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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 447 596 EA 030 756 Selected Readings on School Reform, Winter 2000. TITLE INSTITUTION Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 2000-01-00 NOTE 141p. AVAILABLE FROM Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, 1627 K Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20006. Tel: 888-823-7474 (Toll Free); Fax: 202-223-9226; Web site: http://www.edexcellence.net. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Selected Readings on School Reform; v4 n1 Win 2000 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. Academic Standards; *Accountability; *Charter Schools; DESCRIPTORS *Curriculum Problems; *Educational Change; Elementary Secondary Education; Higher Education; Public Schools; *School Choice; Scores; Teacher Effectiveness ABSTRACT This collection of selected readings includes articles on the following subject areas: federal issues; charter schools; school choice; standards, tests, and accountability; teacher quality; curriculum and content; higher education; and miscellaneous subjects including absence in the classroom, school consultants, urban education, and principal vacancies in New York City schools. A "Network Notes" section contains short commentaries on various education subjects. (DFR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. THOMAS B: ORDHAM OUNDATION OUTSIDE THE BOX 4 eadings _ ycelected on ) hool eform Winter 2000 Vol. 4, No. 1 - : The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation 1627 K Street, NW Suite 600 Washington, DC, 20006 (202) 223 -5452 (202) 223-9226 (fax) 1(888) TBF-7474 (publications line) MENT OF EDUCATION nal Research and Improvement http: www.edexcellenee.net ESOURCES INFORMATION NTER (ERIC) t has been reproduced as the person or organization have been made to uction quality. AVAILABLE BEST COPY or opinions stated in this of necessarily represent osition or policy. Selected Readings on School Reform Winter 2000 Vol. 4, No. 1 The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation 1627 K Street, NW Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 (202) 223-5452 (202) 223-9226 (fax) (888) TBF-7474 (publications line) http://www.edexcellence.net The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation is neither connected with nor sponsored by Fordham University. Trustees Chester E. Finn, Jr. THOMAS B. Chester E. Finn President Chester E. Finn, Jr. ORDHAM Thomas A. Holton David H. Ponitz OUNDATION Bruce Kovner Vice President Bruno V. Manno David H. Ponitz Thomas A. Holton OUTSIDE THE BOX Diane S. Ravitch Secretary I Treasurer January 2000 Dear Education Reformer, Welcome to the first (SR)2 of the new millenium. We hope that, before opening its cover, you have already completed our little survey (enclosed with this mailing) so we can benefit from your thoughts about the future of (SR)2. If not, kindly do so now. Then keep reading. There's plenty here that's worthy of your attention. In Front Lines, you will read that the ranks of the education reformers are swelling: organizations like the Education Commission of the States and individuals such as National Urban League president Hugh Price have recently come out with new declarations of support for "charterizing" the whole system. The "New Democrats" are making interesting noises, too. Another must-read section is Standards, Tests and Accountability. The long-predicted backlash against standards-based reform seems to have begun. Faced with test-based evidence of weak performance, a growing horde of parents and educators is beating up on the standards and accountability arrangements instead of the system that is producing the bad results. And some teachers, perhaps unable to contend honestly with new accountability measures, have been found cheating for their students. Several articles in this section amplify on these troubling developments. And, of course, The State of State Standards 2000, also enclosed with this mailing, gives you our latest take on which states are and aren't doing well at developing good standards and installing serious accountability systems. We hope you enjoy this issue of (SR)2 and thanks in advance for providing us with feedback on the survey. See you in a few months. Sincerely, /1) K Ily mis Chester E. Finn, Jr. Prog am Director/ Editor President 4 Fax (202) 223-9226 Washington, DC, 20006 Telephone (202) 223-5452 1627 K Street, NW Suite 600 Publications: 1(888) 823-7474 http://www.eClexcellence.net U CONTENTS Winter 2000 No. 1 Vol. IV, Schools Colleges Experiment With Charter By Julianne Bassinger. NET NOTES 1 October 29, 1999... 48 The Chronicle of Higher Education.* 7 THE FRONT LINES 51 Urban Education: A Radical Plan SCHOOL CHOICE By Hugh B. Price. The Voucher Seduction Education Week.* December 8, 1999. 8 By Peter Schrag. 