ERIC EJ1104094: Adapting to Changing Needs: A Teacher-Led Japanese FLES Program

2004·0.46 MB·English

by  ERIC

Adapting to Changing Needs:
A Teacher-led Japanese FLES Program

‘ffteran ine
depeh pagan
‘erssment

fn 1089, the
Srareat reaches,
Sai al pens
teed eal
‘speriner (0
ecoue che
progrant beter
‘eet the nests
ofthe changing
Srudent popution
led co Brg the
frowrucion oF
opanese inne
il nn!

tind stueregn
enguage tenching
standard

Ken Rast, Gif Fact
Schnl af Baucavon St
argaret Dyer, Spas nversin, Tage, Japon
LperMargaretiiao wan

tha desiming 2 language posse, i
fs ofea diel to cane a wertable
Telento between a Csied ea be

reales igeea? by lined scursee. Utes
the tak eta mzke the Bot ua ofthe avalale
rata win the wiptee tims Hame by drow
Jing on tio cretvity ard experse aft ef The
Falls ina Inah paral wT how “cars at
ne elementary sooo] have founda ay to eel
Senet ies a Tagg ing
hang, thc Inns nen Be
‘show tharnatonly sre stedenle motivate, Sabie
tnaiiangy veneneoiytimlly pom tenpan
Si yr. Te ors me lated epee
ty te tate ofthe program

Boekground

‘Cheean Blementay in the San Fwzesro
nied Sedov: Disc x devia os 2m le.
rutvesoboo! at ofes a spec cuca for
Fgh bigs éeas, Tie ossdea:< pentaruanoe
‘3 ope of the highest imi sae or elementary
choos is type. 205th ree sanked 10th
‘vel and tomo shocks wither hen
popublioe (Clifeaia Depaiment ve Biri,
20s), Chieadon offen foro anque sroeram.
‘he spans ng] Biol Page (I),
aciudes Fepanese fn ion, the foces oF tis
‘its, sod the Second Community offers talian
anger metre,

{Claredon ens ions pom, with
yplion’s excwuciog places Cor adaision Uy &
TH ao kon ete Avene school we
5A.3% af the sons wre Aaa, 8.84 3 Tat,
(hare Alien Anti 29% Flip a
5.49 ae Arglo (Cal faa Deane of Ra
‘ation, 2004}, The pees: Ring Richa
Prugram wat ongiclly funded in 1913 Goa’ a
TrelRotcot ange sannber of pane cas
pores a San Fach. At the ie here was
pemcive eanie revived overex: nt ed ny
loupe wun o psserve thee ely Imgrape
od cule QPakuyams, 1996). Mowever, (sta
(90%) noes thar te pregran vas mot he sane
(ypeoftingal duction progr tat waving,
‘eplemeated cveher, exch asi those sup i:
the Gun Peneara school debit ce arma the
‘andes Lan ve Miho nt,

0 LEARNING LANGUATES

atgnage Pret, Stacfon! Cats
ford, CA hecho ed

-Azserieen sudecta waa Englith, 294 they
constted a ell minority off seh population,
Tru parca suey, Fler (996) Yound thar cven
‘venty yee eft: the progr’ uaing, supp as
sll evoog from ts Tapaneze- Aneel ep ern
soso! Fapmnsto concrunitie She Zand het “harman
mativatiog fv cheosiza ths PARP wa ha, rene a
ewan iy, sans wt Thi ie een,
Sepanaie cles,

ar ray yet, the school employed Tapas
autive cocakst puepofssiovalefhenalie alled the
“econs-madel) fo tach fer 4D mieten aay 9 each
clase. Dovg shi 40-minst: pod, stung wine
Aside inte Due guoupe aneoiing a ter ay in
bapanese. Tho teacor red toag the er in
ocdiinal renters chldcn vexed, remy,
eee fa 15 eae fina ue ys
syeske Afar at nap pogzumn acer in 158,
“Dopwincinal cache, ata pecs Aeron xbold
capscnent 9 sceuastue ae piogran tuber rel oe
oosds of th changing saat ppt aa Eng,
‘nsinsrastanot Tageae ane wih nical alae
fbieignlenguege oeching eens. Over he ser, oe
sonsct-miadal iad colvedin Jaros ely ebeation
fr al aradons with the nse’ cating Hlvona he
lrenoone, Guo probanidearisdwal Loud 9s
Shu: Sassora Weathers had tery “le ivelvemoet in
to Tepmsoss Iason ston though way teachers were
eseicleat ia Topanao and bat a oousect o Tpit
Cte tat dey could share wih taste

