuhtr ee "wage-mechsapniidrziaasltc iuaosbnso"ehv daer s,e suilnatd eedc rease yeaarrsre,e quiinor reddte oar t tfroarctec iagpnit tot arlo pAifcrailc a.'9 int hper oportofit ohne lfaobriocnrew ageem ployimnem notS t Thei mpliicsa ttiihonoan rt d,eo rf ftsheoetu tfolfpo rwo fiftosr,e ign to countarnhidae bsse eanc compbayna wi iedde ngiabnpeg t wuerebna n invesitnmt ehanert e mau sstt eagdriolawyta r .lotef1 1-1p4e rcent, anrdu rianlc omIetis fsYa frr ocmo rrheocwte,vt eoar s,s utmheaa ltl whiscehe amnis m posastitbaliein nem ceonnto gmrioewsai tanr ga otfe claisnts heuesr baarneh aasvb ee nefiftreotdmh wiisd engianApg .l arge +-5 percent.w hTihtluheste ,r anssfuerr phloaufss sboemeenw hat proporotfiu ornb waonr kienr s AfnrOifcoar icoounssolifyss etmsi contadiunreitdnh gpe r espehnatos fe eiamspoyrs tu bstitthuet ion, proletarianpeirzieoddi cpeaenlaglsayagi nenwtd as g,ee m ployment.o utflcoawon n lbye come morient hsee ryaiehoaeasura stsd h pahta se Thimsi grlaanbotr ifsnoo r"tcs et abialniidzn ge edn"e droeasnl o t comtoe asn e nd. acqutihrasetpe cialniczeadtieinido n nd ustrialw heincurhse er pris\e\lsme a yn owd isctuhses developmocftn hti s pootpfe:snm uteriranl capiitnatle nsive Ttheecslhean boiraqeraur, esls a.is .sae,s.pe ,a santS pluasb sorThptei foonco.uf as t tenmtuisbeot un po nt hcer eaotfi on temporairniw layge em ploymceanntng.oa tif nr otmh e"w age stimtuoel xip ltohsieut r pplruodsu cctaipvaeec xiitsyit nti hntegr adi mechaniszpaitwrieaoh lna "vb ee edni scussisnihcniegg ,h er indivtiidouc<:naoalnl o mTiheesar.re te w Om aiwna yisnw hiAcfhr ipecaasann ts incoamremesa tcbhyea rd e ducitnti hoeni r wage oepmpoprlrouymepnatr tiicnti hpmeao tneee yc onotmhyr:o peurgiho wdaigcee m ployment nities. antdh rotuhgseha olfae g ricpurlotduIruftaco lel .l tohwtashtd e e velop Theh igwhaegra enssd a lahroiweesvf,eo rst,th esert abiloiftz haet ionm ent potaeg nitvieanl opofasf tu treprlnu s iantb shmoeor dpetrino n betptaeisrde ctoifto hne labwohro hsfieogi rhnc ceoj muesstt hisefye v ecomnyoi sd etermbiyin tiesmd p aocntt h dee mafnodper a &:lnlta bor eranocfte i wcist thht er adietcioonnoaSmlty a.b iliintz uartpnir,oo n, �npdr odFurcoetm.h sitsa ndtphopeia ntttd eirsnc uhsalssie tidraf ln ey,, motsepse cialgirzeaabttaierorgn a,pi onwieanrngf,d u rtihnecrr eians es potieanTlth.es logwr owotf(h h meo neeyc onoamntydh ceo ncurrent thien coomfte hssi msa slelc toifto hlnea bfoorr wchei,rc ehp retsheen ts higrha toefm echaniaznadat uitoonm ahtoilbodan cT kh ger owotfh proleptraorpoiefar t t rAof priiTcchaael.ws oer keenrjsio nyc otmherse e w�ge-ernopplpoorytmuefnnoittrt h peieae ssa nMtorryie.m porsttainltl ,
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