52 23, 1999. The American Prospect.* November New Democrats' 10 Key Reforms for Revitalizing American Education A Liberal Case for Vouchers By Al From. By Paul E. Peterson. Blueprint: Ideas for a New Century. * Fall 1999. 11 ........... ..... 57 1999. The New Republic. * October 4, Governing Well: Two Approaches From a National Out Costlier Students In Michigan, School Choice Weeds Commission For Honing the Enterprise to Support By Tamar Lewin. Better Schools 59 1999. The New York Times. October 26, By Donald McAdams & Adam Urbanski. Education Week. * November 24, 1999. 15 Monopoly Whittling Away the Public School By Thomas Toch. Lured Away and Forced Out, Principals Leave NYC 60 15, 1999. The Wall Street Journal. November Schools at Record Pace By Lynette Holloway. Reform and the The Marriage of Standards-based .... 18 The New York Times. September 20, 1999. Education Marketplace By Chester E. Finn Jr. Scientific Ignorance Wins a Small Victory 62 1999 National Education Summit By Mark Winston ... 20 Vancouver Sun. December 9, 1999. STANDARDS, TESTS, AND 67 ACCOUNTABILITY 23 FEDERAL ISSUES a Fear of Failure Spreads Academic Standards Eased As The GOP Congress Fails Again By Jacques Steinberg. By Chester E. Finn Jr. 3, 1999. 68 The New York Times. December 24 The Weekly Standard. November 29, 1999. Department A Haven For Clinton Loyalists Tests Soccer Moms vs. Standardized By Judy Pasternak. By Charles Sykes. 26 The Los Angeles Times. October 3, 1999. 70 6, 1999. The New York Times. December If Schools Get to Hire New Teachers Poor Scores Ignoring State Curriculum Caused By Anjetta McQueen. By Anemona Hartocollis. 30 Associated Press. November 12, 1999. 9, 1999. 71 The New York Times. November to Make the Grade Colorado School Districts Promise 31 CHARTER SCHOOLS By June Kronholz. 73 29, 1999. The Wall Street Journal. October Charter Hypocrisy Face a Confusing Array Editorial. A Babel of Standards: Students 32 The Wall Street Journal. October 20, 1999. of Tests and Assessments By Michael Kirst. Dropping Out? 75 National Crosstalk.* Fall 1999. By Laura Lang. 33 The Washington City Paper. October 22, 1999. Gauge Discrepancies Mar New School By Brigid Schulte. The Fight Over What Kids Learn 77 1999. The Washington Post. October 24, By Anna Bray Duff. The Investor's Business Daily.* November 29, 1999. 41 Taking A Chance On Promotion By Debbi Wilgoren. Charter Experiment Goes Awry 79 27, 1999. The Washington Post. September By Dennis Willard and Doug Oplinger. 43 Akron Beacon Journal. December 12, 1999. When Teachers Cheat By E.J. Dionne. 14, 1999. The Washington Post. December 81 Lessons: One Standard Doesn't Fit All HIGHER EDUCATION 111 By Richard Rothstein. The New York Times. December 8, 1999. Moving On To College, Going Back to Basics 82 By Steve Twomey. The Washington Post. September 23, 1999. 112 TEACHER QUALITY 83 Why One College Jettisoned All Its Remedial Courses Students Say 'Fake' "Teach" Was Grad e A By Lois Cronholm. By Susan Edelman. The Chronicle of Higher Education. September 24, 1999.114 The New York Post. October 1, 1999. 84 The 20 Percent Solution Not Free to Teach For Free? By Linda Chavez. By Kathleen Burge. The Denver Post. December 1, 1999. 117 The Boston Globe. November 22, 1999. 85 The Scholarship Game Neediest Students Get Least Prepared Teachers By Debbie Goldberg. By Nanette Asimov. Washington Post Magazine. October 24, 1999. 118 San Francisco Chronicle. December 3, 1999. 87 Rewarding Teachers For Work Well Done GRAB BAG 121 Editorial. Absence in the Classroom The Baltimore Sun. September 12, 1999. 88 By Fred Bayles. USA Today. November 15, 1999. Opposing Forces Tug on Teachers 122 By Richard Lee Colvin. A Taboo Erodes: The Truth about Blacks and Education The Los Angeles Times. December 8, 1999. 89 By Abigail Themstrom. National Review.* December 20, 1999. Caning the Teachers 126 90 The Economist. * October 23, 1999. Practicing the Piano the American Way Horrifies the British CURRICULUM & CONTENT 91 By Greg Steinmetz. The Wall Street Journal. November 12, 1999. ....... 128 Constructing Knowledge, Reconstructing Schooling By John Abbott and Terence Ryan. Online Service Broadens Access to AP Coursework Educational Leadership. November 1999. .. 92 By Jonathan Fox. Education Daily. * November 30, 1999. .130 Summerhill Revisited By Alan Riding. The Parent Trap The New York Times. November 7, 1999. 95 By Tom Loveless. The Wilson Quarterly.* Autumn, 1999. 132 The Schools They Deserve: Howard Gardner and the Remaking of Elite Education Are School Consultants Worth It? By Mary Eberstadt. By Tyce Palmaffy. Policy Review.* November 1999 98 Investor's Business Daily. * October 22, 1999. ... , .. 135 If It's Tuesday (In Chicago), It Must Be Polygons By Abraham McLaughlin. * Reprinted with permission; all rights reserved. Our sincere thanks to Christian Science Monitor. October 26, 1999. ....... . 