ERIC EJ1088872: Approaches to Learning and Age in Predicting College Students' Academic Achievement

2016·1 MB·English

by  ERIC

ourna of College Teaching & Learning ~ Fst Quarter 2016 Volume 13, Number 1

Approaches To Learning
And Age In Predicting College
Students’ Academic Achievement

lars Can, Cuba Ose Mint Universi ihey

= overage (GPai m sory ening ucanon roti ee

ds Choad Fact
and 80

Egormen: Th soning ote

the tied Sat of tsvien Cale of ek

the Reed Tro-Favtor Saath Process

form. Tie fangs wee as elo: thre We slot" GPa
Draco the tua scar fea

ores of ear fa. The pore

‘Keywords Eniy Chile Education: Approaches to Loe

Age: GradePolat Ava

Marton and Se'jo" 1976) investgesd Seep and cata ‘Maron and Sa'jo" 1978), The
‘oan yo scion sabes sles htt epost stl a eve the iw i he sooe
spproach Bias. 1990). tn an ida syst. eis expected ht el students dal Wid he psblem et baad ia the st
moni ay hy eeu earings athe Hah! evel ose he la hd. lnc
sedis sutice approach Would uss foe: eve verbs, The pescac of the srtace approach iit that something
Sijsfinatonsd tos li Belew 20.

I yy igs (0990 Fe thal shunts wa ep ama Ursin i Sis raglan of
civestion metaods Bigg, £0998). The dsep approach, whch eau be dtized with combiseion of ution aad
froceses, ase osantaning the ig proces ale ler sieent canal fom seine ei
tnd coaseattionralted studying setegice Earvusle & NeCuas, 2001), Thy majtiy of prevats a

Salen leaning considered High sth leaving in leres of dap aperoach, which nels su coneentil
understanding (tise 2

‘Tre dsepapprosc i sets by te aod its a en approriats and encaningtol way. which sds 10
‘song the ran apenas coavive incon fn worn othe These ee msc ees po
feelings sech cb intrest, tScling imports, challenge, aad evea exhllaetion Op ds oles baad. ts Sut

Copyright by author); CC-BY a The Clare Dosctare
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sich i rain tthe inten of Ssh sk lol pig ach eff ion sei i
‘eguurcmest, lading to th use of Lower cogs actiiise even the ask seques higher level activa. The
‘faces el py ete hs ler ng busy vay hey ass suc leaching odes e
feitaceappoush is als defined e “otmag sass” or “smexpung vader ts susp.” mush exe tv9 soit weed
‘bon (ig, 1284.

Shuler se the dey sammich sol fs he iene of Sig sre for desi ih is
Instead. hey would wy fd caine inthe tah mate an cain the most wasted way (Biggs 20128). The
sleep aeoach ones cure wl the sens ran. he sorceress to suet ba
thek teacher world expoct fom tea ia exatiztons end seach for empestedghsetons within he ev aerial
‘Stans nh nen om the das sqgrovch lle oh ets sing the atl these
‘whlch stun would coabe thane comprchsad the meaning ofthe taught mtr Harve 2000)

Srudouts who ws ths suthesappech fi toasts ths tel puapose ofa as and to ns tho tk by vesting
thesia soi Give dnt ode set the meg eens As ren ow lve cone
struc ego aod va ithe tan soguuce highs level ectiviice aad rote leariagooetrt withou asdcsanéig ie
Sop conn. Have, the te lant ve! des ol canary sn hal the street
ppropiste mchod won verkaumn fal 5 requrcd The igpproprite use of soc Isenurgindeates 9 surace
rich ach erring aren previo earn (gas, 2001). When Ue ne rsh i
fuopte, ths karts focus oa the sutace sharatetitce of stato, am the weeag ofa txt, of hs peoporsd
mat ges ny eis salto (Rasa Mara 1998,

LU efine, the dep ssh dps on inns ines to ample the ak fu mst ea
imcanisgl wv. Wath this regard the ndeaping meanbe and the ais 235, homes, and riiplcs Become
Srportnt ince! of the debi aed insignia spacifis. \ dap april, wich ier sags, ratphons, nd
Conseptul suuenrs. cequcs & stoug tackpround aud sclevant pice xawledgs. Suetoeis toed for esting
Sniffer Fy lk shyt the race firth ow suc sees ela the uly tac
‘Tae isin chaecteiie of dosp eppeoachavbrseovoeure sagegcincn ia tsk Sy wutg the mom appuoglate
Tears yamceses fv stn fe fash flo (gay, S17) In dew aac det fc he
bjt of ernng an on te phanonsooa ia ts taht cateal Boston & Marea 1998)