‘Exe in 20%, a Japmesesusiaivm coordi
ow a bypereve iacuvge teacher were ved to asset
besten eaosioning cached FL=5 (Foran
Language HlemsucarySsheal) regen, The talon
oyan intosirs taining in hs ACTRLNCATS aa
denis (American Counc a ths Teaching of Freign
‘Languages, 2002; 1999), sorvcuium devetapr ad
smedieds for teaching foreign lrgvages, svar Jpa-
ore Tee to ren Shar owt Mga ile
arn teachevealang the ofl aoontnaoe
evstoped.a vison to gud practe of epteting
“ha yoga. This ager wl dosumact the reall oF
nant fa yeaa anne revise af mente dest
Japenese language orgies hs county.
Program Vis
Tae Claret lupnese Hcg’ Bieler

Druegam delivers + standordebsstst 5 Taponsse
Jimgige ed culureprogram oa students. JBEP
mei ee on a nee Supe
ral motives dem to become Hi-oag leazers of
aponeeelneguage od caine. The chest body in
res Ble ave en! meme epanoze apes,
The oo soups are sometnes seen for INawage
ingos.oo eo that instruston ca be torte he
‘rclccacy loves, The sonia gael fer nan-Iaganere
Sperling sudens ie tho anquiakion af foun
apmiste pro scion ev aes nowhege of Jip
esbeultre. “cacctsintgretaJaganetalange ot
cuts iat digests at elisha Be 9,
sing sane, ‘hance approve, Slive
Tapanes-epaing stidents,mvghly As of te tee
309 sudents, naa bere ge mayne ios
teoohor alent Tope conor to eng
‘hom utog theta wriletat nena biguer level
vocabelay sraeqoken amtorlen sage, EAN,
Tagan, eo, 920 am.
rufessional Devslopraent

‘eacrs sonecly 0 stato hired the pt
2) mi ese Klong rumen

+ goer a wlll Califo ang cred ot

Decne in formal lncaer meine ogres,

+ poisipae ia onaciag profesional weloprea!

InfaregolangoageSitnction,

+ emre:rateprolicizacy in Tapanes lngsage 0
bbesnrulena Japenese course oF ads,
"ogre Tepauete language sal wie a he
core cucu ating The shmvtnls-basa pes
nse eusisulun dovelnged by Ee el ad
"sling to ger-nae the TBEP teacher Jad
TFLES prepa model end andes ase one
ule schools nto ere, se and zation
‘by presenting at confernese and werkskope
“Teachers conti lo updstesodrevisetho mee
‘elaped, ssa sel stem ome! eds
ofallsuhaly, Thi urevham neler poofcisany as
seccuents ar wells woomporsxthtclls ov stuns
mr mist loa panes uluctsgh
‘erous events dusig the schoo yar
“Program Veteription
Careadon JAAP stow weld lecmel voavent
eusished Fang Lamgnge in ilementary Seaoet
{FLES) roster. Wen te tisinguised from ober
Drogas, och ounerion, pot meta eps
Jr FLES and Farien Langunge EsploatoryPog:an8
{GELEOD, by the ameunt of i spent in he fasign
Tanguspeper werk oi tense o tration, be
sian poavame ipl poad yp AMG eos ee

ne age rage Met, 1). PLES lane st
seizumberofimeserch ste, auc fede
Tan it sone cH be nisms Bo tgs pare
ls, GLE programs restsclengunge acu
ena ea very nzedustery Ive ata oan cn
dnctelsg siden naive leauge Reeves, 289}
‘Avon entbusedTLES progam tence thelarpmgras
patettiedjecerisher and ntegans sytem
Jing wih pice fet ame tn tho egal citer
‘conent orae (sci ais, atl o
fer the: ngunge i coping comb
(Concorso vahile farang lean on Be
rh se integrated into Bae met Raconng oF
Tesla (Cat es 1989),