103 all the publishers, journals, and writers who graciously gave assent to use their works in this publication. Educators, Parents See Magnets' Flaws By David Nakamura. The Washington Post. November 23, 1999. 104 Students do Better in Small Schools, So Why Have We Been Making Schools Bigger? By Philip Langdon. The American Enterprise. * Jan./Feb. 2000. 106 AVAILABLE BEST COPY iv Network Notes Choice & Charters program and some comparisons with other Edgewood students. The focus is on demographics, Choice and Community: The Racial, Economic and opinions, background characteristics and initial test Religious Context of Parental Choice in Cleveland scores. For the most part, participants resemble the A new report prepared by Jay P. Greene for the non-participants, although there are some non-trivial Ohio-based Buckeye Institute disproves one of differences. (Participants' families are less poor, for school choice opponents' favorite allegations: that example.) This report provides no results but will choice will lead to increased segregation. Greene's nonetheless be interesting to those trying to stay study (prepared in conjunction with the federal abreast of important school choice research. courts' current examination of the program's The pair of reports is numbered PEPG99-03. constitutionality) shows that the Cleveland voucher Contact the Program on Education Policy and program actually fosters racial integration as well as Governance, Taubman 306, Kennedy School of economic and religious diversity within schools. (It Government, 79 John F. Kennedy St., Harvard should be noted, however, that the vast majority of University, Cambridge, MA 02138. Phone 617 -495- voucher-accepting private schools in Cleveland are 7976, fax 617-496-4428, or surf to religious.) CEFjr www.data.fas.harvard.edu/pepg/ On the whole, Greene points out, private schools participating in the choice program are better The Impact of Parental Choice on Three Canadian integrated racially than their public school Public Schools counterparts. Whereas only 5.2% of public school Daniel J. Brown of the University of British students in Cleveland attend schools that match the Columbia has prepared this study of choice in British racial make-up of the metropolitan area, 19% of Columbia. It's based on a policy of providing participants in the voucher program attend such "alternative" schools within the public school system; schools. The majority of public school students in some 10,000 B.C. youngsters are enrolled in such Cleveland attend schools that are almost entirely schools. This study of three of these schools white or entirely black. Indeed, it seems difficult to examines their origins, missions, delivery methods, imagine a system more segregated than the one we student characteristics, and evidence as to their have now. effectiveness. One of the three schools studied Choice and Community can be obtained online at specializes in Japanese language and culture, plus www.buckeyeinstitute.org or by calling Buckeye at technology. The second emphasizes "direct, 614-262-1593. KLA purposeful instruction and high expectations for student content and performance." The third (and An Evaluation of the Horizon Scholarship Program newest) of them is a parent-initiated "traditional" in the Edgewood Independent School District, San school that stresses "academic excellence and a Antonio, Texas: The First Year disciplined environment." Here are some of Brown's Paul Peterson, David Myers and William Howell, findings: under the aegis of the Harvard Program on Education *They have remarkably strong organizational Policy and Governance (PEPG), have published a integrity. report on the first-year (1998-99) evaluation of the * Student achievement is at a high level, particularly large, privately-funded voucher program in Edge- for the traditional schools, relative to others in their wood, Texas. It's in two short volumes, the second districts. being a data appendix prepared by Mathematica * Levels of student and parent satisfaction are strong. Policy Research. Because the Edgewood program * The schools benefit from a high degree of parent offered to aid any or all low-income youngsters in the involvement. school district, it did not practice any kind of random * They offer equal educational opportunities. selection. Hence the evaluation design relies on Brown concludes that "parental choice makes an comparisons with children in similar school districts importance difference in the lives of children, parents (and with the districts themselves, as "district effects" and educators." Maybe you knew this. But here's are a major interest of this, large intervention project). evidence from our great Northern neighbor, albeit These two initial volumes provide baseline data about evidence gathered within the public school system. the Edgewood youngsters who are participating in the 7 1 For your own