ERIC ED435260: Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs for the Years 1995-96 and 1998-99.

20 Pages·1999·0.26 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 435 260
HE 032 478
AUTHOR
Howe, Richard D.
TITLE
Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Teacher Education, Specific
Academic and Vocational Programs for the Years 1995-96 and
1998-99.
INSTITUTION
Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC.; College and Univ.
Personnel Association, Washington, DC.
PUB DATE
1999-00-00
NOTE
19p.; For other salary-trend studies for 1998-96 and
1998-99, see HE 032 427 479.
PUB TYPE
Reports
Research (143)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Academic Education; *College Faculty; Comparative Analysis;
General Education; Higher Education; Intellectual
Disciplines; *Private Colleges; *Public Colleges;
Statistical Analysis; Tables (Data); *Teacher Education;
*Teacher Salaries; Technical Education; Trend Analysis;
Vocational Education Teachers
*Classification of Instructional Programs
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
This report, covering 4,979 faculty in teacher education,
specific academic and vocational programs, is part of an annual national
survey of faculty salaries. The survey is in two parts: one covering public
and one covering private four-year colleges and universities. Data for the
1995-96 baseline year and 1998-99 trend year were collected for full-time
teaching faculty in 53 selected academic disciplines from 279 public and 386
private institutions. The first section of the report defines the methodology
and terms used; this is followed by a data page listing average salaries for
both public and private participating institutions by faculty rank (including
a new assistant professor rank), faculty mix percent, and salary factors. A
concluding section compares salary trend information for both public and
private institutions for each of the 2 study years with trend information for
all fields and with the Consumer Price Index. It notes that, in 1995-96,
average teacher education faculty salaries in public and private institutions
were, respectively, 12.8 percent and 19.2 percent below the average for all
ranks in all major fields. In 1998-99, these averages were, respectively, 7.3
percent and 23.1 percent below the average across fields. Appended is a list
of the 53 selected academic disciplines, as well as lists of the
participating public and private colleges.
(CH)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN TEACHER EDUCATION,
SPECIFIC ACADEMIC AND VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS
o
FOR THE YEARS
1995-96 AND 1998-99
Foreword
by
Richard D. Howe
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
Association (CUPA) in Washington,
Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel
NC, have conducted annual na-
DC, in cooperation with Appalachian State University in Boone,
1998-99. Two separate sur-
tional faculty salary surveys by discipline and rank each year through
public senior colleges and universities and the other for
veys are conducted each year, one for
private senior colleges and universities.
collected and tabulated for full-
Salary data from the 1995-96 and 1998-99 surveys were
fields chosen from among those
time teaching faculty in 53 selected academic disciplines/major
defined by A Classification of Instructional Programs, 1990.
of the overall aver-
Each of the 53 academic disciplines/major fields presents a summary
of 1995-96 to
academic discipline/major field from the "baseline year"
age salary increase in that
and private participating institutions.
and including the "trend year" of 1998-99 for both public
public survey of 1995-96, 279 also
Of the 329 public institutions which participated in CUPA's
institutions were used in both the
participated in the 1998-99 survey. Data from those same 279
which participated in CUPA's
baseline year and the trend year studies. Of the 530 institutions
1998-99 survey. Data from those same
private survey of 1995-96, 386 also participated in the
the trend year.
386 institutions were used in both the baseline year and
Education, Specific Academic and
In addition to listing the average salaries in Teacher
institutions by rank, including
Vocational Programs for both public and private participating
(FAC MIX PCT) and the salary
"new assistant professor," and listing the faculty mix percentage
and the two private surveys for
factor, comparisons are made between the two public surveys
with the CPI (Consumer Price index) of
each of the two study years (1995-96 and 1998-99) and
changes in cost-of-living.
fields surveyed, including Teacher
The list of all 53 selected academic disciplines/major
is found in appendix A, and the lists
Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs,
found in appendixes B (public) and C
of all participating senior colleges and universities are
(private) of this article.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS
CENTER (ERIC)
BEEN GRANTED BY
Biel -his document has been reproduced
as
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
R. Howe
C()
received from the person or organization
originating it.
Minor changes have been made to
improve reproduction quality.
2
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
Points of view or opinions stated in this
document do not necessarily represent
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
official OERI position or policy.
1
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN
TEACHER EDUCATION, SPECIFIC ACADEMIC AND VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS
FOR THE YEARS
1995-96 AND 1998-99
by
Richard D. Howe
Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel Association (CUPA) in Washington,
D.C., in cooperation with Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina, has conducted
two annual national faculty salary studies by discipline and rank through 1998-99: one for public
senior colleges and universities, and the other for private senior colleges and universities.
