Essays on English and American Literature PDF
Preview Essays on English and American Literature
EssaHs nE ngliasnhd · mericLaint erature BY LEO SPITZER itbe�Ad n nj-{aa tcher, wiatF ho rewbo�:J-(r edn1' rei� re I EssaognsE nglish I andA mericLaint erature I· Thel atLee oS pitzeenrj oyae rde puta I tioans o neo ft het wenticeetnht uroyu'ts ;. standipnhgi loloagnidsl tisn guiHsetnsr.i I� Peyrree fetrosh ima s" amontgh et ruly �� t-"';• grealti terary osfco huorla agres.H "i s •, I� writiinngt sh er omanlcaen guaagnedsi n �o.1�:' � comparatpihviel olhoagvyeb eena lways � I stimulaotfitnegcn,o ntroversial. �r ProfesSspoirt zpears'ssif oonru nitayn d -- I structiunar ret l edh imt oi ntenseixve �"�'1·t� ploratoifol nasn guaagnedo fs tyilnet he �.., Europelaint eraTthuerl eist.e raotfut rhees I �"·�� Englilsahn guawgeer et hel astto w hich hiast tentwiaosdn i recatneddt, h icso llec I tiopnr esehnitsws r itionngE sn gliasnhd Americlaint erawthuircaehp peairnevd a ri I ousj ournaalnsdp ublicadtuiroinnshg i s lifetTihmeey.r angfer oma ne xplicatiots I det exotfst hreger eaMti ddlEen glipsoh ems, thrao culgohss cer utoifnt yh ew rit I ingosf D onneM,i ltoHne,r ricKke,a ts, Marvelaln,dS pensteora ,c o nsideroaft ion I Edgar APloleaa nn dW hitmaann,d fi,n al lyt,o a discusosfio onneo fY eatpso'e ms. I Eacho ft hew orksst udiientd h icso llec tioinsi lluminaantde dh eighbtyeP nreod fessSopri tzcearr'esfa unldi maginative ex egesTihse.d eligh"tAfmuelr icAadnv er til>iEnxgp lainaesPd o pulAarrt "1 si n I cludaesda samploefP rofesSspoirt zer's commentaorny A mericacnu ltuTrhee. I bookc oncluwdietsah m odifievde rsioofn ProfesHseonrc\V ellek's selective bibliog I raphoyf L eoS pitzewrri'tsi wnhgisc rhe centalpyp earienCd o mparatLiivtee rature. I ProfessJo- re oS pitztearu ghatt t he JohnHso pkin� Unifvreorm1s 9i3tu6yn til hidse atihn1 960P.r ofesAsnonraH atcher, oft hDee partmoefnR to mancLea nguages att hautn iversseilteyc,tt heedse ses aaynsd L "PnraP" rle rlitotrh ivsoo fl ume. EssaoynsE nglish andA mericLaint erature By LeoS pitzer EDITED BY ANNA HATCHER ........••.................•. . ••••••.•..•..................• PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS Copyri©g rh¢t2b yP rincUentiovne rPsrietsys ALL RIGHTS RESERVED L.C.C ard: 63-7078 -¢- Prinitnet dhU en itSetda tofe Asm erica byP rincUentionv erPsrietsPysr ,i nceNteowJn e,r sey Foreword ByH enrPie yre •.........••.•........•.......................•.••.•••.•.••••........ "Gresapti rniotwos n e aratrhse o journeixncgl,ai"Jm oehdn Keatisn eaanr sloyn nienpt r aiosfte h ree coofn theimsp oraries. Gresatp iritsso joaurero nri nhgoa,nv lely a tdeelpya rftreo.dm oumri dsitno, u r aogwneA .n dn oatf eowf t hohsaev aer isienn there alomfsl inguipshtiilcoslc,or giyt,iW ciitshtm h.e same naibveew ildewrhmiecnchto ntetnspcoireanrdtyii ssptlwsae y, mighatl mocslta iamst, h edyo t,h anti nepteyr coefna tl tlh e critwihcoes v elri vaerdae l itvoed aByu.tn umbearrsoe f l ittle momenitn humanistNiocb eoslrPt uuldiitpezrsei.rza ernseo t bestoownce rdi tSitcast.au rebesu rta rle.ye recttoe dt Thheem.i r greatnensesv becerma ena subryeq du antisttaatnidvaer ds, and iss eldgorma ntuendc hallaecncgeepdt Tahnecicerh. i beofu nty tot heir fiosli lno wtehrets h szete ismtu,l aattt iiomtenhs,ee x asperawthiioctnhh, ea yr ouisnre e adaenrdsi ,nt hien tenosfi ty liwfiet whh