copy of this 130-page study, contact Greg Garn, we learn, for example, that charter the Society for the Advancement of Excellence in schools do not necessarily produce innovative Education, 201-1451-B Ellis Street, Kelowna, BC curricula. On the other hand, Arizona Superintendent MY Y 2A3. Phone 250-717-1163, fax 250-717-1134, of Schools Lisa Graham Keegan writes that charters e-mail [email protected], or surf to www.saee.bc.ca. have wrought nothing less than a revolution in NB: The Society has published or republished several Arizona education, broadening options for parents other recent studies on education that you may obtain and forcing regular public schools into earnest from their website or by e-mail from Helen Raham at reform. the address given above. CEFjr School Choice in the Real World will interest anyone wanting to know more about charter schools. Charter Schools in Action: Renewing Public It is published by the Westview Press (www. Education westviewpress.coni), 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, Back when yours truly and his colleagues were CO 80301 and costs $65. You can contact them by associated with the Hudson Institute, you may recall phone at 800-386-5656 or by fax at 303-449-3356. that we undertook a multi-year study of the then- JRP revolutionary charter school phenomenon. Underwritten by the Pew Charitable Trusts, and Competition in Education: A 1999 Update of School staffed by. (among others) Bruno Manno, Louann Choice in Massachusetts Bierlein and Gregg Vanourek, we produced a whole Since the introduction of charter schools in 1993, series of studies and reports. Shortly after you read and contrary to everything we thought we knew this, the very last of these will emerge in the form of about its political leanings, Massachusetts has an honest-to-God book, published by the Princeton become something of a hotbed of school choice University Press, co-authored by Bruno, Gregg and activity. By 1998-99, charter schools served 9,930 myself We respectfully submit that, at least for a students in 34 schools. (Well, OK, not exactly a while, this will be one of the defining works on hotbed, in a state with nearly a million kids in school, charter schools. It explores many aspects of them, but certainly an active site.) including their relationship to civil society, the Competition in Education, issued by the excellent problems they face, the challenges that will shape Boston-based think tank, the Pioneer Institute, their future, and what an all-charter community focuses on the effects of this charter school would look like. (This last is especially germane to proliferation on Massachusetts's public schools. those who read the recent school-governance report Author Susan Aud concedes that it is still too early to of the Education Commission of the States and the witness wide-scale reform in Massachusetts public excellent essay by Hugh Price of the National Urban schools as a result of charter schools, but predicts that League.) We hope you might want to see for charter schools will likely have this effect in districts yourself Its title is as given above. Its ISBN number where they are prominent. She bases this prediction is 0-691-00480-3. The price will be $27.95. You can on an earlier study of the effects of Massachusetts's check with your local bookstore or contact the open enrollment policy, also conducted by the Princeton University Press at 41 William Street, Pioneer Institute, that found that the more money a Princeton, New Jersey, 08540 USA. The website is district loses to other schools through choice CEFjr http://pup. princeton.edu/ programs, the more likely it is to institute reforms, combined with the fact that charter schools are taking School Choice in the Real World: Lessons from a much greater percentage of funds from many Arizona Charter Schools districts than open-enrollment policies. The charter school explosion in the United States To get a copy of Competition in Education, call is still new and not well. understood. Though there the Pioneer Institute at 617-723-2277 or visit them at have been a number of accounts of successes or www.pioneerinstitute.org. Competition in Education failures of individual charter schools, on the macro- is White Paper No. 6, released in September 1999. level there is as yet little to be gleaned. School JRP Choice in the Real World thus helps fill an important void. Financing Charter School Facilities in It's a collection of essays about the effects of Pennsylvania . school choice via charter schools on students and A lot of people are interested in how to ease the schools alike, using the Arizona charter experience as facilities crunch that many charter schools a case study. The book's authors provide a mix of experience, due to the fact that those who grant their vantage points and opinions. From Robert Stout and charters rarely