ERIC ED435246: Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies for the Years 1995-96 and 1998-99.

20 Pages·1999·0.26 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
HE 032 464
ED 435 246
AUTHOR
Howe, Richard D.
Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Parks, Recreation and
TITLE
Leisure Studies for the Years 1995-96 and 1998-99.
Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC.; College and Univ.
INSTITUTION
Personnel Association, Washington, DC.
1999-00-00
PUB DATE
19p.; For other salary-trend studies for 1995-96 and
NOTE
1998-99, see HE 032 427-479.
PUB TYPE
Reports
Research (143)
EDRS PRICE
MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage.
*College Faculty; Comparative Analysis; Higher Education;
DESCRIPTORS
Intellectual Disciplines; *Leisure Education; *Parks;
*Private Colleges; *Public Colleges; Recreational
Facilities; Statistical Data; *Teacher Salaries; Trend
Analysis
*Classification of Instructional Programs
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
This report, covering 4,562 parks, recreation, and leisure
faculty, is part of an annual national survey of faculty salaries. The survey
consists of two parts: one covering public and one covering private four-year
colleges and universities. Data for the baseline year 1995-96 and the trend
year 1998-99 were collected for full-time teaching faculty in 53 selected
academic disciplines from 279 public and 386 private institutions. The first
section of the report defines the methodology and terms used; this is
followed by a data page listing average salaries for both public and private
participating institutions by faculty rank (including a new assistant
professor rank), faculty mix percent, and salary factors. A concluding
section compares salary trend information for both public and private
institutions for the 2 study years with trend information for all fields and
with the Consumer Price Index. It notes that for both public and private
institutions average parks, recreation, and leisure studies faculty salaries
in 1995-96 were, respectively, 12.5 percent and 25.9 percent lower than those
for all ranks in all major fields; in 1998-99, salaries in public and private
institutions were, respectively, 13.4 percent and 26.8 percent lower than
average salaries in all major fields. Appended is a list of the 53 selected
academic disciplines, as well as lists of the participating public and
private colleges.
(CH)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN
PARKS, RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES
FOR THE YEARS
1995-96 AND 1998-99
Foreword
by
Richard D. Howe
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel Association (CUPA) in Washington,
DC, in cooperation with Appalachian State University in Boone, NC, have conducted annual na-
tional faculty salary surveys by discipline and rank each year through 1998-99. Two separate sur-
veys are conducted each year, one for public senior colleges and universities and the other for
private senior colleges and universities.
Salary data from the 1995-96 and 1998-99 surveys were collected and tabulated for full-
time teaching faculty in 53 selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among those
defined by A Classification of Instructional Programs. 1990.
Each of the 53 academic disciplines/major fields presents a summary of the overall aver-
age salary increase in that academic discipline/major field from the "baseline year" of 1995-96 to
and including the "trend year" of 1998-99 for both public and private participating institutions.
Of the 329 public institutions which participated in CUPA's public survey of 1995-96, 279 also
participated in the 1998-99 survey. Data from those same 279 institutions were used in both the
baseline year and the trend year studies. Of the 530 institutions which participated in CUPA's
private survey of 1995-96, 386 also participated in the 1998-99 survey. Data from those same
386 institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year.
In addition to listing the average salaries in Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies for
both public and private participating institutions by rank, including "new assistant professor,"
and listing the faculty mix percentage (FAC MIX PCT) and the salary factor, comparisons are
made between the two public surveys and the two private surveys for each of the two study years
(1995-96 and 1998-99) and with the CPI (Consumer Price index) of changes in cost-of-living.
The list of all 53 selected academic disciplines/major fields surveyed, including
Recreation and Leisure Studies, is found in appendix A, and the lists of all participating senior
colleges and universities are found in appendixes B (public) and C (private) of this article.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
AND
DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL
CENTER (ERIC)
HAS
fiThis document
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
has been reproduced as
BEEN GRANTED BY
received from the person or organization
R. Howe
originating it.
Minor changes have been made to
improve reproduction quality.
Points of view or opinions stated in this
TO THE EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
document do not necessarily represent
INFORMATION CENTER
official OERI position or policy,
(ERIC)
9
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN
PARKS, RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES
FOR THE YEARS
1995-96 AND 1998-99
by
Richard D. Howe
Association (CUPA) in Washington,
Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel
in Boone, North Carolina, has conducted
D.C., in cooperation with Appalachian State University
discipline and rank through 1998-99: one for public
two annual national faculty salary studies by
senior colleges and universities.
senior colleges and universities, and the other for private
for full-time teaching faculty in 53
Salary data for each study were collected and tabulated
those defined by A Classification
selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among
Recreation and Leisure Studies. The CIP
of Instructional Programs *(CIP), 1990, including Parks,
Leisure Studies as,
defines the discipline/major field of Parks, Recreation and
the study of the
A group of instructional programs that describes
and the
principles underlying recreational and leisure activities,
recreational
practices involved in providing indoor and outdoor
facilities and services for the general public.*
(Washington, D.C.:
[*A Classification of Instructional Programs
National Center for Education Statistics, [1990]. P. 125 --
31.0100).]
in the discipline/major field of
This article summarizes the overall average salary increases
private institutions from the "baseline
Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies for both public and
1998-99. Of the 329 institutions which
year" of 1995-96 to and including the "trend year" of
participated in 1998-99. Data from
participated in CUPA's PUBLIC study of 1995-96, 279 also
and the trend year. Of the 530
those same 279 institutions were used in both the baseline year
of 1995-96, 386 also participated in
institutions which participated in CUPA's PRIVATE study
1
the base year and the trend year.
