DOCUMENT RESUME JC 000 119 ED 437 986 Adams, Julie, Ed. AUTHOR Senate Rostrum: The Newsletter of the Academic Senate for TITLE California Community Colleges, 1999. Academic Senate for California Community Colleges, INSTITUTION Sacramento. 1999-00-00 PUB DATE 54p.; Published quarterly. NOTE AVAILABLE FROM Academic Senate for California Community Colleges, 910 K St., Suite 300, Sacramento, CA 95814. For full text: http://www.academicsenate.cc.ca.us. Collected Works Serials (022) PUB TYPE Senate Rostrum: The Newsletter of the Academic Senate for JOURNAL CIT California Community Colleges; Feb-Oct 1999 MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. EDRS PRICE *College Governing Councils; *Community Colleges; Distance DESCRIPTORS Education; Educational Finance; Educational Technology; *Governance; Governing Boards; Government Publications; Newsletters; *State Legislation; *State School District Relationship; Two Year Colleges *California IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT This document is a series of 1999 newsletters from the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges. Reoccurring issues covered in the newsletters are technology and distance education, full-time and part-time faculty, state budget and legislative updates, accreditation, and areas of interest specific to California Community Colleges and the Academic "Fall Session Has It All: From Partnership to Senate. Titles include: (1) "Participants Learn about "Faculty Development Breakouts"; Drama"; (3) (2) "Technology at the Fall Session"; "The Impact State Budget Process"; (5) (4) "Can Computers Replace Teachers?" of the Overuse of Part-Time Faculty"; (6) "What Makes Technology Mediated Instruction (TMI) Succeed?"; (8) (7) "Leadership in an Educational Environment"; "Learning Communities for (9) (10) "Distance Learning in California Community Basic Skills Success"; (11) "Planning and Budget: The Wisdom of Title 5"; "AB 420: A Colleges"; (12) Shaky Beginning, or a Dismal Conclusion?"; "Developing California's Plan (13) "Senate's First Annual Curriculum Institute." (AF) for Perkins III"; and (14) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Senate Rostrum: The Newsletter of the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges, 1999 Julie Adams, Editor February-October 1999 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS Office of Educational Research and Improvement BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have heen made to improve reproduction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Points of view or opinions 1 stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. AVAILABLE BEST COPY February 1999 President's Message 2 eRostrum Faculty Development 3 Breakouts State Budget Process 6 Diversity Colloquia 7 Academic Freedom Intellectual Property 8 10 Nuts and Bolts II 11 Part-time Paper The Newsletter of the Academic Senate 12 Curriculum Breakout for California Community Colleges Basic Skills Survey 13 Technology 14 Future'sPaper 16 Overuse of Part-time Faculty Fall Session Has It All: From Partnership to Drama by Lynda Corbin, San Diego Mesa College everyone mutinies but no one tion, technology costs and quality The statewide Academic Sen- of instructional offerings. As- deserts." ate Fall 1998 Session took place on Among the breakout ses- sumptions are being challenged as October 29-31 at the Los Angeles a result of today's phenomenon of sions and speakers were the fol- Airport Westin Hotel. The theme sequential careers and old defini- lowing: of the Session was "Educational tions of "life-long learning." Ac- At the breakout on the Disci- Quality and Student Success: Who countability will continue to be an plines List, much discussion cen- are the Guardians?" The General issue as costs increase and public tered on the process itself, and a Session speakers and the breakout resolution was discussed that disclosure becomes mandatory. sessions all addressed this theme. At another General Session, would necessitate such review One of the keynote speakers was every two years (instead of the the main speaker was Aimee Don, Jack Scott, member of the Califor- Chair of the University of Califor- current three-year cycle). That res- nia State Assembly (and former nia Academic Senate. At the fol- olution was defeated. The hear- President of Pasadena City Col- lowing breakout session, she was lege). Assemblymember Scott ings on proposed additions to the joined by Gene Dinielli, Chair of Disciplines List are scheduled for commented that in the next de- the CSU Academic Senate. Both late January and early February of cade California community col- confirmed that the UC and the leges will need to accommodate 1999. Another breakout was CSU faculty are interested in ar- approximately 450,000 more stu- ticulation agreements, but neither scheduled to consider upcoming dents; he noted that the Partner- changes in accreditation stan- wants a system focused on course ship for Excellence is a vehicle for numbering. Instead, both want to dards and processes, Dr. David keeping quality in our colleges. If see articulation by course content. colleges show unsatisfactory Wolf, Executive