However, i an cor & more iy vege
Japanste nao sides peslion vag ad
1 mks Oe conta! friction mare eliza the
eoiion war made cochlea cong he
aeons the subst ence devenbed a Cutn
sda (1985) ani he Farts oe cnn
Geshasakig clenlceal king enon),
Inaldtiowsracontatel cepa 20-415 ni
‘ue pat de. Ofte 1S leaker inte soto, therocre
19 active specter of npn and he begins
The reve her, siRongh ren-oave spa
aceon Japeaese ak various level. AT ut
the arrive spe ae eared #0 improve
i= proficiency trough professional dcvolopne.
“Tue nstive speakers af Japances onthe ea aly
‘saline plaice anoom cache sad
ly yet cloves tues apanene; they e2ach every
bj, jul ke te ether elzeroara ocho. Ta
rs espdely beginner ypu emer tase te
‘en iaste by aaive specker vlna, bol han
fotki of the czestogr. The ttchez have devel
sere am, fr ad porznal sean
‘pening ae hope an esshing of Wyanece
Jmplamencadion

220%, Claendoa RRP aes tel yo stom,
the US. Departmen af Réasaion Feng Linge
Arsistmaoe Programm {FLAP) aul ho sa Forno
co unde this pungiane si, The plies peteg
‘weroe iene tad’ dling to communicate fn
Jepanct, to provide prnfeccienn! dewsdosicot az
suppor ltsco ete etary oak ordeal
tio! ele andi rung ietacin, and ete
A peoftieney crime tadardebeetd exact
Tear elm mdi shoo aide ves
‘patil mode. ts very ago tak “al Ceo
Tamentay Sebo! ass made, etennting bath
luild + xanémds-baed cuniculun Pont tbe grad
and, th sans tins ait the espn er
inci ocosscoca teach, Howere, Ie Era?
‘of wackeg soseat st te Selon spy ve acer
sass chat have cont ced sea wl conte co
Soutibote “athe preven wanes and the ago

PALL 2094, Vel. 10,80.

“The top tive
rorities were
fe prove
Souler
ilies 0
eommunicane
tn Japanese,
pt
prafessona?
development
ered sipport
Jar dasoam
ea
ey tank on the
‘ddidonel rote of
foraign language
‘nsciacton,
uel create
eprgfelengy-
aiented,
Standards bese
curred to Be
arilealuted with
ints end high
‘Sots and serve
as anationad
meet”
“The suudents
weebieto
Buldoae inant
fyi tradicional

ise cud
‘enous withthe
fly ofan
parent and

2

ae prox, Me ane peel Type
{Uta cnt nimpnatr be prafseney. ey
"camluninGe atten hi wns pe
er wer coi ean beput owed ey Se
EmpoveralbpIheresponsitiltyrsecicencer bythe
secs fe pnepton in earealn deve opment,
The Cureeslane

‘The stron eatin y ar for to tae
‘wih the asitaoe of he ensievlam ana dinat ed
busi sopenan FLES and Jepses langage. Evan
Defer theteaner apa ing ey pasa 8
na ewan woot
ie Calo ra Laoguage Lehre azoiaia (CLT)
se evolerutinetes ln ype ri
Iw vcloneer, isk Ate wg ae lee
a the anomie essere tine =
pe os eco dng the aoe yew ase
Iheinplenexen of becca wisand eas
GGredelevel teens also warked togetsr on relates
diye, nope wenosiey, le addznere deals to townie
aodtessoa pcos Tae Jopereaecxniculom cocsastor
‘nid many moctings to cess th pesaysta of th
imptemcation cx well = rpeaming event Far 0
summers heteeters motive wadlloag wewtahop ©
udarrofne se cunts,