1998-99. Data from those same 386 institutions were used in both
field of Parks, Recreation and
This article lists the average salaries for the discipline/major
institutions by rank, including NEW ASST
Leisure Studies for both public and private participating
(faculty mix percentage), and the SALARY
PROF (new assistant professor), the FAC MIX PCT
(Consumer Price Index) changes in cost-of-
FACTOR. Comparisons are also made using the CPI's
(1995-96 AND 1998-99).
living between the two studies for each of the two study years
prices of food, clothing,
The CPI uses a base period of 1982-84 and measures/tabulates
and other goods and services people
shelter and fuels, transportation, medical care, entertainment
salary, it is important to consider any
buy for day-to-day living. When examining trends in faculty
inflation. Comparing changes in the faculty
changes in the purchasing power of salaries due to
of what "real" salary increases are, that is,
salaries with the CPI gives one a more precise view
buying power.
salary of full-time faculty, and
The salary is based on a nine- or 10-month academic year
Salary for summer academic work, fringe
does not include any faculty teaching less than 51 percent.
data. The average salary is based on the
benefits, and perquisites are also not included in the salary
full-time. The average salary displayed
study information with the assumption that all employees are
rank and discipline.
is an average of all faculty salaries reported for a given
salaries were included to compute
"NUM" refers to the number of faculty members whose
the average salary.
salary data for a given academic rank
"N/IN" refers to the number of institutions that reported
and discipline/major field.
in a given discipline/majorfield who
The FAC MIX PCT represents the percentage of faculty
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4
associate professors
hold a given academic rank. For example, a FAC MIX PCT factor of 27.0 for
27.0 percent of the
of Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies in the 1995-96 public study means that
faculty in that discipline/major field held the rank of associate professor.
field represents the
The SALARY FACTOR for a given rank in a given discipline/major
in each of the four studies:
ratio of the average salary to the total average salary of all institutions
1998-99. For example, a
PUBLIC 1995-96, PUBLIC 1998-99, PRIVATE 1995-96 and PRIVATE
discipline/major field of Parks,
SALARY FACTOR of 0.97 for associate professors in the
their average salary is three
Recreation and Leisure Studies in the 1995-96 public study means that
professors in all institutions in that study.
percent lower than the average salary for all associate
hired for the first time in
NEW ASST PROF refers to the grouping of assistant professors
this group was included in the
the fall of the study year (1995-96 or 1998-99). All information for
ASST PROF group for reporting purposes.
disciplines/majorfields in each
ALL MAJOR FIELDS refers to the entire data base for all 53
discipline/major field of Parks,
of the four studies. Among other things, it is used to compare the
study.
Recreation and Leisure Studies with the entire data base for each
dollar value is based
The reader will find the size of the sample on which each percentage or
in the group, the greater the effect of extreme
to be of particular importance. The smaller the number
the average. It should also be noted that any large disparity
scores on a descriptive statistic such as
"trend year" of 1998-99 will
in the sample sizes between the "baseline year" of 1995-96 and the
make based on a simple
lessen the reliability and validity of any conclusions that one might
comparison of averages.
3
5
NEW ASST
ASST
ASSOC
ALL RANKS
INSTRUCTOR
PROF
PROF
PROF
PROF
N/IN
SALARY NUM
SALARY NUM N /IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM N/1N
SALARY NUM N/IN
DISCIPLINE: PARKS, RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES
MAJOR FIELD: Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies
PUBLIC. 1995-96:
AVERAGE
43170
1466
138
65
30529
205
33959
63
85
37166
128
511
396
117
45711
354
56314
108
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
14.0%
5.8%
34.9%
27.0%
24.1%
PCT:
SALARY
0.89
1.05
0.92
0.95
0.97
0.93
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
279
90660
48543
5946 251
29192
272
4205
36754
25458 279
39120
279
27143
47365
279
32113
60591
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
6.6%
4.6%
28.1%
29.9%
35.4%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: PARKS, RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES
MAJOR FIELD: Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies
PUBLIC, 1998-99:
AVERAGE
47050
1898
171
87
34582
333
63
37778
614
41350
153
91
500
144
49789
60978
135
451
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
17.5%
4.8%
32.3%
26.3%
23.8%
PCT:
SALARY
0.88
1.07
0.92
0.97
0.95
0.91
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
89174
279
6254 239
53370
32241
4386
260
24888 279
40911
42557
279
26937
52140
279
31095
67342
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
7.0%
4.9%
27.9%
30.2%
34.9%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: PARKS, RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES
MAJOR FIELD: Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies
PRIVATE, 1995-96:
AVERAGE
104
38333
391
30
60
28281
22
34601
18
33465
129
71
64
41316
120
82
43
48981
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
15.3%
5.6%
33.0%
30.7%
21.0%
PCT:
SALARY
0.79
0.92
0.96
0.88
0.89
0.79
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
43114 386
1983 292
48264
30749
350
13141 386
35928
2041
38154
385
13559
46184
382
61833
14431
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.6%
4.7%
30.5%
31.4%
33.5%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: PARKS, RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES
MAJOR FIELD: Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies
PRIVATE. 1998-99:
AVERAGE
184
807
42830
59
31299
110
39
33558
307
127
31
38301
239
46316
120
54918
87
SALARY:
151
FAC MIX
100.0%
13.6%
4.8%
38.0%
29.6%
18.7%
PCT:
SALARY
0.79
0.90
0.84
0.91
0.78
0.91
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
386
44803
1974 294
54316
34625
339
2178
13139 386
39867
41924
386
14285
51127
383
15405
70365
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
4.4%
4.9%
29.3%
31.9%
34.4%
PCT:
4
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6
RESULTS OF THE TWO PUBLIC STUDIES: 1995-96 AND 1998-99
field of Parks,
In the PUBLIC 1995-96 study in the above table, the discipline/major
The average salary
Recreation and Leisure Studies was reported in 138 of the 279 public institutions.