icehv etnh ewiorr kosfc ircumsatra.eni cnes tinct. LeoS pitwzaesra, l ownigt hR .EC .u rtiwuistE,h.A uerbach, with B.a nCdwr iotcohet ,h eemri nemnetns tislulr vilviikneg G. LuaknadDc. sA lonasmoo,n tgh ter uglrye laitt erary scholars ofo ur age. Amecrailchlaie,tdm o tw hh"eip cahr aodfei xsiel es" whicshh oeff erteodE uropegaanvshe,i mu nstiandtmeidr ation. He tauagtJh oth ns Hofprkoi1mn9 s3o 6n p,u blirsehmeadr k ablceo llecotfei sosnasay tVs a nnii'nNs e wY orka,t Smith ColleagtPe r,i nceton Univaenrdss ciotroyef ss eP praersast,e artiicnll eeasr jnoeudr nSatliisltm.l a yb er egretthtaSetpd i tzer wasn omt oroef ten baysu kneidv erprsesiste.oys r b yl ecture foundattoic oonmsp ocsoem prehebnosvikivsnwe, h ichp ahsis sionu nfioatrny ds trucitnwu orreko sfa rwto ulhda veex pressed itsaenldtf h e impaotfai uebnicqeu ictoonuqsu eorfao lrtl h e provionfcl eisn guainsdlt iitce krnaorwyl emdiggehh ta vbee en curbed. Impresvsoilvuemo efSs p itzeesrs'aasyp sp eairnIe tda alnyd Germaanfyth eirrs e tirfermeotnmht Je o hHnosp kiUnnsi versity, •v • FOREWORD andh aveb eenw armlrye ceivSeidn.c hei sd eataht Fordteei Marmio,n S eptembxe6r,x 9 (5ot,h erhea veb eehno pes oftohre r publicatiCoonlsl.e ctoifoe nsss aiynsE ngliwsihl dlo ubtlneosws appeairn S pitzeard'osp ted lataw nhdi,c hm anyo fh ism ost fruittfeualc hiwnegrsed irectTehdem. o stp ressianngdt hem ost timelnye edw ast op lace adti stphoeso afsl c holasrpse cializing inE ngli(sahn dA merican) lae ntutmebresor f f ugitibvueti, n trutohfs olirdi,c ahn,d p ermanenvtallyu apbileec oensl iterature int heE nglilsahn guaPgreo.f esAsnonra G ranviHlaltec hetrh,e guardioafnS pitzemre'mso rya ndo fh ist raditiinoR no mance lexicograanpdhp yh ilolohgaysp, u tt hel earnweodr lidn h er debbty t hifse liciatsow uesla ls p iouisn itiative. Thel iteratiuntr heesE nglilsahn guaagreet hel astto w hich Spitzeart'tse ntciaomnet ob ed irectheedb :r ougthoth ist reat mento fp oetfsr,o m Marvell andt oKH eeartrasin cdkY eats, ofm edieval songs and of Whpiatnmtahne'iass m mac,to usrmei c wisdoma, r angaen da breadth,a naa ncdu tenesdse ciinp hering subttleex twsh ichl onyge arosf i nterpretaotfio otnh elri tera turehsa dd evelopHeidse. a rltyr ainiinnh gi sn atiVviee nnhaa d beeni nt he classiicnsR ,o mtahnecpneh iloloHgey r.e calliend , one tohfe f ewa utobiogracpohnifceasls hieoen vse rw rotet,h e humorouasnd m ovinfigr scth aptoefrL inguiasntdLi ictse rary Hisrtyo( PrinceUtnoinv ersPirteys s1,9 48)h,o w precihsoew, remotfer omt hem oderwno rladn di tcso ntingenhcoiweo sb,s ti nately unoafwr aercee lnitt eraatnudro efp oliticst,h ewnta hse studoyf p hilolAougys.t raitat hatti maed mireadn de nvied the refinecdh armosfP arisilainf beu;t s terpnr ofessoofpr hsi lology werem ostliyn teunpto n endotwhienigdr i scipwlietsh tbhees t toolfso rt hea nalysoifsl inguipshteinco menGae.n eratioofn s medievpaelo plweh oh adl iveldo,v efdo,u ghptr,a yesdu,n ga,n d tradweedr es eeans i ft hehya db eecnh ieflcyo ncerwnietdth r ans mittipnhgi lolofgoircmaalsn dd istorptheodn etcihca nges from someh ypotheticalL avtuilingd airot mo o nea nother. Spitzneerv ewra st hutso s evelra nguafgreo ml iteraatunrde , eithoefrt hemf roml ifHee. o bserveevde rdye taoifll anguage, ando fs tylwei,t ha microscoaptitce ntIitoi nse. v enm oree n grossitnosg c rutitnhiozsese l igdhetv iatifornosmu saget,h ose •v