ERIC ED474857: A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manual Series.

101 Pages·2003·2 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 474 857
CG 032 306
AUTHOR
Goldman, Jill; Salus, Marsha K.; Wolcott, Deborah; Kennedy,
Kristie Y.
A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The
TITLE
Foundation for Practice. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manual
Series.
PUB DATE 2003-00-00
NOTE
100p.; Produced by the Administration for Children, Youth and
Families, Children's Bureau.
HHS-282-98-0025
CONTRACT
AVAILABLE FROM
National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect
Information, 330 C Street, SW, Washington, DC 20447. Tel:
800-394-3366 (Toll Free); Fax: [phone]; e-mail:
[email protected]. For full text:
http://www.calib.com/nccanch/pubs/
usermanuals/foundation/foundation.pdf.
PUB TYPE
Guides
Non-Classroom (055)
EDRS PRICE
EDRS Price MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
*Child Abuse; *Child Neglect; *Child Welfare; Community
Cooperation; *Community Responsibility; Compliance (Legal);
Guides; Identification; Law Enforcement; Legal
Responsibility; *Prevention
IDENTIFIERS
*Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting
ABSTRACT
Child abuse and neglect is a community concern. Each
community has a legal and moral obligation to promote the safety, permanency,
and well-being of children, which includes responding effectively to child
maltreatment. At the State and local levels, professionals assume various
roles and responsibilities ranging from prevention, identification, and
reporting of child maltreatment to intervention, assessment, and treatment.
Child protective services (CPS) agencies, along with law enforcement, play a
central role in receiving and investigating reports of child maltreatment. To
protect children from harm, CPS also relies on community members to identify
and report suspected cases of child maltreatment, including physical abuse,
sexual abuse, neglect, and psychological maltreatment. Many community
professionals are involved in responding to child abuse and neglect and
providing needed services. This manual provides an overview of the problem of
child abuse and neglect and the prevention and intervention processes. It
describes not only the activities involved in child protection, but also the
roles and responsibilities of various community members in conducting these
activities and working collaboratively. It is intended to provide the basic
information that professionals and the public need to become involved in, and
enhance, their community's response to child maltreatment. Three appendixes
present a glossary of terms, resource listings of selected national
organizations concerned with child maltreatment, and state toll-free
telephone numbers for reporting child abuse.
(GCP)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
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as
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Minor changes have been made to
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A Coordinated Response
to Child Abuse and Neglect:
The Foundation for Practice
Jill Goldman
Marsha K. Salus
with
Deborah Wolcott
Kristie Y. Kennedy
2003
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Administration for Children and Families
Administration' on Children, Youth and Families
Children's Bureau
Office on Child Abuse and Neglect
3
Table of Contents
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PURPOSE AND OVERVIEW
1.
WHAT ARE THE PHILOSOPHICAL TENETS OF CHILD PROTECTION?
2.
Key Principles of Child Protection
Philosophical Tenets
10
WHAT IS CHILD MALTREATMENT?
13
3.
Definitions in Federal Law
13
Sources of Definitions in State Law
15
General Definitions by Type of Maltreatment
16
WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM?
23
4.
23
Reported Child Maltreatment Victims
24
Child Maltreatment Perpetrators
Nonreported Child Abuse and Neglect
25
27
WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?
5.
28
Parent or Caregiver Factors
29
Family Factors
32
Child Factors
Environmental Factors
33
34
Protective Factors
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?
35
6.
36
Health and Physical Effects
37
Cognitive Development and Academic Achievement
37
Emotional, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Development
38
Resilience
A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice
4
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO PREVENT CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?
41
7.
Prevention as a Strategy
41
Types of Prevention Activities
42
Major Prevention Program Models
43
Role of Various Entities in Prevention Efforts
47
WHICH LAWS AND POLICIES GUIDE PUBLIC INTERVENTION
8.
IN CHILD MALTREATMENT?
