ERIC ED435252: Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Psychology, General for the Years 1995-96 and 1998-99.

20 Pages·1999·0.26 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
HE 032 470
ED 435 252
AUTHOR
Howe, Richard D.
Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Psychology, General for the
TITLE
Years 1995-96 and 1998-99.
Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC.; College and Univ.
INSTITUTION
Personnel Association, Washington, DC.
PUB DATE
1999-00-00
19p.; For other salary-trend studies for 1995-96 and
NOTE
1998-99, see HE 032 427-479.
PUB TYPE Reports
Research (143)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
*College Faculty; Comparative Analysis; Higher Education;
Intellectual Disciplines; *Private Colleges; *Psychology;
*Public Colleges; Statistical Data; *Teacher Salaries; Trend
Analysis
*Classification of Instructional Programs
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
This report, covering 11,386 faculty in general psychology,
is part of an annual national survey of faculty salaries. The survey is in
two parts one covering public and one covering private four-year colleges and
universities. Data for the 1995-96 baseline year and 1998-99 trend year were
collected for full-time teaching faculty in 53 selected academic disciplines
from 279 public and 386 private institutions. The first section of the report
defines the methodology and terms used; this is followed by a data page
listing average salaries for both public and private participating
institutions by faculty rank (including a new assistant professor rank),
faculty mix percent, and salary factors. A concluding section compares salary
trend information for both public and private institutions for each of the 2
study years with trend information for all fields and with the Consumer Price
Index. It notes that, in 1995-96, general psychology faculty salaries in
public institutions were 0.3 percent higher than the average for all ranks in
all major fields, while salaries at private institutions were 2.7 percent
higher than average percent lower than average. In 1998-99 salaries at public
institutions were 3.7 percent higher than average; those at private
institutions were 5.5 percent lower than average. Appended is a list of the
53 selected academic disciplines, as well as lists of the participating
public and private colleges.
(CH)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
GENERAL
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN PSYCHOLOGY,
FOR THE YEARS
1995-96 AND 1998-99
kr)
kr)
cf-)
Foreword
zr
,
A
by
Richard D. Howe
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
Association (CUPA) in Washington,
Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel
University in Boone, NC, have conducted annual na-
DC, in cooperation with Appalachian State
each year through 1998-99. Two separate sur-
tional faculty salary surveys by discipline and rank
and the other for
for public senior colleges and universities
veys are conducted each year, one
private senior colleges and universities.
collected and tabulated for full-
Salary data from the 1995-96 and 1998-99 surveys were
disciplines/major fields chosen from among those
time teaching faculty in 53 selected academic
1990.
defined by A Classification of Instructional Programs.
of the overall aver-
Each of the 53 academic disciplines/major fields presents a summary
year" of 1995-96 to
academic discipline/major field from the "baseline
age salary increase in that
both public and private participating institutions.
and including the "trend year" of 1998-99 for
CUPA's public survey of 1995-96, 279 also
Of the 329 public institutions which participated in
279 institutions were used in both the
participated in the 1998-99 survey. Data from those same
the 530 institutions which participated in CUPA's
baseline year and the trend year studies. Of
in the 1998-99 survey. Data from those same
private survey of 1995-96, 386 also participated
and the trend year.
386 institutions were used in both the baseline year
Psychology, General for both public and
In addition to listing the average salaries in
the
including "new assistant professor," and listing
private participating institutions by rank,
the salary factor, comparisons are made between
faculty mix percentage (FAC MIX PCT) and
and
for each of the two study years (1995-96
the two public surveys and the two private surveys
index) of changes in cost-of-living.
1998-99) and with the CPI (Consumer Price
fields surveyed, including
The list of all 53 selected academic disciplines/major
and the lists of all participating senior colleges
Psychology, General, is found in appendix A,
(public) and C (private) of this article.
and universities are t'ound in appendixes B
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research
and Improvement
PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION
DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS
BEST COPYAVAILABLE
CENTER (ERIC)
BEEN GRANTED BY
Cifofhis document
has been reproduced as
R. Howe
received from the person
or organization
originating it.
fZi Minor changes have been
made to
improve reproduction quality.
2
° Points of view or opinions
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
stated in this
document do not necessarily
represent
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
official OERI position or policy.
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN
PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL
FOR THE YEARS
1995-96 AND 1998-99
by
Richard D. Howe
Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel Association (CUPA) in Washington,
D.C., in cooperation with Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina, has conducted
two annual national faculty salary studies by discipline and rank through 1998-99: one for public
senior colleges and universities, and the other for private senior colleges and universities.