Director of the UC particularly is very concerned Accrediting Commission, was progress in meeting the goals, about this issue; their faculty be- principal speaker. He noted that then the mechanism for funding lieve that some in the community changes in the Higher Education will have to be reconsidered; he colleges are emphasizing course Act will result in more prescrip- observed that the Chancellor's numbering over all else. tive language, specific measures Office will be developing a meth- Dorr commented that at the of student achievement (learner od next year. He claimed that safe- outcomes), including certificate UCs, 44,000 course-to-course artic- guards were built into the system; ulation agreements exist with criteria. For transfer, the accep- progress is to be judged system- community colleges; not one such tance by a receiving institution of wide for three years; if progress is agreement exists between differ- accredited units will be mandat- ongoing, the system will contin- ed. But a great deal remains to be ue to be funded. See "Fall Session" on page 4 defined, such as distance educa- Best line: "A college is where 1999 February 1 3 President's Message "Just-in-Time" Education There is a new phrase find- uation. Second, a complete educa- ability to independently cope with tion prepares the person to learn the shifting terrain of their own ing its way into the argot of post- independently. As new informa- secondary education: "Just-In- learning needs. How would oth- er professions fare if they ap- tion and abilities are needed to do Time" education. Recent confer- proached their learning needs this the job, this person identifies those ences and publications are replete way? Shall we have doctors who needs, assesses their own talents, with the term. Stanford Professor and acquires the essential up- Martin Conroy mentioned this learn about a treatment "just-in- concept in his address to our grades on their own. time" to save a patient? Or should In my opinion, the "just-in- that doctor have such a broad and Spring 1998 Plenary Session. This thorough understanding of the time" approach is a symptom of a philosophy is succinctly described field that knowledge of the full larger problem. Increasingly, ed- by Professor James Duderstadt of ucators are expected to justify range of conditions and treat- University of Michigan in the their programs on immediate out- ments is part of the expected pri- Winter 1998 edition of CAUSE/ or learning? How much confi- comes. We are becoming a society EFFECT. which values only instant gratifi- dence would you have in a "just- "We are beginning to see a shift cation and current utility. If the in-time" stock investment advisor in demand from the current style of benefits are not obvious at the who learned about a particular "just-in-case" education in which we moment, why should I invest my stock just before advising you to expect students to complete degree time and effort? invest? programs at the undergraduate or There are two fundamental As faculty members, we have professional level long before they often faced questions from stu- actually need the knowledge, to principles of a comprehensive ed- dents such as "why do I need to ucational program that the "just- "just-in-time" education in which know this?" Indeed, a good deal in-time" approach fails to recog- education is sought when a person of our own time is spent keeping nize. First, a complete education needs it through non-degree pro- our curriculum current and rele- prepares that person to deal with grams...." The "just-in-time" ap- vant. However, almost all occupa- eventualities which evolve as their tions require an extensive knowl- proach has the potential to seri- profession evolves. A well-round- ously undermine sound educa- ed student has a knowledge and edge base that must be woven like skill basis that is broad enough to a tapestry. And, like a tapestry, the tional planning and to produce an "educated" generation with little face more than just the present sit- See "Just in Time" on next page The. Academic Senate for California ComMunity Colleges Bill Scroggins, President Lee Haggerty, Vice-President Linda Collins, Secretary; Dennis Smith, Treasurer; Janis Perry,' Past President Publications Committee: Hoke Simpson, Chair, Grossmont College Winston Butler, Los Angeles City College Carolyn Seefer, Diablo Valley College Van Dees, Golden West College Elton Hall, Moorpark College Editor: Julie Adams, Academic Senate The Rostrum. The Rostrum is a publication of the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges, 910 "K" Street, Ste. 300, Sacramento, CA 95814. The Rostrum is distributed to all faculty through college academic senate presidents and by individual mailing. Letters and unsolicited articles by faculty members are invited. For deadline information, call (916) 445-4753, or email us at [email protected] 2 Senate Rostrum 4 Faculty within the California Community "Just in Time" from previous page College system and the Chancel- lor's Office efforts to establish a role of an individual thread can systemwide clearinghouse for rarely be discerned until the weav- technical assistance and