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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 469 192 CE 083 746 Pongrac, Silvije, Ed. AUTHOR Adult Education in Croatian Society. TITLE (Croatia). Faculty of Philosophy. INSTITUTION Rijeka Univ. ISBN-953-6104-24-5 ISBN 1999-00-00 PUB DATE NOTE 177p. Collected Works General (020) PUB TYPE EDRS Price MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. EDRS PRICE *Adult Education; *Adult Learning; Adult Literacy; Business DESCRIPTORS Education; Continuing Education; *Delivery Systems; Economic Development; Education Work Relationship; *Educational Environment; Educational History; *Educational Needs; Educational Objectives; Educational Opportunities; *Educational Planning; Educational Policy; Educational Trends; Foreign Countries; Instructional Development; Job Training; Labor Force Development; Learning Theories; Lifelong Learning; Literacy Education; Needs Assessment; Privatization; Retraining; School Business Relationship; State of the Art Reviews; Theory Practice Relationship; Trend Analysis *Croatia; Learning Communities IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT This document contains eight papers on adult education in Croatian society. "Basic Characteristics of Croatian Adult Education up to These Days" (Silvije Pongrac, Ilija Lavrnja) highlights key trends in the development of Croatian adult education. "Adult Education in Croatia Based on Social Changes" (Anita Klapan) discusses Croatian adult education within the context of the social changes since Croatia's independence in 1990. "Social Changes and Values as a Context in Adult Education" (Boris Banovac) examines the relationship between social changes and values in societies in transition. "Differentiation and Individualisation in Adult Education" (Ilija Lavrnja) discusses the problems of differentiation and individualization within the context of the theory and practice of andragogy. "Strongholds of Analyzing and Planning Adult Education" (Silvijc Pongrac) considers educational needs, educational conditions, and educational possibilities from the standpoint of strongholds for planning adult education. "Types of Formal Adult Education--Possibilities and Limitations" (Sofija Vrcelj) assesses the types of formal education available to individuals needing retraining, advanced training, and specialized training. "Adult Basic Education and Literacy Development, Problems and Tendencies" (Renata Cepic) discusses need for additional adult basic education, literacy education, and lifelong learning opportunities in Croatia. "Innovating Learning of Employees during Transition of the Economy in the Republic of Croatia" (Vidoje Vujic) discusses how the trend toward privatization has been reflected in business education in Croatia. Most papers include substantial bibliographies. Information about the authors is included. (MN) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ADULT EDUCATION IN CROATIAN SOCIETY '7,17 Ot- ' ,r D I. D II ; t . ; . . 11 ; . I S 11 II 'II . II . I BEST COPY AVAILABLE Faculty of Philosophy in Rijeka Publisher: Faculty of Philosophy in Rijeka Dean: Goran Kalogjera, Professor Ph. D. Reviewers Fakulteta za organizacijske vede, Kranj Jurij Jug, Professor Ph. D. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu Milan Matijevie, Professor Ph. D. Contributors:. Boris Banovac Renata Cepie Anita Klapan Ilija Lavrnja Silvije Pongrac Sofija Vrcelj Vidoje Vujie Printed by Sugak tiskara Modrie Number of copies 250 ADULT EDUCATION IN CROATIAN SOCIETY Edited by Silvije Pongrac Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci Faculty of Philosophy in Rijeka Rijeka, 1999. 3 /4 Katalogizacija u publikaciji CIP Sveuaili§na knjiinica Rijeka UDK 37. 013. 83 (497.5) = 20 CIP 7/99 Adult education in croatian society/ <contributors Boris Banovac ... et al.>; edited by Silvije Pongrac Rijeka : Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci = Faculty of Philosophy in : graf. prikazi; 21 cm Rijeka, 1999. 187 str. 186. Summaries. Biografije i bibliografije autora: str. 163 ISBN 953 6104 24 5 1. Banovac, Boris 2. Pongrac, Silvije 990709017 Contents Preface 7 Silvije Pongrac, Ilija Lavrnja Basic Characteristics of Croatian Adult Education up to these Days 9 Anita Klapan Adult Education in Croatia Based on Social Changes 31 Boris Banovac Social Changes and Values as a Context in Adult Education 45 Ilija Lavrnja Diferentiation and Individualisation in Adult Education 67 Silvije Pongrac Strongholds of Analizing and Planing Adult Education 83 Sofia Vrcelj Tipes of Formal Adult Education 109 Renata eepie Adult Basic Education and Literacy-Development, Problems and Tendencies 125 Vidoje Vujie Innovating Learning of Employees During Transition of the Economy in the Republic of Croatia 145 Appendix: Note on the authors 161 Preface the book Adult Education In Croatian in Society, the contributions of seven authors have been published. All seven authors are researchers on the scientific project Adult Education in Croatia Based on Social Changes. The researchers are: Silvije Pongrac, Professor Ph.D., (Principal Investigator); Ilija Lavrnja, Ph.D., Professor; Boris Banovac, Ph.D., Assistant Professor; Anita Klapan, Ph.D., Assistant Professor; Sofija Vrcelj, Ph.D., Assistant Professor; Vidoje Vujie, Ph.D., Assistant Professor; Renata Cepic, M.A., Assistant. Each is an expert in his or her own specialized field, which determine their approaches and engagement in the Project, hence they have chosen to publish the broader aspects of the subject matter they are dealing with in the research. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Croatia is supporting the Project. We are publishing the book in English. The practice of printing specialized literature in one of the languages of worldwide use, especially English, is a prevalent custom, particularly in less populous and smaller countries. Thereby the publications become accessible to a wider circle of readers since the language barriers are eliminated. We hope that this book will find its way into the hands of experts at home and abroad. We express our gratitude to everybody who has contributed to the publishing of the book and special thanks to the professional reviewers. Silvije Pongrac Silvije Pongrac Ilija Lavrnja BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CROATIAN ADULT EDUCATION UP TO THESE DAYS Summary.- This paper brings to light main tendencies in the Most essential development of Croatian adult education. characteristics of this branch of the educational system are being analysed -Within the context of social and economic transformations. To start with, seven develpmental phases have been stressed. Efforts have been invested to study the reciprocal connections between andragogical theory and practice, which have both been exposed to the most diverse influences, as well as efforts in the search of original solutions. Key words.- Adult education,- Training,- Forms of adult education: formal, non formal, informal education Approach to the periodical division of adult education The basic thesis of this paper is: "Croatian adult education is characterised by a continual evolution". This continuity is expressed by means of an uninterrupted educational process, as well as its accompanying changes. Within the studied period the overall development of adult education has been uninterrupted, but qualitative and quantitative changes of this activity were evident. While studying the above-mentioned activity one is obliged to consider the necessity of a periodical division within these processes 9 of evolution. Each attempt of periodicalisation of a process of evolution carries in itself a certain risk, especially regarding the aspect of criteria that are used in order to carry out a particular periodical division. Quite often, the same, but differently applied and periodicalisations criteria with result, both, different classifications, therefore different evaluations of corresponding the most apparent case being the one of the history of the periods development of educational systems. Hereupon, various "points of view" and more recent "forces of power" play an important role. Dogmatic, post-war period has bequeathed us with a too much biased "black-white" technique of ascribing inferiority and primitivism to everything that was achieved before World War II. Quite a lot was passed over in silence, while, on the other hand, the revolutionary, progressive post-war development of education, was glorified. But andragogical theory and practice managed to resist these because they have pressures and prejudices quite successfully always been considerably permeated with ideas coming from the developed world and less characterised by isolation and one- sidedness, which were more accentuated in some other branches of the educational system. Nevertheless, when the history of adult education, classification of periods and analyses are being discussed, a dosage of circumspection, not only towards utilitarian oriented past accounts but also those more recent and slightly different ones, is necessary.' Regarding this work a decision has been brought to analyse adult education within the context of social, economic, cultural and political conditions in Croatia. Besides reciprocal connections between social environment and andragogical theory and practice, interaction of practice and theory has also been taken into consideration, as well as total, overall results, progresses, stagnation, into account, determine the even regressions, which, taken periodicalisation as well as each specific period. Consequently, Croatian adult education has been analysed divided into the 10 following phases: adult education at the beginning of 20th century and between the two world wars adult education during World War II adult education from 1945 until the early 50-s adult education from the early 50-s until 1965 adult education from 1965 until 1980 adult education in the 80-s adult education after the demolition of the Berlin Wall Each of these seven phases is distinguished by some domineering traits, which are characteristic for a particular period. Phase one: Adult education at the beginning of 20th century and between the two world wars Croatian adult education of the period at the beginning of this century and between the two world wars should, above all, be analysed from the aspect of the continuity of andragogical theory and practice, which was based upon the Idea of "enlightenment of masses", and which had, in fact, helped create the foundations of the entire system of adult education. It should be mentioned here that the contents and forms of adult education of the preceding period had been imbued with ideas of revival and enlightenment against foreign authorities as well as aspiration towards independence. The Illyrian Head-quarters, later called The Croatian Head-quarters (Matica ilirska / Matica hrvatska) and the Ccoatian Pedagogical Literary Society2 had had outstanding roles in these processes. At the beginning of this century, just before World War I broke out, andragogical activities in Croatia were very vivid. Endeavours . were being made to set in order and conceptually and theoretically organise the system of adult education according to the previously acquired experiences in this segment of education, experiences conceived upon the idea of enlightenment. It was just in that period that new andragogical institutions were founded, first of all popular 11