Salary data for each study were collected and tabulated for full-time teaching faculty in 53
selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among those defined by A Classification
of Instructional Programs *(CIP), 1990, including Psychology, General. The CP defines the
discipline/major field of Psychology, General as,
A group of instructional programs that generally describes the
scientific study of individual and collective behavior, the physical and
environmental bases of behavior, and the analysis and treatment of
Includes instruction in the
behavior problems and disorders.
principles of the various subfields of psychology, research methods,
and psychological assessment and testing methods.*
[ *A Classification of Instructional Programs (Washington, D.C.:
National Center for Education Statistics, [1990]. P. 136 --
42.0100).]
This article summarizes the overall average salary increases in the discipline/major field of
Psychology, General for both public and private institutions from the "baseline year" of 1995-96 to
and including the "trend year" of 1998-99. Of the 329 institutions which participated in CUPA's
PUBLIC study of 1995-96, 279 also participated in 1998-99. Data from those same 279 institutions
participated in
were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. Of the 530 institutions which
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CUPA's PRIVATE study of 1995-96, 386 also participated in 1998-99. Data from those same 386
institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year.
This article lists the average salaries for the discipline/major field of Psychology, General
for both public and private participating institutions by rank, including NEW ASST PROF (new
assistant professor), the FAC MIX PCT (faculty mix percentage), and the SALARY FACTOR.
Comparisons are also made using the CPI's (Consumer Price Index) changes in cost-of-living
between the two studies for each of the two study years (1995-96 and 1998-99).
The CPI uses a base period of 1982-84 and measures/tabulates prices of food, clothing,
shelter and fuels, transportation, medical care, entertainment and other goods and services people
buy for day-to-day living. When examining trends in faculty salary, it is important to consider any
changes in the purchasing power of salaries due to inflation. Comparing changes in the faculty
salaries with the CPI gives one a more precise view of what "real" salary increases are, that is,
buying power.
The salary is based on a nine- or 10-month academic year salary of full-time faculty, and
does not include any faculty teaching less than 51 percent. Salary for summer academic work, fringe
benefits, and perquisites are also not included in the salary data. The average salary is based on the
study information with the assumption that all employees are full-time. The average salary displayed
is an average of all faculty salaries reported for a given rank and discipline.
"NUM" refers to the number of faculty members whose salaries were included to compute
the average salary.
"N/IN" refers to the number of institutions that reported salary data for a given academic rank
and discipline/major field.
The FAC MIX PCT represents the percentage of faculty in a given discipline/majorfield who
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hold a given academic rank. For example, a FAC MIX PCT factor of 28.9 for associate professors
of Psychology, General in the 1995-96 public study means that 28.9 percent of the faculty in that
discipline/major field held the rank of associate professor.
The SALARY FACTOR for a given rank in a given discipline/major field represents the
ratio of the average salary to the total average salary of all institutions in each of the four studies:
PUBLIC 1995-96, PUBLIC 1998-99, PRIVATE 1995-96 and PRIVATE 1998-99. For example, a
SALARY FACTOR of 0.96 for associate professors in the discipline/major field of Psychology,
General in the 1995-96 public study means that their average salary is four percent lower than the
average salary for all associate professors in all institutions in that study.
NEW ASST PROF refers to the grouping of assistant professors hired for the first time in
the fall of the study year (1995-96 or 1998-99). All information for this group was included in the
ASST PROF group for reporting purposes.
ALL MAJOR FIELDS refers to the entire data base for all 53 disciplines/majorfields in each
of the four studies. Among other things, it is used to compare the discipline/major field of
Psychology, General with the entire data base for each study.
The reader will find the size of the sample on which each percentage or dollar value is based
to be of particular importance. The smaller the number in the group, the greater the effect of extreme
large disparity
scores on a descriptive statistic such as the average. It should also be noted that any
in the sample sizes between the "baseline year" of 1995-96 and the "trend year" of 1998-99 will
lessen the reliability and validity of any conclusions that one might make based on a simple
comparison of averages.
