ERIC ED447989: The Carolinas, Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow: An Exploration of Social and Economic Trends, 1924-1999.

116 Pages·1999·11.9 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
RC 022 673
ED 447 989
Autry, George B.; Guillory, Ferrel
AUTHOR
The Carolinas, Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow: An Exploration of
TITLE
Social and Economic Trends, 1924-1999.
MDC, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
INSTITUTION
PUB DATE 1999-00-00
228p.; Photographs may not reproduce adequately. Funded by
NOTE
the Duke Endowment.
AVAILABLE FROM For full text: http://www.mdcinc.org/the_carolinas.htm.
PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) Reports Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE
MFO1 /pC10 Plus Postage.
Community Health Services; Economic Development; Education
DESCRIPTORS
Work Relationship; Educational Attainment; *Educational
Trends; Employment Patterns; Higher Education; Hospitals;
*Modernization; *Philanthropic Foundations; Poverty; Racial
Relations; Resistance to Change; Rural. Areas; *Rural
Development; Social Change; *Sociocultural Patterns; State
History
*North Carolina; Orphanages; *South Carolina
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
James B. Duke established the Duke Endowment in 1924. This
document examines what the Carolinas have accomplished since that time--both
through the endowment's investments and otherwise--and what remains to be
achieved. The first chapter describes the Carolinas' of the 1920s. While the
rest of the nation enjoyed economic prosperity, the rural Carolinas
experienced poverty and ignorance. Mr. Duke's hydroelectric industry
initiated a start towards urbanization and industrialization, but the area's
longstanding tradition of resistance to change was reflected in the rise of
the Ku Klux Klan and Jim Crow laws. The second chapter recounts Mr. Duke's
strategy for improving the Carolinas. His endowment concentrated on the
Carolinas and sought not only to enable economic development but also to
foster improvements for Blacks and Whites in higher education, health care,
and children's care, and to support the rural Methodist Church. The third
describes the Carolinas of today: industrialized, diversified, with
chapter
an increasing population and an increased educational level. However, the
area still lags behind the nation in college graduates, child poverty, and
health care. Racial relations between Whites and Blacks are much improved,
but the area is now coping with new populations of Latinos and Asians. The
fourth chapter is a discussion among distinguished Carolinians about these
trends and how foundations are uniquely positioned to promote and foster
innovation for improving the economic, social, and physical health of
individuals, families, and communities. Appendices contain roundtable
participants, literary and visual arts contributors, and 55 sources of data
and art.
(TD)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
N
Y
S
S
O
n
B
t
I
E
n
s
H
o
I
st
e

a
T
n
C
N
i
D i
m
T
t
h

A
e
a
d
O
"
R
e
t

E
s
M
z
)