i· FOREWORD involunrteapreyt itoiror nesc urrentcheosss,et yliisdtiiocs yncra sieosf w riteirnsa foreilgann guatghea inn o ne'osw n.S candi navianBsa,i tCsz,e chs, Dutcwhhmobe nyn ecessoirtp yr efer encmea stesre verfaolr eiigdni omasn dm akea p oinotfa nalyzing stylipshteinco mewniat h meticcualroheua sv oef tepnr ovetdh e besstt udenotfsR omanclea nguagaensdo fE nglisFhr.o ma thorouegxha minatoifod ne taiwlhsi cwho ulrde maiunn noticed byt hen atisvpee akeorfsF renchS,p anisohr,E nglisShp,i tzer proceediendd uctitvoeg leyn eralizoantt ihoemn esn taslt ructure of thew riteAr .d azzlicnogn catenaotfii onnf erentcheuss broughhitm t ot hed iscovoefrs ye creitnts h ep sychologailcal, mosti n tphhey siologmiackael-,uo pf a uthorwsh,i chhe t hen laibda rteo e yelse spsi erctihngah ni s. Them ethoids l esosb jecttihvaeni ta ppeaarstfi rstt ob e. Spitzheirm senloft eidn,h ise ssaoyn " LinguisatincdLs i terary History" 2(3p)at,gh ea hti s" persownaaylh adb eenf romt he observdeedt atiole verb roadenuinnigt wsh icrh estt,o ainn creasidnegg reoen, s peculatTihoen.r"ei ss omef allacy, even probabalnyi nevitealbelmee onftt rickeirnty h,e e xplicdaet ion textjeuss,ast theries tihn ee xperimednetvsi sbeyd E mile's tutofro rR ousseaiud'esa l pupitle.x tsTseh lee cted be msuisgt nifictaynpti,c saulb,t rlei,c h,e lostreh es ubtloeftt yh ee xplicator wilble e xerciisnea d v oidT.h ed etaiflrso mw hicShp itzderre w a wholaer raoyfo riginal inwdeurcetn iootsn esi zienda purely haphazafrads hiohni;si nstinlcitk,e tohfaa th unter,o fao r photograpohree vre,n t haotf a lovesrl,y ltyo ld hwihmi cphr ey woulbde molsitk etloyy ielIdt.i se asfyo rt het eachdeerm on stratiinnag seminatrh ef ertiolfih tiysi ngeniomuest hotdo pretetnhda hte i sm ereleyl icitfirnogms, o mea pparenitnldyi f ferednett aiinla textu,n tolrdi cheBsu.tC lcfo ursteh ei mmense cultuorfeS pitzleary b ehinhdi sa ttitoufda en objectoibve serveRre.n eW ellekin,a na rtiwcrliet taefnt eSrp itzedre'ast h whichc onstittuhtee s faiarnedst th ew isesetv aluatoifot nh e greats cholawro'rsk ( CmoparatLiivtee raxtuu,r re¢o,, pp. 310-33c4o)u rteouisnldyi catheodw m istaktehnea veramgeen amongu sw oulbde i ft hetyh ougthhte cyo uledm ulaat gei antto · vii• FOREWORD whomt hel inoef O ceanuisnK eatsH'ysp eriroena dialpype lsi: "Knowledegneo rmomuask easg odo fm e." LikeS ocratSepsi,t wzeelkrln eww hicqhu estitooan ssk a,n d thaptr egnaannts wecros meo nlyt ot hequ estiwohnisc hha ve prompttedh emHe. had nota konnolwyl edogfeh alaf dozen languagaensdl iteratsuovr aesst th aitt c rushes huamnbyl er moratlh;e alshoa dm asterseedv eraanlc illdairsyc iplainnde s, hiss haripn sighhatd e nablheidm t or etaoinnl y bthees otf Bergsosnmi,o fF reudisamn,oi fH egela ndC rocaend D ilthey. He nevewra st hcea ptiovfae n ys ysteamn,dh ep resertvoet dh e endt,h rough galnodsf soeost noatnedsd igressainodna sd,m ir ably cleaarn das d teylliegi hnlt i vianngd fiene liwnhgi cprhe servhedi mf rompe dantHriys.m oslta stlinogvw ea sf opro etry, andh isd evotiwoanst ob eautayn dt og racQeu.o tinGgo ethe, whok newb etttehra nan yF renchman thaste ntsoui asalb l es o tob eh uman( eveanl l htuomoa n)h,ew asa musewdh enh e coulgde ntulpyb raaindA mericsacnh olwahrof ountdh e theme ofL edar apebdy t hsew ans omewhraetp uls:i" vtehger aceful bodyo fa maideenn compasbsyet dh eh armoniloiunseo sft he regawlh