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NEW ASST
ASST
ASSOC
ALL RANKS
INSTRUCTOR
PROF
PROF
PROF
PROF
N/IN
SALARY NUM
SALARY NUM N/1N SALARY NUM NAN SALARY NUM N/1N
SALARY NUM N/1N
SALARY NUM N/IN
DISCIPLINE: PSYCHOLOGY
MAJOR FIELD: Psychology, General
PUBLIC.1995-96:
AVERAGE
259
3692
48700
30222
89
55
120
35000
245
171
958
36884
234
45255
1067
245
59246
1578
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
2.4%
4.6%
25.9%
28.9%
42.7%
PCT:
SALARY
1.00
1.04
0.95
0.94
0.96
0.98
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
279
90660
48543
5946
29192
251
4205 272
36754
25458 279
39120
279
27143
47365
279
32113
60591
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
6.6%
4.6%
28.1%
29.9%
35.4%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: PSYCHOLOGY
MAJOR FIELD: Psychology, General
PUBLIC. 1998-99:
AVERAGE
256
3672
53569
31197
74
51
38784
109
163
240
40153
992
229
49448
1052
242
1554
65989
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
2.0%
4.4%
27.0%
28.6%
42.3%
PCT:
SALARY
1.00
0.97
0.95
0.94
0.95
0.98
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
279
89174
53370
239
6254
32241
260
4386
40911
24888 279
42557
279
26937
52140
279
31095
67342
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
7.0%
4.9%
27.9%
30.2%
34.9%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: PSYCHOLOGY
MAJOR FIELD: Psychology, General
PRIVATE. 1995-96:
AVERAGE
353
46987
1988
32
29256
34
33928
83
117
261
556
35797
260
626
43399
272
772
58737
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
1.7%
5.9%
28.0%
31.5%
38.8%
PCT:
SALARY
0.97
0.95
0.94
0.94
0.94
FACTOR: 0.95
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
386
43114
48264
292
30749
1983
350
35928
386
2041
38154
385
13141
13559
46184
382
SALARY: 61833
14431
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.6%
4.7%
30.5%
31.4%
PCT:
33.5%
DISCIPLINE: PSYCHOLOGY
MAJOR FIELD: Psychology, General
PRIVATE. 1998-99:
AVERAGE
352
2034
51498
31497
25
30
94
38100
116
265
39353
262
603
47636
617
283
784
SALARY: 64645
FAC MIX
100.0%
1.5%
5.7%
29.6%
30.3%
PCT:
38.5%
SALARY
0.95
0.91
0.96
0.94
0.93
FACTOR:
0.92
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
386
44803
54316
294
34625
1974
339
13139 386
2178
39867
41924
386
51127
14285
383
SALARY:
15405
70365
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.4%
4.9%
29.3%
31.9%
PCT:
34.4%
4 6 BEST COPY AVAILABLE
RESULTS OF THE TWO PUBLIC STUDIES: 1995-96 AND 1998-99
In the PUBLIC 1995-96 study in the above table, the discipline/major field of Psychology,
General was reported in 259 of the 279 public institutions. The average salary of the 3,692 faculty
was $48,700. This average salary was approximately .3 percent higher than the average salary of
$48,543 for all 90,660 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the same 1995-96 public study.
For the PUBLIC 1998-99 salary study in the above table, Psychology, General was reported
in 256 of the same 279 public institutions. The average salary of the 3,672 faculty was $53,569. This
average salary was approximately 3.7 percent higher than the average salary of $53,370 for all
89,174 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1998-99 public study.
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in the discipline/major field of
Psychology, General in the public institutions studied was 10.0 percent ($53,569 minus $48,700
equals $4,869). The CPI of increase cost-of-livingbetween October 1994 and October 1998 was 6.7
percent. In comparison, with the CPI, there was a relative increase in Psychology, General average
faculty salaries over the three-year period by 3.3 percent or an average of 1.1 percent each year
above the cost-of-living.
The increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS over three years in
the public institutions studied was 9.9 percent ($53,370 minus $48,543 equals $4,827). In
comparison to the discipline/major field of Psychology, General (10.0%), the faculty in ALL
MAJOR FIELDS received a relative increase in their salaries of .1 percent less than the faculty in
the discipline/major field of Psychology, General.
In the 1995-96 study the faculty mix percentage in Psychology, General is higher at the
professor rank than at the assistant professor rank: 42.7 percent vs. 25.9 percent; in the 1998-99
study it is 42.3 percent vs. 27.0 percent. The differences in faculty mix percentage at the ranks of
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professor and assistant professors in ALL MAJOR FIELDS for both public studies are 35.4 percent
vs. 28.1 percent (1995-96) and 34.9 percent vs. 27.9 percent (1998-99).
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in Psychology, General in the public
studies was lower than the hiring rate of ALL MAJOR FIELDS in 1995-96, 4.6 percent (171/3,692)
vs 4.6 percent (4,205/90,660) and lower in 1998-99, 4.4 percent (163/3,672) vs. 4.9 percent
(4,386/89,174).