e
E
v
I
n
e
C
i
U
o
T
c
o
T
n
R
i
C
r
r

u
t
A
a
I
O p
N
p d

O
R
e
d
U
g
e
C
m
e
F
S
d
o
A
r
r
E
y
t
I
U
D
o

N
a
a

r
E
c
y
d
R
p
(

D
m
t
y
O
I
i
)
n
l
r

s
l
e
I

R
i
C
o
t
"
o
G
R
r
a
S
E

i
r
a
R
l
s
n

p
I

a
E

h
n
+
R
E
s

L
n
n
F
e

c
u
P
N
o
C
r
s
e
E
o
A
e
O
r
T
o
q
s
a
e
R
E
e
i
E
b
(

n
N

r
e
N
c

n
n
b
T

U
e
R
R
s
i
E
e
e
p
o
o
O

E
N
e
p
O
E
s
v
n

o
i
i
B
R
-

t
t
a
O
E
a
C
I
T

e
S
i
c

T
t
s
r
h

h
l
M
o
N
h
u
x
a
E
o
S
T

o

A

N
d n
t
c
n
y
t
E
s

R
p
T

n
A
w
o
o

m
I
C
e
r
N
C

R
o
O

i
e
I
,
r
t
L
e
g
t
H
R
a
I
d
o
p
U
i
m
O
A
A
i
n
I
c
v
r
e
g
E
T

P
t
u
f
D
a
N
u
L
I

n
r
n
d
f
O
S
A
d
h
E
c
O
o
e
A
E
i
e
E
t
c
e
o

D
S

M
a m
v
I

l
s

I

v
d
f
T
a
r o
n
E
o
R

0
I
t
u
i
o
S
i
R
A
n
M
e

r
i
c
s
e
g
H
c
n p
E

i
C
c
i
c
o
O
I
U
1
o f
i
i m
R
i
e r
T f
i
M
T
U
h
P
f
o d o
f
r
F
i
E
O

D
A
_
/
O
N
P
I
E
M
I
T
I
"
1
,
1
1
E
#
L
B
A
I
L
I
A
V
A

Y
P
O
C
I

T
S
E
B
p
I
.
S
Q

Cover art
Exiting Tunnel
Maud Gatewood, 1973
Acrylic on. canvas
50" a 56"
Private collection
Back cover art
clock-wise from upper left
Tunnel Descending
Maud Gatewood, 1974
Acrylic on canvas
50"
56"
Private collection
Tunnel
Snow
Maud Gatewood, 1974
Acrylic on canvas
50" a 56"
Private Collection
Tunnel
Fall
Maud Gatewood, 1973
Acrylic on mylar
50" a 56"
Courtesy of Bess Powell Autry
Tunnel & Rain
Maud Gatewood, 1974
Acrylic on canvas
50" a 56"
Rea Construction Co. Collection
W
O
R
R
O
M
O
T

-

Y
A
D
O
T

-

Y
A
D
R
E
T
S
E
Y
r
,
0
,
2
5
0
4
.
0
0
.
0
s
8
,
0
c
w
:
S
0
.
,
.
0
°
6
0
S
0
k
5
0
0
°
6
t
4
'
e
v

t
'
0
x
9
.
,
s
o
o
-

0
1
0
1
9
.
.
4
,
2
1
9
9
9
1
-
4
2
9
1

,
S
D
N
.
s
W
a
E
n
i
l
R
o
O
r
a
C
T

R
e
h

t
t
C
n

R
n
e
m
i

I
y
w
O
p
M
o
o
d
r
n
h
M
E
t
O
n

a
e
k l
O
i
N
u
h
D
p

s
T
O
e
'
h
e
r
T
k
e

u
C

h
f
-
D
o
c
l
s

r

y

s
l
E
a
n
r
n
y
e
Y
e
r
.
o
r
e
a
c
e
e
t o
r
h
t
s
n
u
o
t
i
n
t
t

e
c
s
d
a
i
t
A
R
l
d
D
u
I
o
A
t
h
E
l

i
r
E

i
c

T
,

M
T
,
u
.
C
d
u
r

B
g

o

N
n
G
B
e
D
.

D
n
t
a

D
h
.
i

e
i

S
d
s

t
g
l
M
s

g
e

E
A
e
y

r
a
h
O
m
m
r
o
b
r

n

e
o
a
r
h

a
y
a
t
d
a
e
e
e
t

a
M
J
b
e
u
d
F
T
L
G
f
i
L
n
c
o
A
A
o
o

y
i
s

A
s
r
s
s
-
a
A
i
s
m
r
I
e
m
Y
v
C
o
i
n
c
A
n
A

O
s
a
a

w
h
D
S
t

5
k
7
r

R
o

e
F
w
h

t
E
s

O
i
e
h
t
T
a
T
r

o
N
S
m
e
E
m
O
m
Y
o
I
c
T

o
t
A
R
O
L
P
X
E

N
A
4
z.`
.s
".>
,
<'
1',
ssy",
a
N.
k's "
sks'se '`
4?,,
YsS
s
ky.
5
\
nG
s'
%,\ \PV
ss<,
ss
.k.kk
t
.""\"".k,
s'skr
ss's
"
,
,pe
N.sskskk:
Akksk,: s*.k.k.P:>'7 ;;:is
..tt's;; ss$
S,
'
N
,4,3
47/
?..P
s
s
-
t
-
d
f
-
i
e
y
e
n
t
u
n
o
h
e
y
t
n
n
w
e
l
,
a
h
l
r
s
y
o
,
l
k
b
T