itbei rde"n trancheidma si t dYieda tisn t hep oem undedri scussion. Morep edestrmiiannd msa yb alakt s omoef t hea ssumptions whichu nderlSipei tz"ecrr'isti cibsema uotfi eass,C "h ateau brianhda dc alled the critwihciachlhe w aitsthiettdous d ueb stituftoer tehaer liaenrdc arpi"ncgr itiofcd iesfemsc .t"H e readitloyo iktf org ranttehda "ta g reamta sterpiiseg cree aitn alilt psa rt"sD.a"nus n eg randea rnet out est aglrsawonr do,t"e Pascao]r,w hoevceorm potsheDedi scousrusl re Psas siodnes l'AmoIungren.i ousilfny o,ta lwaycson vincihnege lnyd,e avored top rovietf orp assagienRs a belaoirRs a cinweh icoht hehrasd judgetdo b ed efecthiveme ;i ghcton ceivhaabvlye dolnikee wisie,fn ovehlsa dmo reo ftecna ptuhriesa tdt entfioordn i, gres sioinns BalTzoalcs,t Dooys,t oevasnkdiP ,r ouswthi csho meo f usw oulrda thaesrc ritbote h osmeo mentosfr elaxteedn sioorn ofs lumbtehr aHtor achei mseaclkfn owledgteoed x isitnH omer. We maye venj udgteh owseea knesisneg sr eaatr titsobt esa winnimnga rokf t heniorn chalaastn hcebeye ,c omseu reen ough viii · · FOREWORD oft heimra stetroyd isregtahrecd o nventidoenmaaln dfso run ity ands tructure. Spitzweoru ldn otH.e sharetdh ep assifoonru nitayn do r ganiciitnly i terwaorryk sw hicha nimatienso ,u ra g�>o ff rag mentatioonfk nowledtghee,m anym onistamso ngc ritwihcos wanta tal lc osttsor eacthh e Obneeh intdh et ransit1v.loarnyy . Horn ash ew ast hirtyeeeanr bse fotrhee c losoeft hen ineteenth centuwrhye,n a sensoef mystaenrdry e spefcotrt heu nknowable werer eplactihnegf ormepro sitivfiasittaihnc d w heni ntuition wasb einegn thronwehde rep urei ntellheacdto ncer eigned, Spitzneerv ecro nsentteog di vuep searchfionrgr easontsh;e reatlo h im-thaitst os aye,v erdye tapirle seinnta worko f art-warsa tionaanlds, u scepttiobe lxep lanatpiroonv,i dtehde interprseutcecre edienfd a shiontihnerg i ght Skoemy.eo fu s, probabllayz imeirn dsa ndl essst ubbordneltye rmitnoe" dt ake uponu st hem ysteroyft hingass,i fw e wereG od'ssp iesi,n" dyinLge ar'asd monitiaorner, e signteods eeo urk nowledge hemmedi nb yi gnoranVcIeed. o ncolta itmo a ccoufnotre very stranwghei mo ft hei nspiraotfia o gne niuWse. wouladl most haitlh ei rrationaamloinsgct r itwihcosh opetso r espetchtei r rationaolfti htewy o rko fa ratn dl,i kteh em ystict,a kerse fuigne silenocre i,n b eatiefixcc lamatioofnr sa pturNeo.t so with SpitzHeer t.o oiks suwei tthh eA meric"anne wc riticiwshmi,c"h occasionallyt oboce occakmseu irnie t rse sotrotf aciclaet egories andi ni ttse rminolIongt yr.u thho,w evehre,a ndi tpsr oponents differbeudt l ittNleev.e rtheSlpeistsz wears i,f n eve"rt opor oud tofi ght,s"t itlolop roud atlolh yi msewlift ahn ys chool. Hisw arnings acgoamipnlsatc eanncdyt heg regariaocucse pt ancoef f adisn o urc ritiacttailt udheasv eb eesna lutaWriyt.ha ll hiss ubtlety, he never abdicated mectohmomdo n sense. His varieads,a nyc ritimceatlh oadl waymsu stw,i the acht alent, eackhi ndo fp oetryw htioc hh ea ppliietdH. e welkln ewt hat thev eryb esotf m ethodbse,i tt hee xplicdaett ieo.xnte eass,il y de.generatiensta o s eotf recmiepcehsa,n icaanldlc yl umsiulsye d byt hef ollowoefrt sh osweh ofi rsitn ventietId.n c riticaisis nm educatiorneaflo ramnsd a si np olitfiifctse,eo rnt wentyye arasr e theu suamla ximums pano ft imaef tewrh icthh ew eara ndt ear
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