Salary data for each study were collected and tabulated for full-time teaching faculty in 53
selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among those defined by A Classification
of Instructional Programs *(CIP), 1990, including Teacher Education, Specific Academic and
Vocational Programs. The CIP defines the discipline/major field of Teacher Education, Specific
Academic and Vocational Programs as,
A group of instructional programs that prepares individuals to teach
subject matter in specific academic and vocational programs at
various educational levels.*
[*A Classification of Instructional Programs (Washington, D.C.:
National Center for Education Statistics, [1990]. P. 80
13.1300).]
This article summarizes the overall average salary increases in the discipline/major field of
Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs for both public and private instit-
utions from the "baseline year" of 1995-96 to and including the "trend year" of 1998-99. Of the 329
institutions which participated in CUPA's PUBLIC study of 1995-96, 279 also participated in 1998-
99. Data from those same 279 institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. Of
the 530 institutions which participated in CUPA's PRIVATE study of 1995-96, 386 also participated
1
and the trend
in 1998-99. Data from those same 386 institutions were used in both the baseline year
year.
field of Teacher Education,
This article lists the average salaries for the discipline/major
institutions
Specific Academic and Vocational Programs for both public and private participating
PCT (faculty mix
by rank, including NEW ASST PROF (new assistant professor), the FAC MIX
the CPI's (Consumer
percentage), and the SALARY FACTOR. Comparisons are also made using
study years (1995-
Price Index) changes in cost-of-living between the two studies for each of the two
96 and 1998-99).
prices of food, clothing,
The CPI uses a base period of 1982-84 and measures/tabulates
and services people
shelter and fuels, transportation, medical care, entertainment and other goods
consider any
buy for day-to-day living. When examining trends in faculty salary, it is important to
in the faculty
changes in the purchasing power of salaries due to inflation. Comparing changes
salary increases are, that is,
salaries with the CPI gives one a more precise view of what "real"
buying power.
of full-time faculty, and
The salary is based on a nine- or 10-month academic year salary
academic work, fringe
does no.1 include any faculty teaching less than 51 percent. Salary for summer
is based on the
benefits, and perquisites are also not included in the salary data. The average salary
salary displayed
study information with the assumption that all employees are full-time. The average
is an average of all faculty salaries reported for a given rank and discipline.
included to compute
"NUM" refers to the number of faculty members whose salaries were
the average salary.
academic rank
"N/IN" refers to the number of institutions that reported salary data for a given
and discipline/major field.
2
The FAC MIX PCT represents the percentage of faculty in a given discipline/majorfield who
hold a given academic rank. For example, a FAC MIX PCT factor of 29.1 for associate professors
of Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs in the 1995-96 public study
field held the rank of associate
means that 29.1 percent of the faculty in that discipline/major
professor.
The SALARY FACTOR for a given rank in a given discipline/major field represents the
ratio of the average salary to the total average salary of all institutions in each of the four studies:
PUBLIC 1995-96, PUBLIC 1998-99, PRIVATE 1995-96 and PRIVATE 1998-99. For example, a
SALARY FACTOR of 0.93 for associate professors in the discipline/major field of Teacher
Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs in the 1995-96 public study means that their
salary for all associate professors in all
average salary is seven percent higher than the average
institutions in that study.
NEW ASST PROF refers to the grouping of assistant professors hired for the first time in
the fall of the study year (1995-96 or 1998-99). All information for this group was included in the
ASST PROF group for reporting purposes.
ALL MAJOR FIELDS refers to the entire data base for all 53 disciplines/majorfields in each
of the four studies. Among other things, it is used to compare the discipline/major field of Teacher
Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs with the entire data base for each study.
The reader will find the size of the sample on which each percentage or dollar value is based
the effect of extreme
to be of particular importance. The smaller the number in the group, the greater
also be noted that any large disparity
scores on a descriptive statistic such as the average. It should
will
in the sample sizes between the "baseline year" of 1995-96 and the "trend year" of 1998-99
lessen the reliability and validity of any conclusions that one might make based on a simple
comparison of averages.