r
e
a
w
l
.
m
a
.
e
m
p
o
a
e
e
t
t
u
l
y
a

k
m
s
m
a

e
d n

a
f
k
t

o
l
t
h
w
s
o
a

t
.
r
r
s
u
k
i

p
h
h
o
n
s
e
c
n
m
e
e o
e
o
t
e l
;
t
h
e
o
b
r
e

o

d

t
i

a
t
p
e
d
r
v
m
w
r
t
n

y
o
d
r
a

s
u

t
e
u
d
e
a
a

m
u c
u

,
,
o

n
a
i
m
s
i
t
,
q
e
y
e
b
l

e
r p
n
e
t
h

.
o
o
a
E
r
t
r
b
a
u
n
h
k
c
e

o
v
h
l
r
m
s
a
p

i

e
e
e

l
o

e
n
p
e
d
f
t
o
e
o
r
o

i ,
e

a
r
f
m
a

W

o
m
s

t
f
y
h
p
r

h
o
I
o
n
i
t o
o
k

t

e
a
r

s
n
p
s
n
u

w

k
r
u
t
d
n
u
t
i

u
a
b

h
C
m
g
i
u
a

i
a

l

s

o
a
o
D
h
.
e

s

r
o

e
m
l
t

t
t
e
n
i
s
4
r
s
t
D
n
p
s
b
i
a
o

r
o

n
w

s

t
h
r
I
e
a
o
t
e
t
a
e
n
e
2
o
i
m
o
n
a

e
f
e

l
a
s
n
h
M
t
w
t
h
S
t

l
h
o
.
i

9

f

r
h

v
i

h
y
f
e
e
e
o
,

t
y
n
n

T
t
o
,
s
s
l
a
1
y
t
i

.
t

i
b
d
w

u
l
l
f

t
T
i
s
e
g
i
l
,
g
i
o

n
u
c
f
l
o
u

r

n

p
v
,

e
r
i
.
i
e
o
s
o
k

e
t

n
n
s
i
e
q
s
B
h
t
r
m
a
t
e r
l
u

n
t
t s
c
t

o
t
t
s

t
b
a
i
r
u
-
.
i
u
a
m
T
l
e
n
e
e
e
n
a
n
A
D
r
r
l

u
e
o

u

d
f
o
a
l m
d
b
u
r
m
c
e
w
h

e
o
r
i

e
e
o
p
b
.
f

d
y
i
s
n

m i

m
t
t
l
a
t
e
e r
t
s
s
r
d d
o o
e

5
u
o
y
d

u
u
a
h h
d
s f
g
s
u
t
e
k
n
h
e e
e r
e
7
f
c
t
o
a
M
a
i
o
C
b
t
t
e
r
r

f
o
i
i
h

p d
p
k
s
v
h

r

a
o
a

t
s
f

h
a

n
e
n
l
i
o
g
g
u
T
n
l
,

e
o

g

r
c
l
e
l

s
h
y
k
e
e
e
o
e
a
e
b
o
i
n
a

p
i
r
o

u
G
i
y
h
t
h
h
t
h
l
c
b
l
c

.
a
v
e
l

t
m
i
s

b
d
l
e
k
.
o
e
p
l
a
t

t
c
d
d
e
.

b

e
i
i

d
t
e

s
t
s

l

n
c
e
h
h
t
n
b
,
m
a
l
o
o
e
n
c
, a
r
s

l
s
m
a
d
s
r

t
a
s
o
e
i
t
U
t

u

s
i
c e
r
o
t

a
a
a
n
n
w

e

k
r
e
o
h
b
b
d

b
f
s
d
c
t
r
j
a
t
l
w
t
a
d

s
e
i
d

o
c
u
o
u
t

u
n

s

e
e
a
e
l
e
s
e
o
o
k

e
m
d
n
c
n
o
o r
c
r
r
f
l
a t
k
o

e
t
r
y
t
h
h
o
e
e
e
p a
n
a
o
a

n
s
e
r
l
d

e
u

m
e

,
c
t
t
s
t
d
h
o

a
i

f
,
a
s
a
t
5
t
w

o

n
s
i
D
d
h
e
t
e

n
C
t
s
o
t
n l
t
a

w
i
i
k
e
e
7
t
a
e
h
t

d
a

h
t
u

i
a
n

t
e
u
s
e
s
w
i

o
e
e

e

h
e
h
t
e

t
s
o
r
o
r
i
a
r
w
e
i
w
e y

r
v
b
o
m
t
t
T
a
t

l
e
r
s
,
w
p
t
k
a
e
n
W
e

l
o
t
s
r
o
l

i

'