provide them with buildings in which 8 2 who believe that teacher standards and tests are not to operate their schools (and, under most state charter the best tools for distinguishing good teachers from laws, their budgets consist only of operating funds, bad will find little to sink their teeth into here. not capital funds). With help from the Annie E. Teacher Preparation Assessment: The Hows and Casey Foundation, the Charter Friends National Whys of New Standards can be ordered from National Network has prepared a short "policy brief' aimed at Evaluation Systems, Inc. by calling 413-256-0444 or the Pennsylvania situation. Written by Amy Berk faxing 413-256-1153. Single copies are free. MK Anderson and Bryan C. Hassel, this nine-page document sketches what several other states have Making Standards Matter 1999 done and outlines several approaches for The American Federation of Teachers is back Pennsylvania's consideration, mostly involving tax- with its annual report card on state academic exempt bonds and loosening the strings on what standards and accountability. If this sounds familiar, charters can do with their operating budgets. it's because the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation Interested readers will also want to have a look at report, The State of State Standards 2000 (included Paying for the Charter Schoolhouse, another with this issue of (SR)2), does much the same thing. publication of the National Network. That We, of course, believe that we do it better. organization can be found on-line at www. The major finding of the AFT report is that state charterfriends.org and phoned at 651-649-5479. Mr. standards are improvingby their reckoning, 22 Hassel can be found at 704-370-0357 and states now have decent standardsand that more [email protected]. Ms. Anderson can states are making them matter. Our report differs in be reached at 303-494-3720 and [email protected]. two important ways. First, our criteria are more Bruno Manno of the Annie E. Casey Foundation is comprehensive and demanding. While the AFT also glad to help: 410-223-2983 and limits their judgments to whether or not standards are CEFjr BrunoM@aecforg. clear and specific (and is agnostic regarding content), we also want to know whether the states demand the Standards & Tests right body of challenging knowledge and skills. Second, while the AFT focuses on pupil Teacher Preparation Assessment: The Hows and accountability (ending social promotion, exit exams, etc.), we are more interested in adult accountability Whys of New Standards Published by National Evaluation Systems, Inc., identifying low-performing schools, reconstituting the nation's largest creator of state-specific teacher failing schools if necessary, etc. (Funny that the tests (as opposed to the uniform, ETS-produced teachers' union is less interested in that approach!) Praxis series), this 280-page book is a compilation of To get a full picture of the standards movement, papers presented at the group's October 1998 take a look at both our report and the AFT report. Get Making Standards Matter 1999 off the web at conference on teacher certification testing. This www.aft.org/edissues/standards99/index.htm. (In a event focused on linking certification tests to new sign of this cyber-age, hard copies are not available.) teacher standards. The thirteen chapters that form the meat of this MJP book are all accounts of individual states' efforts to tackle the teacher quality problem. While some useful initiatives are describedCalifornia's efforts The Public View to ensure that teaching candidates are exposed to Doing Comparatively Well: Why the Public Loves research-based reading instruction methods, for instancemost of the reforms being implemented Higher Education and Criticizes K-12 sound like more of the same old stuff. The new Why does the public love higher education and standards and assessments may be better than the old criticize primary and secondary? That's the subtitle ones but there have been no real efforts to determine of this slim report by John Immerwahr of Public exactly how (and if) they are linked to effective Agenda. Weaving together the findings of numerous teaching, defined as producing more student learning. studies by Public Agenda and others, it presents a The overview and policy pieces included in this wealth of information on the differing public volume call attention to the frequent mismatch perceptions of K-12 and higher ed. between what teacher training institutions do and That the public does view K-12 and higher ed what actual K-12 schools need, yet most of the very differently is clear: according to Immerwahr, authors seem convinced that the solution lies in higher ed is "teflon-coated" (immune to criticism), while K-12 is "velcro": criticisms thrown at it tend to creating better standards and assessments. Those 9 stick. People see