‘ts eel i bis six ema de ail
Sef Yon, Sood, Nau, Shoo! sed Name Taese
lepicy were coven profiel y bean ny eer
stip tives lament Surana. Bech at
Ins se. bmzage fenton, roca, states,
aed eoltmal themes. Jen Kn ben, a strona
“hpnene elbuah (or elem any sols pubieked
bythe Cale fr Applied Second Language Suodes
(Cast) ir aetha gee mesons forthe corde
Iu ke prage een yl ora ay
sleslnes loans anguistonaf rode amily ac
juetpterive corprehenrion, tbe eachers te be
Inco he ele “rtom sequence ein the
sloge, oomprebrasb:eanpe, guided yreciee spp
anfertnton ond esoesccee) am Baan ide
ints tesum planning Darog reeiys sl elense
ays. eachers be developed e-Sevel bineeswi
lesen pone, where, rl ntvees fy ech i
‘While tb testers bve the osmnsitce, books
resources, Ue imac the eal lana
frteanes mo «panera tbe
Jnngovge aod oltre msi an be Vachon
resources and mets,

Hage 9 ane ome nf Leo nua hy while
the ceived cos he sewer oe
lee ito higher mad hier Invels wove ries,
‘he acai be euch ri rede wile rg
valet andmaniplates, eel le ofleaion
plra en wantin foreach gadelevel he tase
Sone eon 2p ee Bear peat of Te
rogressor. to profcieucy in each ane, ox eschers

PARSING LANGUAGES.

Derhly copie 2 ations cach He Sever
trate mre 9 tien sor, a fides nad ot:
aaa ens atin ben a Ceres ave
{isp been creed bythe teats. Vins portant,
hooves, heen 2 agra yo Ue ach ef
the anguageftiscenval sth haa inca a
themes oben with dete Thi a dey
‘actors tlitriogelctive ius usine wily eras
who se uocaative pears of dc age apsge
nad tbe ely navage end caltrorangit
Jn. eescom, tbe prog a eons 0 Bod
schoolwide events occh = apcanse New Year Cal-
bros oabeegesn), 2 Cuec Festal (sansa,
sola Spurs Feel isseuia}) Thocudcstaoable
‘a paicipae a ax enjey eden Jepenesa lta
‘venta ih the help oF many geout sl anaes
valorisers.Feformiog Are Nigh ia anther spoil
vent where the amieats doe ada (mela
Typeset Cagerge eo) pein
‘hit and singin lepnese sod Paglia Vaal, ge
pare ad wouraraviy goss ici Go ey
The van lent” preface Sludente chen rem
‘dcr these events ace te hibleis f heir terre a

Pengtam Achiavomnts

(Crerovfenreof tie sucts Fhe TBSP propa
a Clerden Kitmestary sebool cau bese no ro
fall of aneeabieion het pote? date an vaiaoe
Soares, Tae four dais sees nb dr rnite a8
“fesesited ben. ste esuls of to fear sreup,
setrora hid wih fenoheca shore haw the stress
of Ue pogo slaw mere string volver.
‘wth diy legeageiosoastion. Second, an asia
of Foon: Jegeage Or Sls Maris (FLOSEM)
‘vesnoea shoo? sigan proficiency eine 0
‘al gues overa six toeight moat spe. Tit, Sa
‘leo! Cal Potten Aaaeeroet(SOPA] cote eo
show shar ace proficiency aver he conse
‘fa yeu. Pilly, aren surveys show hak he's
Trofcieney ying awl sinorented esas aod
holicene, se ele nee 287
Focus Grows

Tce groups were beldat Cone Famencany
Shoal de sping 6 2008 to pon Lew non as
tvo-speking rashes have adeped beige min
reves af Jopanne language etude oe
oveaay been Ee expat iy of rly speaking
arepofessione fens, Wile somvof the preset
teMlad heen st Cavan seh hea
in 200, ‘hae eam al ser! who eve been hed