profes- ing is complete. It does not make Breakouts sional development. There is cur- good sense that a novice would rently a Chancellor's Office task even have the ability to ask the right questions, let alone judge force which is addressing such is- by Winston Butler, Faculty sues as service learning through what they need "just-in-time" to Development Chair AmeriCorps, AmericaReads, The Faculty Development meet the current challenge. Fund for Student Success and fu- We need to redirect the poor- Committee at the Fall 1998 Session ture plans for developing a Ser- ly-conceived "just-in-time" rheto- provided three breakouts that fo- vice-Learning Budget Change cused on diversity in teaching, ric toward more constructive pur- Proposal. Service-learning is a col- poses. There certainly is a need to service learning and student peer lege activity that connects stu- counseling. All three breakouts have instruction available at times, dents through specific course provided participants with valu- places, and manners that are more work to in-service work activities accessible to students. We must, able information and insights in with the private sector and com- and indeed we are, looking be- new ways to offer instruction. munity service agencies. yond semester-based and class- The breakout, Diversity in Student Services/Peer Pro- room-based delivery. Short-term, Teaching and Learning, was con- gram was presented by faculty ducted by Toni Forsythe from block-scheduled, technology-me- from Cerritos College, Virginia diated, and asynchronous dis- DeAnza College and Neelam Can- Romero, Sylvia Gardner, and tance-based instructional modes to-Lugo from Yuba College. Em- Chris Sugiyama. This breakout are increasingly common. Pedago- phasis was placed on the need for was presented as a model pro- gies appropriate to these methods more aggressiveness in address- gram from Cerritos College de- are advancing dramatically. As ing diversity in all aspects of col- signed to assist counseling facul- these changes take place, faculty lege curriculum and staffing. The ty through the employment of stu- are working hard to maintain the participants were provided infor- dents as peer counselors. These comprehensive and coherent na- mation regarding the Center for student peer counselors then di- ture of the curriculum. We cannot the Study of Diversity in Higher Multi-cultural Collaborative rect and assist other students by let these goals be turned aside by providing general college infor- those who only value short-term Learning Communities Consor- mation, clarifying admission and tium and the initiatives through gains. registration procedures, distribut- As you, the faculty leaders on the Chancellor's Office and DeAn- ing forms, supporting counseling za College to provide numerous your campus, encounter this "just- faculty workshops and making in-time" double speak, respond by colloquia and workshops for Cal- emphasizing the need for in- referrals to counselors oncall. Stu- ifornia Community College facul- dents from the Cerritos program creased access through multiple ty in 1999 to discuss teaching strat- provided insightful testimony to delivery modes while maintaining egies that can lead diverse student populations toward successful the success of the program and the the commitment to a quality, thor- enormous benefits obtained by ough education. We can't afford performance outcomes. both the peer counselors and the risk that "just-in-time" will Ed Connelly from Ameri- those they served. become "if-only-I-had-known!" Corps/AmericaReads, currently working with the state Chancel- lor's Office to promote service learning throughout the California Community College system, was the presenter for the breakout en- titled Building a Systemwide Ser- vice-Learning Vision. Participants were provided an overview of the current status of service-learning 1999 February 3 "Fall Session" from page 1 For now, here is a brief sum- address the 75/25 goal of full-time mary: ent campuses/colleges within the to part-time faculty. A proactive program to UC system. It is easier, she said, The Executive Committee further study equity for part-time for a student to transfer from a is directed to develop strategies for colleges to implement work community college to a UC cam- faculty will be initiated by the state Executive Committee, to be sub- based learning models. pus/college than for the same stu- mitted at the Spring 1999 Session, Finally, a highlight of the Fall dent to transfer from one UC cam- Session was the dinner-theater and a standing committee of the pus to another. Dinielli confirmed statewide Academic Senate con- staging of the David Mamet play, that the same situation exists with- sisting mostly of part-time facul- Oleanna, by the Los Angeles City in the CSUs; no articulation agree- College Theater Academy. Ma- ty is to be established. ments exist between the colleges. Both commented on the impor- met's exploration of the abuse of The Academic Senate is to urge local senates to ensure that tance of faculty-to-faculty disci- power relationships between stu- hiring committees include only pline discussions; both noted the dents and