51
The Federal Role in Addressing Child Abuse and Neglect
51
Basis for State Intervention
55
WHAT DOES THE CHILD PROTECTION PROCESS LOOK LIKE?
59
9.
Identification
59
Reporting
61
Intake
65
Initial Assessment or Investigation
66
68
Family Assessment
Planning
70
70
Service Provision
Evaluation of Family Progress
71
Case Closure
72
10. WHO SHOULD BE INVOLVED IN CHILD PROTECTION
73
AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL?
73
Child Protective Services
73
Law Enforcement
Educators and Early Child Care Providers
74
Health Care Providers
75
Mental Health Professionals
75
Legal and Judicial System Professionals
75
77
Substitute Care Providers
Faith Community
77
Community Organizations and Support Services Providers
77
Concerned Citizens
78
HOW CAN ORGANIZATIONS WORK TOGETHER TO PROTECT CHILDREN?
79
11.
Principles to Guide Collaboraton
79
Effective LeadershipAn Essential Component of Successful Collaboration
80
Collaborative Models
81
Conclusion
81
ENDNOTES
83
Table of Contents
5
APPENDICES:
APPENDIX AGLOSSARY OF TERMS
91
APPENDIX BRESOURCE LISTINGS OF SELECTED NATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH CHILD MALTREATMENT
97
APPENDIX CSTATE TOLL-FREE TELEPHONE
NUMBERS FOR REPORTING CHILD ABUSE
103
A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice
6
Each day, the safety and well-being of some
The Office on Child Abuse and Neglect (OCAN)
children across the Nation are threatened by
within the Children's Bureau of the Administration
child abuse and neglect.
for Children and Families (ACF), U.S. Department
Intervening effectively
of Health and Human Services (DHHS), has
in the lives of these children and their families
developed this third edition of the User Manual
is not the sole responsibility of any single agency
or professional group, but rather
Series to reflect the increased knowledge base and
shared
a
is
The updated and
the evolving state of practice.
community concern.
new manuals are comprehensive in scope while also
Since the late 1970s, the Child Abuse and Neglect
succinct in presentation and easy to follow, and
User Manual Series has provided guidance on
they address trends and concerns relevant to today's
to hundreds of thousands of
protection
child
professional.
and
concerned
multidisciplinary
professionals
This manual, A Coordinated Response to Child
The User Manual Series
community members.
foundation for understanding child
Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice,
provides
a
provides the keystone for the series.
maltreatment and the roles and responsibilities of
The manual
definition,
and
various practitioners in its prevention, identification,
the
addresses scope,
causes,
investigation, assessment, and treatment. Through
consequences of child abuse and neglect. The manual
the years, the manuals have served as valuable
also presents an overview of prevention efforts and
the child protection process from identification and
building promoting
for
knowledge,
resources
reporting through investigation and assessment to
enhancing community
and
practices,
effective
service provision and case closure.
Because child
collaboration.
protection is a multidisciplinary effort, the manual
Since the last update of the User Manual Series in
describes the roles and responsibilities of different
the early 1990s, a number of changes have occurred
professional groups and offers guidance on how
that dramatically affect each community's response
the groups can work together effectively to protect
to child maltreatment.
The changing landscape
the safety, permanency, and well-being of children.
increased recognition of the complexity
reflects
The primary audience for this manual includes
of issues facing parents and their children, new
new child protective services (CPS) caseworkers
legislation, practice innovations, and system reform
and other professionals working with children and
Significant advances in
research have
efforts.
families. Schools of social work may add it to class
helped shape new directions for interventions, while
reading lists to orient students to the field of child
ongoing evaluations help us to know "what works."
In addition, other professionals and
protection.
A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice
EST COPY AVAILA
7
concerned community members may consult the
Series. These include, for example, Child Protective
manual for a greater understanding of child abuse
Services: A Guide for Caseworkers and The Role of
Educators in the Prevention and Treatment of Child
and neglect.
Abuse and Neglect. More detailed information on
to accompany each
This manual
intended
is
specific topics can be found in the profession-
User Manual
profession-specific manual in
the
specific and special issue manuals.