‘Ths teachin the Soeur aroupa cs ask oe
Yes gusto: How Shay eday the eu ecto
thoi clesrosatasbing? They Wool that then
‘on ofthis foro group was learn a2 vu ow
sotene apeaket fhe agua eta ne
‘Senden onda basa oie of elon,
crt report of bee grow session woe shaved
Ine teachersamdearamescawerednited. Theyre al
bide neg the onde ae ai yer mes
‘joes sucess. a partion, tho tach sks ad es
2 be coool bate 2000 Tek ha is neo wes foe
srrecftstve tbat poviaus sure mold, beyond
hp wre te teasers ad sore Rawdon a oven
Jpmese whos ar vers thee RALit wes pmo, he
Uangusgedccanicreuct mores pat of tims: Bow of
a asi, ad da ot ve ee ee
fo "study" iti beeive women te! here were sora
asous fur Dyess,

ae imporant fete asthe ntn:eafleinn
‘ho ete evorafclingly tapout Te ey
toe programs eusooe wes the Freedoms 19 cont Bovt
soben ncaa Jaga in iia ens, Predouely
the lara casas al wy Till eying to oo
iho Laarunge lesans, Several leathers repo he.
this wae Samaig beoane nay ee upparistionto es
Japanese daring cy, tu ed nt:
[Hovtaco so, Theisespemees ndetted that hs Headens
‘eas vay tina sl emperering.

ssh ofthe debits is Te ys pe es 00
‘ew to teckereutsgaed tha cece na ir
ens aad seas in hich hey fee lic todo
$e The amount of race sla uber subjels at
Teochece must tach andthe conten nf We canta,
Inet mice wet te tae inch io insti,
{region len nonin nlrb apogee ued
‘sarees ucla aking forsee 9 wstcesteom
oro goa dink of wate, 2g well yn ey ron ao
‘ive, such x gesting Ihe lower ade and cehoa)
luaeh soma i be pe gala Ove oesher reposted
hace fet “hats aris wasn el "owns"
of ti lexguage. i pol wt the! efor aimed
leuches:0aksadvarags af hacmtest nthe clzseroan
frorderta ght language, cadens es
ble use the langoage or neemplic ts that Red
“Soul” ome farehen.

‘As impure 7 success ths solely of
tae sift When seked about cusicalumy (ae fesohote
‘misty refened to tho ily sp lese Limgcage
conte wa ofr tach:s a th same ye Tey Tt
‘ys quits eppaveat thet ‘he teacher al Clare r20
ach erat rese-ecs a4 have epyurtines o BRD
td cove aie.

FLOSHD Assent

‘Tw StanfirdForegnLanguage Ora Skis Habe
tion Misc ('LOSENG (Pada d un, 1998) yes ed
tw cuaity proteome gain a tel of the Lmgnge
pura, Sherootn teaches ie sess vor fo >
fal) and ogee nth spring Foe stn OFS pots

st: cuppiesin, veey, vce, promnciat
"ru grammse ‘hese Scores Were trated to gs «sea
cone ft 3 or is secencetr adele wor

viet poops "bexrage” eae eh, hacer
The heme emaersiet, ave el of ier Po
isin amy ifr? Hom ote ead and “not

Jeng eos, aka az eng the Tague Fin
TbebasicleveL. Laval hee “Serage” ener eae
to speak ar nerve levels Because they bar eel
alc wha family mesh who ta nates
lnponess. Student ated at thse rp
Jmmetion a2 2,30 in alee Uy [osu on aes What
‘ere maybe ngniicet fret tv nats
intr eens, thse prose were eed wept
eeeabeal ints Approsinriely eof e329 ena
Inthicamactnentwere cage! ws berlgo” Tories.
“slo sob ate hl othe earize cap of
20 in rales Kone spit cles ubag four a Hh

ute lens bo eromed sac yes.