teachers was presented faculty who are adequately in riveting performances by Al added challenge of transfer even- Rossi and Katherine Whitney. tually being based not only on trained in affirmative action reg- These two talented artists are ulations. numbers of units, but also on the Local academic senates available to take their show on the basis of "demonstrated competen- are urged to insist that Partnership road and offer both the play and a cy." follow-up workshop. Judging for Excellence monies be used to Another important topic ad- fund activities clearly related to from the intensity of the discus- dressed in a breakout session re- student success. lated to part-time faculty. Some sions carried on after the perfor- The Chancellor's Office mance over dessert and coffee, small improvements in STRS ben- will be urged to pursue funds to this would be a sensational staff efits were noted, but all agreed it development offering for any was not enough. The main issues community college. seem to be health benefits, pay for office hours and participation in committee work, and pro rata pay. Pro rata legislation may be consid- ered in the coming year; if passed, it would be phased in gradually. A bill guaranteeing a measure of job security was vetoed by the Governor this year, but will be put through again. For those current- ly employed (and employed con- secutively for the last three years) it would require re-employment June Burlingame-Smith guarantees and due process with Los Angeles Harbor College appeal rights. And it was noted by Winston Bulter one of the speakers that these are Los Angeles Community College not part-time issuesthey are District professional issues. On the last day of the Session, delegates voted on the resolutions engendered by the information at the Session or raised at earlier area meetings. A copy of the resolu- tions is available on the Senate website at, Stanley Chodorow, California Virtual www.academicsenate.cc.ca.us. University CEO with Bill Scroggins 4 Senate Rostrum 6 Chancellor Tom Nussbaum and Vice Chancellor Vicki Morrow Great food! Patricia Siever, Board of Governors member and Bill Scroggms Stanley Chorodow Lee Haggerty and Friend Keynote Speaker Al and Katherine in Oleanna 114,, Katz Haycock Keynote Speaker Bill with Deborah Sweitzer, Miki Mikolajczak, and Maureen Smith Jams Perry Shelly Abe and Julie Adams Honoring Edith Conn Academic Senate Staff Norbert Bishof holds court Luther Henderson, Patricia Stever Bill wit Kati Haycock and Phil Forhan 1999 February 5 AVAILABLE BEST COPY 7 Participants Learn About State Budget Process by Dennis Smith, Treasurer Money. Money. Money. trict governing boards more direct ed, "This is what we need to know. involvement in developing the Vital information." Other com- Money. The 1999-2000 California 1999-2000 budget package that ments included, "It was great to budget proposed by Governor was proposed by the system. The hear and learn of the time lines in Gray Davis last month provided writer assumes that the timelines a $158 million (6.9%) General the state budget process. I appre- for the 2000-2001 system budget ciated Patrick Lenz's open, direct, Fund increase for the California proposal will be similar to last Community College system and frank manner." year. The approximate order of On the other hand, when the (www.osp.ca.gov/documents /fi- participants were asked what events will probably be: nance/budget). How that amount February: Chancellor's Cab- about the breakout session dem- evolved and how your college can inet and the Budget Task Force onstrated the most need for im- have input into the development meet to discuss concept recom- provement, there was one consis- of the 2000-2001 California Com- mendations for 2000-2001 Califor- munity College system's pro- tent suggestion. "Handouts!" One nia Community College budget. participant summed up the com- posed budget was the topic of a March: Budget Change Pro- ments of many others by writing, breakout session at the Fall 1998 posal workshop. "This was an extremely important Plenary Session of the Academic April: Cabinet and the Bud- breakout sessionloaded with in- Senate for California Community formation. For many of us, we get Task Force meet to discuss con- Colleges. cept recommendations for 2000- ended up overloaded because we A room full of Session attend- 2001 California Comunity College are not the expert that Lenz is, but ees braved the perils of a hyper- system budget. we tried and I think all of us took active air conditioning system that May: Concept recommenda- away a good deal. Written mate- they might learn how their college tions for 2000-2001 budget due rials, e.g., the timetable and bud- district could have a more and get process, web address, from California Community Col- formative role in advising the etc.,would have helped a good lege Chancellor's Office divisions. Chancellor, the Board of Gover- June: Responses to budget deal. But overall, this was a very nors, and the Consultation Coun- proposals due from district gov- good breakout session." cil about what the system should erning boards and other local con- One purpose of this article is seek in terms