‘while the sutice eppuoech requires ruins msaoczation the Qssp approach davolrse making coaaostions with
revue bled alr the eva of he nace prea Uta esl lai ni eas
Hom the intention to roproducs ofthe mata presented Uy tis Weshe. in & rons wey and Widow thinking
(Wnts Sosth, 2002). Neher the surace ro Ute ey aproahes les ome erent Ls the spec
teacher Thought processs maybe zcerons tothe aching cviroameet Using ths deep approach abd avoiding the
‘face syyich frre the hast of igh sal tach aii ny aol ets have he pn
let (Biggs. 1999)

Academic swdsas adopt a deep approach to Iseming cegedless of the teaching methods wsod: whores
‘hostess saat a ay svc the stayin cis me ese le
fppuoech fics the requis astvnee tor ceeching the epgrpmae rru regarding th tase e ans. A sues
mach has fo cytve lve iis elec al ot pce Ue mete nes ie, 1988),
"What makes to neo aporesces tesa om oae anor ie tat toe approasee foes ob “the sian” but desp
rmmviches fc she sige” rst lton ncane page tamer ir vet yas hee). Deep
fppreachss xe esocited wth compcheading the autor's asssage, while stars approaches anvolvs
testing oss the espe: Shudnts wn sa he dn aah lacus onesie fle reat
{es aoa hose wows the surace approach ets on Watds Maou & Booth, 2009),

Predlesag AcadenaleAchlevenent by Approaches to Learning

Disc 2003) found that scademis achiovcmen is posited by approaches to Isening Diss. Pllesen, Brus
rn Ltsan (2040) rer thal tase sed exp symone to lasing al este fess eee es

Poriemance and course cupricace. They ndoetd that he apposch to Ieshng is ea indspendat predictor oF est

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ourna of College Teaching & Learning ~ Fst Quarter 2016 Volume 13, Number 1

erfrmarce, Sarna sl (2073) fel tha sfc nel dap agmmasshes ka learns tn raise
of ecedamie prstonsence. Choy. Grads and Rotgens (2012) tela’ thet seeders approach o Jara 2°

ih precon f acaneacbivemert DWT Hoyle Danley. al ee (2M) ste! ha the
futas.au0 strategie approeces are woe prodctoce cf aedeaieechioroteay, Lizze, Wis. aad Saas (2
‘llrwsnal tha the sles in nog fee poco 9 GD.s tha deep oma oy lear
funoag collage student. Burton aad Seton (2007) fosd tha desp pgeoachor vo Istnung cannot poitsly
frie cadens ahieser

eo ths tay vk deere hetier he apache a ean sul pe are gical cole a
Pas ia cay shldhood swccote seston Inadltion. entra of th aesy ano dace i appcoaes 0
Nari ne seven abe GPA early enn esti sae

Vine spe of mean sly terse sare dhl wn sively pail a ossreoeieron
sesuble (Creswell 2008) Pecditionstosis ars conduste in odor defermise the prediction of th iby
Ihsan loses in wns esl chvoe ne inca isn nai peeing oh Cy, Mil
& Aussies, 2009, A prediction sudy i used a5 a dfereat design in coclation rosea ard examined the
sre einer sashes tc, Spiny, 3 Velie, 2070) In pratt les, celal afer
{bow hoor a vasebls i priced Went variable Qchilla. 2008) The model ofthe presear sdy i &
fraction ly moe sn lest he oa elton ppnaies tn aso a ge to ely ed
bevostionsidest’ GPA

Pareelpants

Tae sempling ofthe sy consis of 166 students in toa (158 fouls and 8 mals) whe studisd atthe Georgia
Souther Unive (SU) fn the Listed Sle of Amaricy Cllege a Tsui, Testing soe Leanne
Department, Ealy Child Edvewtion program