FLOSS¥/ rings fee soup acu sade Lael
er eed ein» ped sample Het Fo ech teal
Sova file FLOS#M wbraomert er new sigseant
Siren fp 0.00°} beten de Al azssncat and
the pring asnmeat fr the non-heitage Yeasner al
4 Sighiian dlenene (p= 80-) dar dco ofthe ive
fevmp of vege Jaren, Tebles 2 mod 3 sew) is
AL of the tts,

‘Tle 2. 2002-2008 Japanese POSIT Assgement

for en Hariage Sones
“Grade [R=] EEOSTM Score [Tworonc] erie
van rg
eet 695 | On8_| aa
[59 tse_|_ cae [azo
2 [a Bis_[ Gos] sar
» ga [an | 2
ast [sa [ te24 | 12ix [478 jane

Ggolican at taep <0.001 fea,

Table 3. 2012-2005 Papascse FLOSEDT Asscsemont
fr Herkrage Stila

Grade [N= | TASK Seore increase | Frat

a Spates

fw [rane [cous am [oe
ere [eis [ate [oa | oe
oe [as [sw [oer [ae [oer
3s [ea Das | i [aan
wan Paw | zeae | aase | ie] oar

“Banat bp Sot wad, pion
epee

PALL 2634, WoL. 18,041
othe
curiculim
erondinatin,
Japanese
language
teaches, and
elassrocmn
teachers soit
feeiback from
parents On @
regular Bests,

“

SOWA Asesoment

‘The Studect Oe Poficicney Aste
(SORA) msesucs studs” specie pusSecusy sod
Tsteaing couprsbension and wes éesigued spe
lly fi ue i lemony vce ante eras
{Towpaon, Baya, SeRinsky, 2007) han arse
Favinag the aesanrent ema fn eonypanens
ining wd rennin anon iierabowetions,
bing ad following isesctins, Two wis
Lats, he nse, eal Fe rer wae pay ©
slndenis i's Baily, oooeeraleavnenment, Tack
Inlervie aves about 15-2 ezates 3d iideatoed
"he suing sel vomit of as
the ACT Proficiens
‘on the Teac of Fersign Langoags, 2003; 1998:
junior noveoow, i, -bigh and falar ramodl-
eos md, high Becane of he ixousiveticwand
sd wih ti agen ard pe
feraden Somcach rade, KS, vs selector et
ingen percent theo berg nl oo
aseazo ee hocariulan canine a Ms 9? 7002
snd 2002, Tae ens nda a 67% G9 stent of
4 derenctated anusensin fee bene
‘eval grr el tae cadens pe by

‘alle se enna the begs lnguoge tides

Pave

survey
arene 6 a importa Estrin te e1eess of
the progres. Caenden soe he top aol abe
srr jn argh 4 "9e mame of pres valrctons
{over 0), They gla sad patcpate sn evets staring
JInprasin sine the cneaoom and in ecto ide
‘ero. Iheywemeneg oon ving ros Bebin)
The program resteucuring morement ix 1898-200,
‘A epunese speaking lstson om the Pare Advice}
‘Gowers werk lore vt the Jnpenoe cco,
‘lie, Te cunteniuncoulinaor, tsar Iegcige
leacker, and slssoor teachers solic Sedback Sem
oven om amine Im 2092, he sepa ap
te wievey ss nse one wry oe
The progres ofthe Jepmese prose. Wife ther ere
reptrscursmeyssemlablefersoryenean becca
De ited tet penen’s 2 “ix cine’ pro
‘seney. interes, cod conddeare all proved: OG of
pret epored cbt sileaapea sore Jepaurse
{a 9% increas tem de previous yes), 5395 cald Weir
stleran undertund more Japanese, eu 54nd di
stileroneadorioiaes peace (5% juesa5> on
‘he previous yer). Poot seo tated ne fdr
swore rors inert Sn Fepansso (65%), aad move
2oufdentvaing Japan (640),
Diseussion
ve chareteisiosidenifed obcaldasvecesn
PLsSpregane we earners
ar uly quabiBedweickese well planed curicls,
‘Shsigoedtomect rogram go's udicient eseurcese