3
5
NEW ASST
ASST
ASSOC
ALL RANKS
INSTRUCTOR
PROF
PROF
PROF
PROF
N/IN
SALARY NUM
SALARY NUM. N/IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
Vocational Programs
MAJOR FIELD: Teacher Education, Specific Academic and
pUBLIC. 1995-96:
AVERAGE
1467
102
43051
54
28983
143
40
33016
75
495
36719
91
427
44040
91
402
54802
SALARY:
81
FAC MIX
100.0%
9.7%
5.1%
33.7%
29.1%
27.4%
PCT:
SALARY
0.89
0.99
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.90
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
279
90660
48543
5946 251
4205 272
29192
36754
25458 279
27143 279
39120
47365
32113 279
60591
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
6.6%
4.6%
28.1%
29.9%
35.4%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
Programs
MAJOR FIELD: Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational
PUBLIC. 1998-99:
AVERAGE
2272
120
49725
56
32969
185
64
40310
128
714
112
40947
650
111
50077
723
107
62366
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
8.1%
5.6%
31.4%
28.6%
31.8%
PCT:
SALARY
0.93
1.02
0.99
0.96
0.96
0.93
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
279
89174
53370
6254 239
4386 260
32241
40911
24888 279
26937 279
42557
52140
31095 279
67342
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
7.0%
4.9%
27.9%
30.2%
34.9%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
Programs
MAJOR FIELD: Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational
PRIVATE. 1995-96:
AVERAGE
554
40502
83
22
27925
16
25
34
33968
64
225
35299
66
41543
187
54
SALARY:
120
50941
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.0%
6.1%
40.6%
33.8%
21.7%
PCT:
SALARY
0.84
0.91
0.95
0.93
0.90
0.82
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
386
43114
1983 292
48264
30749
350
2041
35928
386
13141
38154
385
13559
46184
SALARY:
382
61833
14431
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.6%
4.7%
30.5%
31.4%
33.5%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
Programs
MAJOR FIELD: Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational
PRIVATE. 1998-99:
AVERAGE
686
44135
113
27
31459
39
37
36276
51
257
37826
91
92
224
44959
SALARY:
66
166
55767
FAC MIX
100.0%
5.7%
7.4%
37.5%
32.7%
24.2%
PCT:
SALARY
0.81
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.88
FACTOR:
0.79
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
386
44803
1974 294
54316
34625
339
2178
13139 386
39867
41924
386
14285
51127
SALARY:
383
70365
15405
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.4%
4.9%
29.3%
31.9%
PCT:
34,4%
4
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6
RESULTS OF THE TWO PUBLIC STUDIES: 1995-96 AND 1998-99
of Teacher
In the PUBLIC 1995-96 study in the above table, the discipline/major field
public
Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs was reported in 102 of the 279
institutions. The average salary of the 1,467 faculty was $43,051. This average salary was
faculty in ALL
approximately 12.8 percent lower than the average salary of $48,543 for all 90,660
MAJOR FIELDS in the same 1995-96 public study.
Education, Specific
For the PUBLIC 1998-99 salary study in the above table, Teacher
institutions. The
Academic and Vocational Programs was reported in 120 of the same 279 public
$49,725. This average salary was approximately 7.3 percent
average salary of the 2,272 faculty was
FIELDS in the 1998-
lower than the average salary of $53,370 for all 89,174 faculty in ALL MAJOR
99 public study.
discipline/major field of
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in the
public institutions studied
Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs in the
$43,051 equals $6,674). The CPI of increase cost-of-living
was 15.5 percent ($49,725 minus
with the CPI, there was
between October 1995 and October 1998 was 6.7 percent. In comparison,
Specific Academic and Vocational Programs average
a relative increase in Teacher Education,
of 2.9 percent each year
faculty salaries over the three-year period by 8.8 percent or an average
above the cost-of-living.
three years in
The increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS over
$4,827). In compar-
the public institutions studied was 9.9 percent ($53,370 minus $48,543 equals
and Vocational Programs
ison to the discipline/majorfield of Teacher Education, Specific Academic
their salaries of 5.6
(15.5%), the faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS received a relative increase in
Teacher Education, Specific Academic
percent less than the faculty in the discipline/major field of
5
7
and Vocational Programs.
Education, Specific Academic
In the 1995-96 study the faculty mix percentage in Teacher
professor rank: 27.4
and Vocational Progiams is lower at the professor rank than at the assistant
31.4 percent. The differences in
percent vs. 33.7 percent; in the 1998-99 study it is 31.8 percent vs.
MAJOR FIELDS
faculty mix percentage at the ranks of professor and assistant professors in ALL
27.9 percent
for both public studies are 35.4 percent vs. 28.1 percent (1995-96) and 34.9 percent vs.