‘Seudy Process Questlonnaire

Tae Sméy Process Qusstonnate wes devsloped by Biggs (1987. The quesioamire contin 13 ems and tice
infact namely dan, sifice, al achiever Tie Revise Tite alr Shaly Powsrs Quetonete (82O-
IF), whch wae revises by Biggs otal (2001), wae ed a this study. The rviod two-str qneswoneale ae
“leveled in rr Io ale ethics lo eshte the leaning enone tai carts an xn 2
‘as. Ts 130 subfactor ofthe uestionsne ac the docp approach, Which bs ¢ Cronbach's elzha content
{UTE ne esac npc coh es Crombass ha epee 9 84, ch sho les To er
208 alts itu inthe queloancr ae posite. The mesimu sore that canbe bteao! thom the questionnaire
SS heen theron sme 20 (igs el, 200)

aaa GPA. ws colle acing he sudan slept he fossa af ution hn tte
(GPA. gender, and age. The GPA conosponéed tthe gevel evregs of all esse grads in hs fourth aad
‘Sevecles rng evr lslane thn seen ees son senses CSUs CO

tench is war elles dang the sing verano GSLs COM in 2014 The Sly Pracss Queso
08 ths prsoal sfomstion fom wore eauastre ff 86 junior and 68 scar stedens. Ths insane! Was

sere 12 snl ay ae synthe sec case he father via lhe Qual ne
‘vserch survey) ueee Uy ths Gooraia Sorta Uae

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Lite sepresson iy ese fr deer he cores fn ole sl cites nsf the has
coohnig fr combining to or mots pricier variables (Freel & Walica, 2008) Thertoe, mips retesion
Poti te olf he aly Une vnrlatons the scone ova ie Shady Sines Quests al
fngsa” age o GPa ofre tose vag ths Peaoa eosoet Mautat Cvslton 2a order to Steniae whet ths
‘Sines l fom Uhe Say Proce Quetrisne a salen" sm lager jc GOA the wali
‘Seresioa analyse was tod

RESULTS

1 this scetioa. the sess of ho Pearson Proder-Moment Colton, which was catog out i err to deteaine
‘sale thee ote gical elton bette ely sit enn lens” approaches leaning ae al
(GPAs. acs provided. In eddiuon scsus ofthe mulepleretesion anlis. which wes coaducted re decimuse

‘Shattareny hil can sas agnoachen io ler alge gels pail CPAs ar oe,

Acsrng in ables lave the ges san nthe a apmvich slo nl Ue el ea the
sorta approsch vbiater

ogres o hing sl ne ites ee

Sanesessbaanaens wae! aT aA

4s shown in Tebl 2 tote ois no coletion bomen studeare” GPA aad the dup eppeaeth ead the sutacs
Sppuoach Thornes acgat satonhip rwcen student’ CPA aad approshs roaring tal sso, Taste Wat
exail vers been salen gee he ace sqyrclas. hares ens beineen sense
{tnt coop apprentice Thee was sonciton otwcen smdsat? epproeshslecning fel ste Soup agcoach aad
‘tice ppc Tae ost see el nals even salen age al CP

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Table foul of is alpen sui egg
de pie of UPAs Us aorenas ues lr soe a age

Asn in able snl poche ol sce lenin. ge ogee dy oly thie GP a

f signleat level * 258) Sradons’approeces to Teamung tel score ane age togetaercxpleia 031 of ths
Sorsnce su OPA Wher | exe the el rs ara he seme thereon cel cers,
bbservd tit only ege isa sigalieaeprcictor of GPAs it vaedetruincd thet ths dosp proesh hs eatace
smc al roaches to leg tl sarasota sleet int eve

ii ty, ich red deersine wher the apres i hein aul aie ie sicily rele a
(GPAs i caly child cducetion stdoats and to deterauns feppreschcs 9 Ieambe sad age siansicanly predict,
GbAs inan'y chills sdacaton shunt yee th login resale

eve tens” GPA snd he dey apr the staface appr wor emeaton found. Rel af mei
evils suppor thle Hading. ex tllow. In ¢ tist-analie study by Weteias Q00L). it was detimand tan ths
‘ete of the core havea pymiches larga scales sive rage e111 168
7.8 pariclents Hors 15 sonutise. Holkkla aad Lonka (2006) fousé alow postive rltloadp bemresa
ens aage al he ap roach to len, Del (20) serine meptve selon ble the
Sautacs appscoch end ecedoule achievement and found tht cp sustgy etccd cadomic chicyaseat Disc
(Gin fe pois comelstionHeteer eas sures the dep sgich Diels (200) deel
‘sgucertaegasclatonshipGervecaechurotnet aad the stace epgoach and a posse eltoasip bere
ilveveren Uh dey pel, Mathews, Llane Gah (207) oan latest ce
Teaming aad echiorouiout suatcay and a acgati association berwscn deep lear and suace suaiey. Mohd
Rab ol Sania Teal (2I18)fvanl tive rlatinstiy even deep sygmoncher sed scene
perfomance and e asgeistslatiomhip bomveca the suticeeppreach ad cxaminevon fru, Roca (2012)
apie tht the ee sd ince lesen roaches ere regicely vest seen. Zee (1998)
etomncd esuone pestis eovelation (1) bersea ths deep approsch te Ieaalng aad academe ahlcvossat and
helena the deep sel ees amiga wt pniely aver wil aie achieved
fend the tn sztseletaag approach was aegatrsy rele to academe ekueverset, Heine (2009) reported that
there ss sic sna jive ervlton etwas slant eve al achinveveh se ees
Fearing approeches edhe hse Was a sigan and ncgtiverlasonsh Besse ths uric Ieaangapprsach
rot ttncena