This manualalong with the entire Child Abuse and Neglect User Manual Seriesis available from the
National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information. Contact the Clearinghouse for a full
list of available manuals and ordering information:
National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information
330 C Street, SW
Washington, DC 20447
Phone: (800) FYI-3366 or [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
The manuals also are available online at www.calib.com/nccanch/pubs/usermanual.cfm.
LE
4
AVAILA
BEST COPY
Preface
8
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PRIOR EDITIONS
PRIMARY AUTHORS
This manual,
Jill Goldman, M.B.A., a consultant with Caliber
originally
published
in
1992
as
A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and
Associates, has spent the last 10 years conducting
Neglect: A Basic Manual by Diane DePanfilis and
on
publications
and writing child
research
maltreatment and other issues related to children,
Marsha K. Salus, was revised and expanded by Jill
youth, and families.
Goldman and Marsha K. Salus in 2002. The first
She previously served
as
manager of product development and program
edition of the manual was published in 1979 as
A Community Approach: The Child Protection
services for the National Clearinghouse on Child
Coordinating Committee by James L. Jenkins,
Abuse and Neglect Information.
Robert A. MacDicken, and Nancy J. Ormsby. The
social work
Marsha
Salus,
K.
M.S.W.,
a
is
prior work informed and contributed significantly
consultant. She has worked in the child welfare field
to the content of this publication.
for 27 years. She began her career as a CPS worker
and supervisor. She has developed several national
REVIEWERS
curricula for child welfare workers and supervisors.
She developed a number of preservice and inservice
training programs for child welfare workers and
Diane DePanfilis, Ph.D.
supervisors in a variety of States.
She has worked
University of Maryland at Baltimore
with several States to establish standards of practice
School of Social Work
for child welfare supervision.
Sgt. Richard Cage
Montgomery County Police Department
CONTRIBUTORS
Family Services Division
Wayne Holder
Deborah Wolcott, Ph.D., Fairfax County Public
National Resource Center on Child Maltreatment
Schools, developed the chapter on prevention.
Sandi McLeod
Kristie Y. Kennedy, J.D., M.A., American Bar
National Clearinghouse on
Association, provided input on the Federal basis for
Child Abuse and Neglect Information
intervention and statutory issues.
A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice
9
BEST COPY AVAILABIN
Barry Salovitz
TECHNICAL ADVISORY PANEL
Child Welfare Institute/National Resource Center
on Child Maltreatment
Glenmont, NY
The following were members of the January 2001
Technical Advisory Panel for the User Manual Series
Sarah Webster
contract. The organizations identified reflect each
Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory
member's affiliation at that time.
Services
Austin, TX
Carolyn Abdullah
FRIENDS National Resource Center
Ron Zuskin
Washington, DC
University of Maryland at Baltimore
School of Social Work
Lien Bragg
Baltimore, MD
American Public Human Services Association
Washington, DC
The following members were subsequently added to
the Technical Advisory Panel:
Sgt. Richard Cage
Montgomery County Police Department
William R. (Reyn) Archer III, M.D.
Wheaton, MD
Hill and Knowlton, Inc.
Washington, DC
Diane DePanfilis, Ph.D.
University of Maryland at Baltimore
Douglas Besharov
School of Social Work
American Enterprise Institute
Baltimore, MD
Washington, DC
Pauline Grant
David Popenoe, Ph.D.
Florida Department of Children and Families
National Marriage Project
Jacksonville, FL
Princeton, NJ
Jodi Hill
Bob Scholle
Connecticut Department of Children and Families
Independent Consultant
Hartford, CT
Pittsburgh, PA
Robert Ortega, Ph.D.
Brad Wilcox, Ph.D.
University of Michigan School of Social Work
University of Virginia
Ann Arbor, MI
Department of Sociology
Charlottesville, VA
Nancy Rawlings
Kentucky Cabinet for Families and Children
Frankfort, KY
4
Acknowledgments
1 0