of its annual budget stituencies. to provide access to some of the request to the Governor and the July: Report to Board of Gov- requested written materials relat- Legislature. Patrick Lenz, Vice ernors on budget proposals. ed to the 2000-2001 California Chancellor for Fiscal Policy and September: Proposed 2000- Community College budget de- Lee Haggerty, Vice President of 2001 California Community Col- velopment timelines and process. the Academic Senate, each did lege system budget to the Depart- As a starting point, please read their best to demystify the time- ment of Finance. Chancellor Thomas J. Nussbaum's lines, the process, and the politics October: Cabinet, Budget March 20, 1998 memo that was of creating the California Commu- Task Force, and Consultation addressed to the superintendents, nity College system's annual bud- Council meet for final revisions to presidents, and boards of trustees get proposal. budget. which can be found at the Cali- When asked what was the fornia Community College November: Final 2000-2001 best thing about the breakout ses- budget approved by the Board of Office website Chancellor's sion, the majority of those in the www.cccco.edu /cccco /fiscal/ Governors. audience were very complimenta- Chancellor Nussbaum is to 9920memo.htm. This memo de- ry of the presenters. One person be commended for encouraging scribes an expanded budget de- said, "Patrick answered lots of district-level involvement in the velopment process intended to questions, he was clear, and he provide community college dis- was patient." Another comment- See "Budget" on page 7 6 Senate Rostrum 8 ment"). This resolution further Monterey; and November 19-21 in "Budget" from page 7 asked "local senates and boards" system's annual budget package. San Diego. to adopt the "pledge." However, our system's budget The purpose of the colloquia Among those on the Execu- should generally not come from is to assist colleges and districts in tive Committee expected to par- their efforts to begin development the top down to be responded to, ticipate in the colloquia are Una of substantive and meaningful but rather should grow from the action plans in response to the Chen, Chair of the Senate's Affir- local level upward and be coordi- mative Action/Cultural Diversity various components of the Board nated at the system level. The lo- (AA/CD) Committee; Beverly of Governors adopted commit- cal academic senates and their Shue and Edith Conn, members of ment statement. There will be op- governing boards are legally obli- the AA/CD Committee; Senate portunity for dialogue among the gated to consult with each other Secretary Linda Collins, speaking colleges attending, as well as an on the processes for institutional on the Partnership for Excellence; opportunity for college teams to planning and budget develop- meet to further the work of the Winston Butler, Chair of the Sen- ment. For this reason, any work- ate's Faculty Development Com- commitment on each campus. Of shops and breakout sessions hav- mittee; and Vice President Lee particular concern will be an em- ing to do with influencing com- Haggerty, who will be a facilita- phasis on issues of diversity in munity college funding will al- tor. hiring and student success. Teams ways be of vital interest to faculty will be asked to bring copies of and other educational leaders. The Academic their hiring procedures, Student Academic Senate for California Equity Plans, and other relevant Community Colleges is commit- Freedom in documents to be shared. ted to facilitating the efforts of lo- The colloquia will follow a cal faculty senates in fulfilling process-oriented approach used a Digital their responsibility for budget pro- recently in a series of colloquia cesses and each of the other aca- addressing student equity issues. demic and professional matters. Age In addition to experienced facili- tators, there will also be expert Diversity speakers on such issues as affir- by Ian Walton, Technology mative action (especially in light Colloquia Committee Chair of the recent court decision up- The Fall 1998 Plenary Session holding aspects of affirmative ac- featured a breakout session to col- tion, despite Governor Wilson's by Edith Conn, Affirmative Action lect feedback in preparation for an lawsuit against the community Committee Educational Policies Committee colleges and other state agencies), The Center for the Study of position paper on academic free- as well as speakers addressing di- Diversity in Teaching and Learn- dom, intellectual property rights versity issues stemming from the ing in Higher Education at DeAn- and fair use in a digital age. Janis Partnership for Excellence. za College and the California Perry, Ian Walton, Hoke Simpson The Academic Senate is sup- Community College Chancellor's and Elton Hall initiated the discus- porting the colloquia by sending Office are sponsoring four collo- sion. members of the Affirmative Ac- quia called "Commitment to Di- Ian placed the discussion in tion/Cultural Diversity Commit- versity" based on the Board of the general context of academic tee and Executive Committee Governors adopted Commitment freedom with a background