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Penguin((|fe Classics \ MONTAIGNE ESSAYS Tf^h Vti^ *^f Ink>-ir-~*& ft**. & THE PENGUIN CLASSICS FOUNDER EDITOR (1944-64): E. V. RIEU Michel EyquemMontaigne was born in 1533, tneeldest son ofthe seigneur de Montaigne. He was brought up to speak Latin as his mothertongue and always retained a Latin turn ofmind; though he knew Greek, he preferred to use trans- lations. After studying law he eventually became counsellor to the Parlement of Bordeaux. He married in 1565. After following the royal court in Paris and Rouen, he retired in 1571 to his lands at Montaigne, devoting himselfto reading and reflection and to composing his Essais (1580). As far as possible he remained aloof from the religious wars of the period, but sided with orthodoxy, authority and monarchy. He became Mayor ofBordeaux in 1581, a post he held for four years. He retired permanently to his estate in 1586 and died in 1592 while preparing another edition ofhis Essais. J. M. Cohen has translated nine volumes for the Penguin Classics;thesehavebeenworks byCervantes, Diaz, Galdos, Montaigne, Pascal, Rabelais, Rousseau, St Teresa of Avila, and Zarate. He also edited the Penguin anthologies, Latin American Writing Today, Writersin the NewCuba, the Penguin Book ofSpanish Verse and the three Penguin books ofComic and Curious Verse. He compiled, with M. J. Cohen, the Penguin Dictionary ofQuotations and the Penguin Dictionary of ModernQuotations. J.M.Cohenwasbornin 1903 andhasbeen writing andtranslating since 1946. oDMichel de ({Montaigne * * * fy "fc •$* * ESSAYS * * TranslatedwithanIntroductionby M. COHEN J. PENGUIN BOOKS Penguin BooksLtd,Harmondsworth, Middlesex,P.ngUmf PenguinBooks,623Madiso: UL PenguinBooksAn 1,Australia PenguinBooksCanadaLtd,2801 J«>( urio,CanadaL3R 11 Pen, MlRoad,Auckland 10,NewZealand Thistranslationfirstpublished 1958 Reprinted 1961, 1963,1966, 1967, 1970, I97». 1973, 1975. 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982 Copyright <DJ. M. Cohen, 1958 ,-htsreserved 1 inGreatBritain I'hrChaucerPress) Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk Set in MonotypeGaramond -ijca, tion thatitshallnot, bywa Mcirculated formof • osed onthesubsequentpurchaser TO oMark 12 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 9 TO THE READER 23 BOOK ONE 7 That ouractionsshouldhejudgedby ourintentions 25 8 Onidleness 26 9 Onliars 28 19 Thatnomanshouldbecalledhappyuntilafterhisdeath 33 21 On thepower ofthe imagination 36 22 That one man'sprofit is another's loss 48 26 On the education ofchildren 49 27 Thatitisfollytomeasuretruthanderrorbyourowncapacity 86 28 Onfriendship 91 31 Oncannibals 105 36 On the custom ofwearingclothes 119 47 On the uncertainty ofourjudgement 123 50 On Democritus andHeraclitus 130 55 Onsmells 133 BOOK TWO 8 On the affection offathersfor theirchildren 137 10 Onbooks 159 1 Oncruelty 174 17 Onpresumption 190 28 Allthingshave theirseason 225 A 32 defence ofSeneca andPlutarch 227 BOOK THREE 2 Onrepentance 235 &Wj 3 O////>r?£ ofrelationships 250 6 0/7vehicles 264 8 0« //>* art ofconversation 285 1 Onphysiognomy 31 13 Onexperience 343
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