RESULTS OF THE TWO PRIVATE STUDIES: 1995-96 AND 1998-99
The PRIVATE 1995-96 salary study in the above table indicates that the discipline/major
field of Psychology, General was reported in 353 of the 386 private institutions. The average salary
of the 1,988 faculty was $46,987, an average salary 2.7 percent lower than the average salary of
$48,264 for all 43,114 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1995-96 private study.
In the PRIVATE 1998-99 salary study in the above table, 352 of the same 386 private
institutions reported Psychology, General. The average salary of the 2,034 faculty was $51,498, an
faculty in ALL
average salary 5.5 percent lower than the average salary of $54,316 for all 44,803
MAJOR FIELDS in the 1998-99 private study.
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in Psychology, General in the
private institutions studied was 9.6 percent ($51,498 minus $46,987 equals $4,511). The CPI
increased cost-of-living between October 1994 and October 1998 was 6.7 percent. A more realistic
increase, therefore, in the average faculty salaries of Psychology, General over the three-year time
period, is 2.9 percent or 1.0 percent each year above the cost-of-living.
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the
private institutions studied was 12.5 percent ($54,316 minus $48,264 equals $6,052). In comparison
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MAJOR FIELDS increased their salaries 2.9
to Psychology, General (9.6%), the faculty in ALL
percent more than faculty in Psychology, General.
For both studies in the discipline/major field of Psychology, General, the faculty mix
percentage is higher at the professor rank in comparison to the assistant professor rank: 38.8 percent
The differences in the ranks
vs. 28.0 percent (1995-96); and 38.5 percent vs 29.6 percent, (1998-99).
of professor and assistant professor in ALL MAJOR FIELDS for both private studies are 33.5
percent vs. 30.5 percent (1995-96) and 34.4 percent vs. 29.3 percent (1998-99).
Finally, the hiring rate for new assistant professors in Psychology, General was higher than
the hiring rate in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1995-96 private study: 5.9 percent (117/1,988) vs.
4.7 percent (2,041/43,114) and higher in the 1998-99 private study: 5.7 percent (116/2,034) vs. 4.9
percent (2,178/44,803).
CONCLUSION
This article presents salary-trend information on the academic discipline/major field of
Psychology, General and compares that information with both ALL MAJOR FIELDS and the CPI
through the "trend year" of 1998-
over a period of three years, from the "baseline year" of 1995-96
99. Two studies- -one for public institutions, and the other for private institutions--were conducted
for the baseline year and for the trend year--a total of four studies. A total of 11,386 (4.3%) faculty
in the discipline/major field of Psychology, General participated and were included in the 53
disciplines/major fields in each of the four studies and in the overall total of 267,751 participating
faculty. The same 279 public institutions and the same 386 private institutions in the United
States participated in the baseline year and in the trend year.
Although the public and private studies data may be interpreted in a variety of ways, several
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significant points are as follows. First, the average faculty salary factors in the discipline/majorfield
of Psychology, General for the 1995-96 public study was virtually the same as that of all ranks in
ALL MAJOR FIELDS (1.00); and for the 1995-96 private study it was three percent higher than the
(1.00). In both the public and
average faculty salary factors for all ranks in ALL MAJOR FIELDS
private studies the average faculty salary factors for all ranks in Psychology, General in 1998-99
salary factors for all ranks in ALL
were virtually the same and five percent lower than the average
MAJOR FIELDS (1.00), respectively.
Second, the October 1998 CPI reflects an 6.7 percent increase over the October 1994 CPI and
indicates that the faculty in Psychology, General in the public institutions received an average annual
salary increase of 1.1 percent above the cost-of-living. In the private institutions the annual average
salary increase was 1.0 percent above the cost-of-living.
Third, in both the 1995-96 and 1998-99 public studies in Psychology, General, the professor
rank FAC MIX PCTs are higher than those for the assistant professor rank. In the 1995-96 and 1998-
99 private studies the FAC MIX PCTS were higher at the professor rank than at the assistant
professor rank, as well.
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in Psychology, General in the 1995-96 and
1998-99 public studies were lower than the hiring rate of ALL MAJOR FIELDS. However, in the
hiring rate for new assistant professors in the 1995-96 and 1998-99 private studies were higher than
the hiring rate for ALL MAJOR FIELDS.
Because a significant data base of average faculty salaries in the academic discipline/major
field of Psychology, General has now been developed, it is anticipated that this information will
interested administrators and professors.
serve as a valuable reference and evaluation tool for
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