pro- members to attend. The colloquia statement. The conference fee in- vided by the Academic Senate's fulfill several resolutions adopted cludes two hotel nights, single position paper on academic free- by Senate Plenary Body including occupancy, all meals except for dom from Spring 1998, and the 1998 Spring Resolution 3.08, dinner on Friday evening, and American Association of Univer- which asked that the Senate en- conference materials. There are sity Professors (AAUP) report on dorse "efforts to promote and im- four colloquia sites and dates as academic freedom and electronic plement the goals of the Commu- in January follows: 21-23 nity College Pledge" ("pledge" Monterey; February 18-20 in La- See "Academic Freedom "on page 10 was later changed to "commit- guna Cliffs; April 22-24 in 1999 February 7 9 Intellectual Property: Your Right to Compensation by Hoke Simpson, Educational Policies Committee have difficulty giving practical The following remarks are If you've negotiated an agreement advice about intellectual proper- with your college, it will probably based on my presentation in the brea- ty rights on the Internet is plain: be pretty easy to keep them hon- kout session, "Intellectual Property We are trying to fit the rules we Rights in a 'Virtual' World." They est. Once your stuff is on the 'Net, created for print media to an en- represent the views of the author though, and available to the plan- et, what do you do if someone tirely different medium, to com- only, and by no means should they puting on a global network. The steals it? First, you have to catch be construed as the position of the new medium is sufficiently differ- Academic Senate for California them, and that is likely to be close to impossible. If you do catch ent that there is no easy fit. We are Community Colleges. them (here's some more useful going to have to create new rules, and so we are often told that the I'd like to become impracti- information, again), and they have regulations applicable will either made money from using cal here as quickly as possible. "evolve through future court de- your work or have cost you mon- However, one of the points of Ple- nary Session breakouts is to cisions."3 ey by using it, then they will prob- Well, maybe applicable reg- ably have to pay you something present useful information, so let ulations will evolve. But maybe for it. Unless, that is, they live in me dispense with that right at the some far away place that is not not. It seems entirely possible that outset. Our question is, basically, our very concern with intellectu- particularly friendly to the robust "When it comes to publishing the al property rights is itself an in- spirit of American capitalism fruits of your intellectual labor on stance of looking at the present the Internet, what are your rights and there are such places, and not through a rear-view mirror, of try- to compensation?" The answer is all of them are all that far away. ing to experience the electronic- You are probably thinking quite simple: Whatever you can media world through print-media negotiate. The sample contract that this is not really very practi- eyes. "The alphabet and print language contained in Tom cal information at all. Well, I'm technology," McLuhan wrote, very sympathetic to that feeling , Tyner's very useful Guidelines for "fostered and encouraged a frag- so let me wax impractical for a bit, Negotiating Distance Education Is- and perhaps shed some light on menting process, a process of spe- sues' makes this quite clear. cialism and detachment."4 Print why, in fact, it is so difficult to be The literature on this subject reveals the following standard also made possible the contempo- practical in this area. rary notion of "authorship," the Marshall McLuhan, author of with reference to the issue of own- one's commodification of such works as Understanding Me- ership of intellectual property: thoughts and ideas, and fostered If you create it indepen- dia and The Medium is the Massage, "ideas of literary fame and the wrote that "When faced with a dently, it's yours. If someone elsesay, habit of considering intellectual totally new situation, we tend al- your schoolhires you to create ways to attach ourselves to the effort as private property."5 "Elec- tric technology," on the other objects, to the flavor of the most it, it's theirs. hand, "fosters and encourages If you create it on their recent past. We look at the present unification and involvement"6 through a rear-view mirror. We time with their resources, each of and marks the emergence of a sin- march backwards into the future. you owns part. gle, global consciousness.' The value of ownership in Suburbia lives imaginatively in I want to suggest that we Bonanza-land."' We use television terms of compensation, however, would do well to take our difficul- to look at movies, and the prima- comes back again to what you can ty in applying the notion of intel- ry use of our computers is as type- negotiate. lectual property rights to the In- writers. There is the further issue, of On one level, the reason we course, of what you can enforce. See "Intellectual" on next page 8 Senate Rostrum