t
n
d
e
l
a

s
e

s
p
u

h
o
c
y
s
a
e
s
f
r
e
a
t
f
e
e
e
s
a e
h
o
A
e
g
a
A

a
w
i
o

c
D
s
e

i
h
w
h
l
w
e
.
s
f
h
z
m
w
i
r

c
b
C
r
e
u
g
h
n
e
t
,
d
t
h
t

g
i

o
e
t
b

a
o
o

p
. n
l

t
r
n

s

e
t
d d
a
d
o
e
r
t
p
a
a
e
e
e
r

u
s

m
a
i
l
e
e
M
h
o
n n
e
n
f
r
o
t
e
h
r
G
r s
l
h
e
o
i
b
s
o
n p
a
a
s
b
t
t
a a
e a
r
t
s
t i
f
t
j
-
n
.
d
n
n
n
i
n
.
d
.
e
n

u
n
e
r
o
r
e
a
e
w
g
n
o
a
t ,
D
o
e
n
y
d
i
h
n
,
g
s
e
f
a
e
a
e
t
n
F
r
o
e
f
b
a
o
n
a
t
t
e
h
a
e
a
r

l
d
m

e
a
h
l
y

h

.
e

w
l

e r
a
,
l
h
c
t
w
s
a
.
.
s
t
e
l
o
n
B
h
l

u
T
b
b
r
t
s
t

e
u
i
i
l
i
c
d
w
o
u
c

,
a
D
C
i
a
t
t
h
a
a
h
t
i
s

t

e

s
d
u
m
-
e

C
t
n
a
l
d
v
r
n
t
s
u
n
a

c

t
a
e
g
t

e

u
e
B
e
e
e
t
d
a
s
y
e
a
i
e
h
s

t

i
p
n
a s
e
d
n

n
h
r
l
o
y
u
d
c
t
l
e

l
n
m
t

f
t
p

p
j
h
r
i
r
e
o

o
l
s
i

t
a
b i
l
t
r
e
n
o
n
l
g
u e
o
a
e
n
m
o
w
h
i
a

e
T
l
r
o

w
n
a
i

n
a
,
p
e
n
r
s

t
p
s
i
a
n
r

r
m
g
l
a
r

r
h

a
r
,
a
e
B
i
t
b

t
i
e
o
m
t
C
o
n
f
a
n
o
n
T
r

i
a
u
k
h
x
h
h
t

w
f
o
a

d
T
C

o
i
a
n

f
i
s
o

o
a
o
e

i
p
g
t
r
t
e
J
e

e

n
m
r
i

i

E
a
o
t
e
t
e
t

s

u
r
e
c
h
l
t
o
f
b
h
n
e
e
w

E
n
.
n
l
h s
a
r
o
p
o
r

h
a
s
r
o

d
f

a
h
h
e
t
u
o
.
e
o
i
y

n
M
t

s

l
e

t
h
h

f
e
c
m
t
g
e
o
t
e
t
l
i
p
f
t

e
i
b
s
a
F

o

n
e
s

t
n
w
k
t o
o
r
h
l
n
d
r
n
f

s
s

u
m

n
w
b
p
k

e
n
b
e
,
u
s
o
e
d

e
t
r
i
e
y
i
.
r
a
4
o
e
e

i
d

u
s
m
r
s
i
d
e
k

D
r
e

u
w
o
,
s
t s
s

s
2
D
l
a
t
S
s
u
d
d
i
D
h
i
n
t
u
g
r
s

h
p x
d
i
s
d r
s

u
9
o
e
b
o

a d
e
t
h
o
I
e
D g
a

o
e

e
o
n
r
e
e
o
h
p
,
l
1

e g

g
a
n
h
r
p

e
n
r

s
f
l
.
l
h
e
E
e
e
,

l