(1998-99).
Specific Academic
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in Teacher Education,
hiring rate of ALL MAJOR
and Vocational Programs in the public studies was higher than the
and higher in 1998-99, 5.6
FIELDS in 1995-96, 5.1 percent (75/1,467) vs 4.6 percent (4,205/90,660)
percent (128/2,272) vs. 4.9 percent (4,386/89,174).
RESULTS OF THE TWO PRIVATE STUDIES: 1995-96 AND 1998-99
the discipline/major
The PRIVATE 1995-96 salary study in the above table indicates that
reported in 83 of the
field of Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs was
$40,502, an average salary 19.2
386 private institutions. The average salary of the 554 faculty was
43,114 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in
percent lower than the average salary of $48,264 for all
the 1995-96 private study.
of the same 386 private
In the PRIVATE 1998-99 salary study in the above table,113
Programs. The average
institutions reported Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational
lower than the average salary
salary of the 686 faculty was $44,135, an average salary 23.1 percent
1998-99 private study.
of $54,316 for all 44,803 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the
Education, Specific
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in Teacher
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8
Academic and Vocational Programs in the private institutions studied was 9.0 percent ($44,135
minus $40,502 equals $3,633). The CPI increased cost-of-livingbetween October 1995 and October
1998 was 6.7 percent. A more realistic increase, therefore, in the average faculty salaries of Teacher
Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs over the three-year time period, is 2.3
percent or 0.8 percent each year above the cost-of-living.
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the
private institutions studied was 12.5 percent ($54,316 minus $48,264 equals $6,052). In comparison
the faculty in ALL
to Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs (9.0%),
Education,
MAJOR FIELDS increased their salaries 3.5 percent more than faculty in Teacher
Specific Academic and Vocational Programs.
For both studies in the discipline/major field of Teacher Education, Specific Academic and
Vocational Programs, the faculty mix percentage is lower at the professor rank in comparison to the
assistant professor rank: 21.7 percent vs. 40.6 percent (1995-96); and 24.2 percent vs 37.5 percent,
(1998-99). The differences in the ranks of professor and assistant professor in ALL MAJOR FIELDS
for both private studies are 33.5 percent vs. 30.5 percent (1995-96) and 34.4 percent vs. 29.3 percent
(1998-99).
Finally, the hiring rate for new assistant professors in Teacher Education, Specific Academic
and Vocational Programs was higher than the hiring rate in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1995-96
private study: 6.1 percent (34/554) vs. 4.7 percent (2,041/43,114) and lower in the 1998-99 private
study: 7.4 percent (51/686) vs. 4.9 percent (2,178/44,803).
CONCLUSION
This article presents salary-trend information on the academic discipline/major field of
7
9
Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs and compares that information with
both ALL MAJOR FIELDS and the CPI over a period of three years, from the "baseline year" of
1995-96 through the "trend year" of 1998-99. Two studies--one for public institutions, and the other
for private institutions- -were conducted for the baseline year and for the trend year--a total of four
studies. A total of 4,979 (1.9%) faculty in the discipline/major field of Teacher Education, Specific
Academic and Vocational Programs participated and were included in the 53 disciplines/major
fields in each of the four studies and in the overall total of 267,751 participating faculty. The
institutions in the United States participated
same 279 public institutions and the same 386 private
in the baseline year and in the trend year.
Although the public and private studies data may be interpreted in a variety of ways, several
significant points are as follows. First, the average faculty salary factors in the discipline/majorfield
study
of Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs for the 1995-96 public
FIELDS (1.00); and for the 1995-96
was 11.0 percent less than that of all ranks in ALL MAJOR
private study it was 16.0 percent lower than the average faculty salary factors for all ranks in ALL
factors for
MAJOR FIELDS (1.00). In both the public and private studies the average faculty salary
all ranks in Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs in 1998-99 were seven
in ALL MAJOR
percent lower and 19.0 percent lower than the average salary factors for all ranks
FIELDS (1.00), respectively.
Second, the October 1998 CPI reflects an 6.7 percent increase over the October 1995 CPI and
indicates that the faculty in Teacher Education, Specific Academic and Vocational Programs in the
public institutions received an average annual salary increase of 2.9 percent above the cost-of-living.
cost-of-living.
In the private institutions the annual average salary increase was 0.8 percent above the
Third, in the 1995-96 public study and the 1995-96 and 1998-99 private studies in Teacher
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10