LLEARLIING LAROCHOES

soy oat the programs aad high eudeot lees sad
tenure shieveanm! «Rowe, 19H). dere
State inthis paper Clteadon exis cach one ub
(bese compoora'. Sreng eanmoity cuppan ie
rule uf de Spree Hg Biel Fou
ma 31 Cheat x is beea ence it ncepisn fx
1W8-1he 15 cessoom teusexs we ly ssdontalod.
rmuligleho tober wi Xaledze ef he got
Jaagiags, using in foreign -ingvage pedageay. and
‘Srey dose aid contact aba language ae
rleuc Wh cvery ud Seven ouside rave ave
povised Ue ranelal mos Zrthetashers ip 2>velsp
2 alanda dato eacicubvn (Anvatcan Ceca on
th Teaching oF oreign Languages, 2502: 1998) 29
tr pticale in wmeoing praPsival develozrer,
Jcluding lamegednauetics, wel bergen
5 Finely fue HLOSL39, 508A and poentanavey rece
reel Ie igh level ose sa, pleat a Iepancee rt
‘wel es mensmile goes intel proficiency wader the
ew pogiemn,

ep hs rs niga wd mean pac
és grag, Rene, bs egos un la roam
teacher lellangnage noaion. Thebenefy Sang
avg techie dive henge te
‘vs, Teahias he goer ebmsoorneniz, wine
{eon eens nee they Inn her nevis ao ve
Sel ceutines ne rem pies, "thee matings
aul Dow ilo tbs ppg iesiclion when there
‘x0 eon hy cessing laches hey mene to
Frege apne Hoonghoe ee ey im diam
"othe 30min block of guage instuotion. For
‘eran teachre pe Laparege i ee raring fo
Hine, bho os tons, sed iin en
ear corselin eons when nee is evedp eben
Iepanese and ibe fchject hein ph. fn tHe wy,
Santetyancespoeal in Foe te of sagan re
cbwsoum sation nl ii wabeRed ia the ele
Sa ahick 1 pale,

Fasthosts hve the Asi whe
Jopanca othe cave situ bust By Css
‘ever arauction in bah, Teaches ava succes
taade eoniactians fe the ve aca sanery
oc fusign bgaays wir ls Oe icp of
seca srdes, ieee and wt, Teahens ect ve
ones lene flor fel heey ove ibe
Jango sin he shssovoi, sor inplemening
‘itll sidan sly spoke vy gta lo ae
hasoon ira, Sper be anme lage 0 te
leusbervheashefbetdnoteseail oemed asta
"awe hee wer ve ene ee
"ae Teed, sales ka ze ae moo-naive
peaks are moive lena aod fo earn h
"ae gel Laognge, Ses Ieasgreaed th aie
sent, “ify eather can speak fpanes, [eve though
Sco a: Japanese] cas do alfa the seo
alivospenkigJnpmae euckes, ne eens fs 2
sinilc molvaion xem they ete their tasher using
Lung oles. One ofthe mat commen seraer ic las
nn algeivations i cat of laity sadam

sip 1 rake wef he bl egos ber
deageages by ‘roshing [or the tescher andotber sudects
[irene tala heehee a ving at
‘pita steals ve shoe Soluce by ts ferdoato
ptr bots Isguages, Siniloehy ar-hertage sedeats ate
‘soeuuarged by ven lew Linpring eoecesfy 0 &
[Boguege ots tan her ave taste

“the importmce ofthe ington of a come fr f=
gangetri mation saul at be yoestooke Daly nee
freporon prime exnalof hi Rnowavtaisrau, meetings
fervenspcia met nibs laperese lr gage oot lat
(hss such 25" goed seni,” “yood alle," “Weak
you,"and "you'r wsioume” ate ven somber diereat
teltiral valve 20 pease society compe to Anse
souiey. Tedionay, children are eneonreged to give ond,
Hearts, especialy to these io igor seis pain.
‘Yonag stl aro ae eitsian fr ot giving valifslory
ain, nd ence someanohat ented ha Worf wel
‘an ad, asern eau make oF boak +lion'ge tyne
tion, be eo apes suas wish olen ave oo ret
‘mana in EOGih) ta are suidafn ead ar rg
‘wel earth hoghwing andr af dss, Crag pece i
‘bis ists cu Lo sed ise cago evry mocenly
Jargnage bu ls eat ara le en 62
perience the: these stunts rs Iw ey Sl Fpa
Foythar oxncing thi space yon pol 30 mint pci
ery day allows sic to be wee nach more rie
segs foden dT zm (1981s is toplemeng
‘npc einen lo Tapas aves