y

u
g

n
u
o
p
a
o
s
v
r
T

e
.
d
o
,
o
a
h
p
, p
t
n
t

r
a
t

o
n
n
i
f
I
f

t
k
i
e
c
i
l
w i
y
t
s

t
M
l
e

,
r
n

s
g
I
n
e

c
a a

f
i

e
w
e
l
k
i
d
i
u
a

e
n
a
s
h
s
v
d
o
i
y
n
a
g
d
u
n
r

r
h
h
c
u
a
e

a
D
d

o
a
t
e
i
t
e
e

i

i
o
d
t
o

d
e

t

g c
h

w
n
D
e
c
h
a
m
e
a
t
F
o
n
b
a
,

e

l

e
h
a
c

k

h
t
o
o
m
h
t
d
.
s

t
s
h
g
m
y
y

i t
h
r
a
a
t
u

s
n

a
m
c
t
e
i
s
e
t
n
a
f
p
e
r
M
t
s
i
l
r

v

A
t

s
W

e
i
o
o
h

i
s
e
, c
r
e
a a
e
M
a
w
e
d
d

s
d
a
m
s
i
e
n

c
t
f
T
a
o
M
k

k

e
t
r

n

e
y
n
e
s
e
,
.

o
v
, s

e
e

p
e

r
l
u
n
u
e
r
a
t

s
u
,
k
e
s
a
r
z
a
t

c
n
n
d
O
h
b
r
D

f
f
u
r g
d
D
o
D
A
,
r
w
f
u
r
i

a
e

p
i
k

e
e
a
t

P
c
n

e
o

e
n
i
f

l

o
D
h
o
f

t
m
h
s
e
i

.

n
i
f
o
t
g
h

.
. .
v
i
a o
e
y
m
h
l
t
m
t
s
i
m
r
n
o
B
y
s
r
a

a
o
T
v
e
e
W

w
i n
M
0
s
n
a
i
n
o

e
u
s
a
f

r m
d
c
l
o

a
r
t
y
a

c
r
s

s
i
o

c
b
g
o
h
.
h
F
t
e
e
i

r
n
e
r
t
m
n
e

y
5
'
i
r
a
a
l
a
i

a
w
d
i
d
i
g
d
r
r
r
t
o
m
l
s u
t
a
e e
e
e

u
t
t

e
i

i
n
a
a
i
n
s
i
e
s
a
c
m
e
p o
h h
h n
W
r
l
1
r
D
H
e
d
a
A
E
a
e
p
h
p d
e
F
c
s s
t t
t i
l
J
7
4
1
7
4
0
-
9
9

:
r
e
b
m
u
N

d
r
a
C
-

g
o
l
a
t
C
a
C
D

M
s
s

e
9
r
9
g
9
n
1
o
e

C
0

t
f
h
o
g

y
A
i
r
r
y
a
p
r
b
o
i
C
L
I
"
,
t
e
a
c
h
,
r
e
t
o

h
p
f
t
,
k
u

0
s
r
o
s
o
1
r
o
w
g
r

c
.
h
e
h
a
c
h
t

u
r
s
t

a
e
o
p
e
i
S
o
t
s
i

l
e
n
e
e
r
h
u
v

.
t
t
m
e

i
d
n
f
m
o

o
8
,
r
y

6
o
s
p
m
1
c
2
u
n

3
7
c
o
I
o
n

o
5
-
o
n
n
i
6

f
4
o

y

1
,
-
l
c
e
t
a
8
5
i
e
t
i
r
6
a
7
7

c
e
e
9
v
5
2
e
p
h

i
p
5

s
)
t
r
C
0
s

8
o
9
g
p
d
8

-
N
r
1
r

a
n
6
9
a
p
o
9

a

2

h
2
.