American higher education as a Community Resources world-class product while giving public K-12 schools low marks for quality. When people say their local schools are doing well, they usually mean compared Catalyst: for Cleveland Schools to schools in other areas, not compared to how they During the heyday of site-based school reform in should be doing. The public tends to assign Chicago, a little magazine named Catalyst functioned responsibility to the schools for the shortcomings of as the indispensable chronicler. (Though we haven't their students, while college students' failings are seen it lately, we hear it's still a valuable resource.) seen as their own responsibility. Now, with the help of several foundations, Catalyst While the report doesn't really answer the key has come to Cleveland, to be published bi-monthly question posed in the subtitle, the finding that most and sent to local education movers and shakers. It is people think they know a lot about the schools in not meant to track Cleveland's much-reported their communities yet claim to know little about what voucher program but, rather, developments in and goes on in institutions of higher education might have around the Cleveland Municipal School District, something to do with it. which is now accountable to Mayor Michael White. For a copy of Doing Comparatively Well, contact How about a Catalyst in your community? the Institute for Educational Leadership at 202 -822- Meanwhile, if you'd like to see the Cleveland version, 8405 (phone), 202-872-4050 (fax), or [email protected], contact Urban School News, 1621 Euclid Ave., Suite though at $15 for an 18-page report, you might think 1530, Cleveland, OH 44115. Phone 216-623-6320, twice about ordering one. MK fax 216-623-6651, surf to www.catalyst- cleveland.org or e-mail editorial@catalyst- On Thin Ice: How Advocates and Opponents Could CEFjr cleveland.org. Misread the Public's Views on Vouchers and Charter Schools ParenTech Parenting in a Digital Age Recently issued by the respected research Ameritech and the North Central Regional organization, Public Agenda, On Thin Ice Educational Laboratory have developed a provides an in-depth study of public awareness and comprehensive package to help parents help their opinion on issues of school choice. Its chief finding children learn the fundamentals of technology. is that Americans just don't know very much about ParenTech Parenting in a Digital Age comes these things. Sixty-three percent of those surveyed complete with an interactive CD-ROM and three 16- say they know "very little" or "nothing" about page parent guides: "When I Grow Up" (focusing on vouchers and a whopping 81% say that about charter technology and careers); "Does it Compute?" schools. Even in Cleveland and Milwaukee, sites of (focusing on technology and education); and "Fast the nation's most prominent school choice programs, Forward to the Future" (focusing on technology and three-fifths of parents say they know little or nothing society). These guides will assist parents with a about these programs. And about half of parents shaky grasp on technology, by explaining such items living in areas rich in charter schools say they know as bits, bytes, microchips, and bandwidth, but they little or nothing about them. are mainly geared towards making technology Some other findings offer more solace to choice familiar and accessible to children, particularly proponents. Once the idea is explained to them, 57% middle-schoolers. The guides suggest a variety of of the general public and 68% of parents favor the resources for students and plenty of ideas for how idea of providing a voucher to families to fund all or parents and their children can approach the vast part of tuition at a private or parochial school. world of technology together. Seventy-nine percent of the public strongly agrees "ParenTech" can be investigated at www. with the statement that "parents should have the right parentech.org. Orders for the kit can be placed by to choose the school they want their child to attend." calling 1-877-298-7273. ParenTech Kits are available On Thin Ice is a must for anyone interested in the free to families, schools and libraries in Illinois, condition of the school choice movement in America Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin, but the todayand in the very considerable obstacles three parent guides are available to everyone at no confronting those who hope to build public charge on the internet site. KLA awareness and enthusiasm. You can get a copy from Public Agenda for $10 by calling 212-686-6610 or Transforming Education Policy: Assessing 10 Years visiting their website (www.publicagenda.org). of Progress in the States JRP In June, the Business Roundtable issued a pair of somewhat self-congratulatory reports on its long- 10

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