“auikents fepanese is vat a tarzttioa af
the Lnginh apzropriats a gee station
"Thetis oa toe amet of Japanese pst
‘be censemed wit aagsageincoltua the
apanese language a EUR wilh Ign
Deieruciny Telowing pater of Jeyanase
‘ebavier" (4)

‘ber, hey fo oa tome tat ins te wy lee
sry tng Janes vod texas in aich the
laoguce is sure “cagas'” wath Baglsh aro asa nose
cave elle onto the United Stat Ths, len re
mening» ginge ogee: fara“ focign lea.”
there isa pressing need for “a asazanem ¢ the sal
equzsrcats fr eoceloping a eutialan sri or
US tomaen” @. 5)

Comesion

‘Think a ogee prensa no of pee
few cureuirn ansnistlors fa say Lragage progr Ie
soviles wp effecive way’ of treating santero the amaro-
fat aig wvyctags ef upprtsaeecrsughont the de,
rather spacing tue tying rani nad tne
Sra, I ampower tesco by ging then oo eer
har class, thrstimuleing now cee dost mates
rts at ae best exit neat alse
‘Ba Ely 3 give a workabs rc wb or tive
!ylething aches ew Renn peesusvely sad effectively.

cantina gpa arcsinly not evap theresre
linienz oo he: participa thaclastoon, ower
‘Bin ype af zegram provides averres en woven
reek can capitis ono owner seas bees
oem. a zany reese, ie leary soperorin eet
Sion rograns, wis eke asia een (0
th stad alesis so fe tu
tana segue FLES cnodes that nates to the
Teguise snd eal ol hs conlentarieel PLES
wowites

NOTES L4arpae: Dye sere us doe Eee Can
fe Coots uf Clarousnn Blensintnry Hebo0! fom
2303

elecenees

Aero Come nts TencingelPige agape QE).
‘rogram aur is prepa effi rape
‘noah, Hous Sepzae 15, 2004 ems
sors tnd tyrone rit
et pd

cies Desa oF Edun, 008) 288 adr
‘rmonce atx AP) boron. ites Spee,
“Layee gov LEC I
nspSenCole-MUDSCalee OIA TSBEDSZSA DL
Carters

(Caema Depuret of Beso 2804, Dat we
Aime dem gp a Ciorna pode aut scot
"Rport Retewed Sept 25, 204, Cause
Hlecxprearirt,

(Cua HH, Be (1995) Inna Son emg
‘i ene akon fee HE CAL Diet,
19S Hokioed Stan 25, Nh Foe Anpon,
talaghonueosllgenin fe Was,

crn 8190. ss pep Pench
“lan: Penis es ommelonguee ant
(apnea cord vay Mec,

devas, EI, B Tahar, RAD, (98. Janae serge
itouch Und ater Rea protic,
fmecourt rings Wishing, Dic tnt gt
Vangioge Cte ee Hogs Dai

Mut MC (1980). Pani msg meio, Che
Digu, Rovenitar 1995. Radioed Sepa 29.2004
fran: ehipsiewsancticlngntcearIRIC Dinete

Palle, AM. Sung, 1.1499) hn Soubrdzisen kgs
ed aia cms ni PUERTO. Aisle
tsoeaing soonest patties ERC Dosa
Repdacon Servo aD 438589).

“one (18 lethal Eee ange
“EiUC Digest, September 1989. Reineed Sepreaer
35, 20D Las “hapssonemereeneweiga
Bereta

“Tron Ls eyt0H Rade WOE, Shr xo
"Pastop ecient eripvineuse fei ond
tg atten cul gre daar 6
set ban Os Carer fo god gi

‘El lowe Sia iver

ee hoc engnogprgrn: Tt
‘est Sipe ere So Panty [209 2002
(apa Saco avery bts,

YALL, 004, VOL, 10, NO.