Under the Fgh of dice Bangs can he suggest tha the rss of ry sly aren pall with movin
rescaich The fadiags of provions suds which lasestigetod te scliioasip of desp and Surge approaches 1S
{GDN signin ny iting the egy roach ines arene el he sures spc sone ecco Ihe
fendsaty OPAn bores

1 thi std, Ld at ad gaan cleioahipbscnosn sede GPA aud appcoacss to lecniag teal sos

Ti Ping show Ul sie graces tal Toa snes vl alae tn GPA. “he Grating em
splined by te fac tht ths sudeat” GPAS ore packed in speci acral. Another explanation is that thee
me ers differen Cire alecing ie CIP se hertine | ld nol deere 4 seen ean

between GPA end the approsbes to leiag wal sso. Ia ay ey thre was aogatirerletonabip bemeea
Sai ges ace mph Insny iy hares asain ela bate sland ye ed he

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les smashes Slant” ges were sles to apanoacas oal seone 9 learn, Age sto se
‘uputcen tect oa ths evs of eam approesee

Sradous approaches total scores of Iamiag and ag topstse did ut predic tir GPG at sgnticent evel Ia

the leratirs pclae in eae were pore tn pret GPAs sas level, weve, ine
‘neoasistar with tas su. His bought that anmcres factors ast the prcsction of students GPAS. These
frctre incite aligence, ain, sulin Bobi il, thin sill e\eTReaey. al alien. hese

fhctts ae considered toe upotautvatebes inthe predict of GPA. In addition. the tat tt the stdsu
GbAs ware packed fu spesife real ntl he the ce al at hein ble a yee Gy apg a
Dearne and age tops.

Lioaadons
‘Te panisipats ofthe stay only coast of the json and sone studars tou, GSU, College of Edveston aad
fatale suar, the an of thes ws glare ig eo, the aie he Sit Hadas
\Guosionanis” end GPAs sudan eal cxpcssous fom GSU Colige of Education

‘Recomendatlons for Further Research

‘Under the ligt of cur ests. theft

uggsstions em bs mad

+ Troan be investigated whether approaches Icaming end ag tgs: predict aeadomic achiever
‘nines sot sles oh sly her clages of elton, fs sl leasing, ely
childhood sduetsn programs in Stecar sts of mice.

+ Tecan be uvonigated whsther Gootga Sours University COE", junior abd senior dears
rmvaches to eign are ell > GBA tll eine Una the oil co
owe sel

1 The ste agnmosc lene scares fom GSU! sal Calle baton ithe State of Get
‘which is ons ofthe secre ses inthe USA ad stdout” egos can be usd f ssesugas If they all
Drsdict sudenseeadnieechsrouiont inher course.

The erie ad ai ene of the palate reseoe eas bee Bl i he
Jearang appogsbse ofthe Colles of Evestion state sudving ot discs stats of ths USA aad
GSU ceo be to pot The chases sons verre level pil th sian
sshsvonaite,

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Bars Cetin an assistant geottece in Elmcotay Edaton a Conakale 18 Mach Unity Tasks. He
sine Hs Hacelons Degree an esos For Cake 18 Mar Univers ane aso hs rer
Soo He seed he POD. in Elsmentry Edyosion in 2907 tom Masoare Unsvssig. Dr. Coua was a vatiag
‘essa Profs a Gg Soe very fy the ie Sse of Arve F201 ly S04 ele
post Secor ella ia the Sioa res Universi Canade toa 2015 to 2014. His cescah intrest usines
Fllticny, ssidarte iathatin, an svelte shill sel-maeuted earings teacher baton
fppreachs serine and prcsertce ache edeation.

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Copyright by author); CC-BY 26 The Clare Dstare
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Copyright by author); CC-BY ” The Clare Dosctare
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