,
s
(
c
e
p
7
l
t
9

i
n
s
l
i
x
:

1

w i
e
a
.
i
.
)
e
H

c
c
c
n
9
e
x

d
n
n
o
,
r
1
o

o
y
l
m
c
I
I
t
9
h
e
B

r

n
C
s
C
(
t
p
p
.

i
w
n
k

.

e
a
:
D
D
O
d
u
r
x
w
l
h
o
e
n
o
M
a
M
.
C
w
w
P
T
a
c
F
s
e
y
-
v
b
b
r
d
a
,

e
n
a
t
n
s
s
o
n
a

e
e
i
t
i

t
n
l
f
t
n
a
o
i
s
e
l
c
o
i
r

m
l
u
a
l
i
a
a
t
C
d
w
a
i
u
r
e
d

t
t
o
h

i
s
n
r
d
r
t
u
e
u
i
u
n
p
d
h
o
o
E
n
s
n
g
0
f
S
a

i
i
0
d
e
e
m
h

5
a
d
n
h
n
t

r
a
n
a
f
3
n
i
T
a
a
v o
m
n
i
a

h

l
,
e
i
a
t
.

C
e
n
o
s
r
r
s
e
a
t
n
m
s
i
.
a
p
r
m
u

i
r
1
k
a
D
n
e
u
.
2
a
u
m
a
e

t
D
r
h
c
u
9
t
i
a
i
f
a
1
i
S
C
i
.
i
l
m
r r
r
C
.
l
D
a
V
2

h
r
e
i
o
.
e
D
0
e
g
a
.

s

h
g
h
m
D
,

0
P
m
h
r
i
h
w

4
r
e
t
w
,
C
I
.
o
P
.

a
t
o
-
e
E
C

.
t
M
c
B
t
I
-
.
n
E
,
r
6

r
r
C
n

e
h

i
2
d

.
I
s
J
p
,
o
,
o
e
n
V
y

t

, 6
7
e
r
I
s
n

'
P
s
n

,
0

r
e
.
e
r
n

m
N
,
o
I
t
.
h
n
,
3
d m
3
a
r
o
e

d
n
e
i
r
r
S
s
2

y
t

,
e
s
J
a
l
t
s
J
,
i
n
3
m m
t

n
f

e
n
a
n
w
k
a
r
8
s
u
r
n
w
)

e
r

m
y
g
a
a
n 9
t
y
,
o
e
,
s
d
e
p
4
r
w
n
G
2
r i
a
E
s
c
n
b
n
o
m
n
e
v G
o
w
o -
f
b
l
h
e
N
l
n
r
e
0
J
a
e

o
n

i
i
6
i
n
a
d
c
e
e
S
o
d
n
C
o
y
p

4
r
e
p
h
l
7

l
r
a
d

A
t
L
y
7
M
e
o
K
s
n
n
.
d
K
e

n
R
F
r
f
e
J
a
2
s
h

c

F
(
N
.
m
A M
J
o
T 3
n
s
E
k

T
s
e
h
E
i
t

9

S

.
.

.

p
:
S

e
,
e
.

.
C
M
.
A
H
e
.
e
a
G
.
h
.
g
e
e
u

1
S
e
)

M

M ,
B
T
o
h
B
p
e

e
.
.
c
i
e
t
e
4
r
n
n
e
l
.

F
5
M
l

D
r
t
.
k
k
k
o
n
C
.
a
n
p

.
t
l
s s
d
m
0
M
i
o
7
r
h
D
m

D
.
t
9
i
t
u
l
u
c
u
t
a a
a
H
s
i
o
a
o
G
W

r
o
7

s
h
l
t
r

d
d
e
a

r
t
s
m m
D

a

D
e
t
n
e
a
9
d
N
o
e
h
l
(
y h
u
s
y
p
n
o

i
l
i

i
h
s
r
i
p
.
a

n
r
e
n
p
n n
l
u
t
a
g

r
h
w
r

o o
n
l
l
e
:
9

a
s
a
r
l
e
l
c
l
e
a

i
l
h
h
a
0 x
o p
a
o
u
h
i
u
a
i
l
i
h h
e
e
h
h
i
T
w
T
h
i
M
W
h
M
h
M
e
1
s
W
o u
0 a
H
C
u
L
e
o
R
N
h
R
C
T T
C
T
i
T T
w
p
F
J J
1
s
h
J
l t