lower than
of the 1,466 faculty was $43,170. This average salary was approximately 12.5 percent
in the same 1995-96
the average salary of $48,543 for all 90,660 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS
public study.
Recreation and Leisure
For the PUBLIC 1998-99 salary study in the above table, Parks,
salary of the 1,898
Studies was reported in 171 of the same 279 public institutions. The average
lower than the average
faculty was $47,050. This average salary was approximately 13.4 percent
public study.
salary of $53,370 for all 89,174 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1998-99
discipline/major field of
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in the
9.0 percent ($47,050
Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies in the public institutions studied was
October 1995 and
minus $43,170 equals $3,880). The CPI of increase cost-of-living between
relative increase in Parks,
October 1998 was 6.7 percent. In comparison, with the CPI, there was a
period by 2.3 percent or
Recreation and Leisure Studies average faculty salaries over the three-year
cost-of-living.
an average of 0.8 percent each year above the
three years in
The increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS over
$48,543 equals $4,827). In
the public institutions studied was 9.9 percent ($53,370 minus
(9.0%), the faculty
comparison to the discipline/major field of Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies
0.9 percent more than the
in ALL MAJOR FIELDS received a relative increase in their salaries of
faculty in the discipline/major field of Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies.
and Leisure Studies is
In the 1995-96 study the faculty mix percentage in Parks, Recreation
34.9 percent; in the
lower at the professor rank than at the assistant professor rank: 24.1 percent vs.
5
faculty mix percentage at the
1998-99 study it is 23.8 percent vs. 32.3 percent. The differences in
for both public studies are 35.4
ranks of professor and assistant professors in ALL MAJOR FIELDS
27.9 percent (1998-99).
percent vs. 28.1 percent (1995-96) and 34.9 percent vs.
Recreation and Leisure Studies
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in Parks,
MAJOR FIELDS in 1995-96, 5.8
in the public studies was higher than the hiring rate of ALL
and lower in 1998-99, 4.8 percent (91/1,898) vs.
percent (85/1,466) vs 4.6 percent (4,205/90,660)
4.9 percent (4,386/89,174).
1998-99
RESULTS OF THE TWO PRIVATE STUDIES: 1995-96 AND
indicates that the discipline/major
The PRIVATE 1995-96 salary study in the above table
of the 386 private institutions.
field of Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies was reported in 104
salary 25.9 percent lower than the
The average salary of the 391 faculty was $38,333, an average
faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1995-96 private
average salary of $48,264 for all 43,114
study.
table, 184 of the same 386 private
In the PRIVATE 1998-99 salary study in the above
salary of the 807 faculty
institutions reported Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies. The average
44,803
26.8 percent lower than the average salary of $54,316 for all
was $42,830, an average salary
faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1998-99 private study.
in Parks, Recreation and Leisure
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty
($42,830 minus $38,333 equals $4,497).
Studies in the private institutions studied was 11.7 percent
October 1998 was 6.7 percent. A more
The CPI increased cost-of-livingbetween October 1995 and
Recreation and Leisure Studies
realistic increase, therefore, in the average faculty salaries of Parks,
5.0 percent or 1.7 percent each year above the cost-of-living.
over the three-year time period, is
6
in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty
equals $6,052). In comparison
private institutions studied was 12.5 percent ($54,316 minus $48,264
the faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS increased
to Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies (11.7%),
Recreation and Leisure Studies.
their salaries 0.8 percent more than faculty in Parks,
Recreation and Leisure Studies, the
For both studies in the discipline/major field of Parks,
comparison to the assistant professor rank:
faculty mix percentage is lower at the professor rank in
38.0 percent, (1998-99). The differences
21.0 percent vs. 33.0 percent (1995-96); and 18.7 percent vs
MAJOR FIELDS for both private studies
in the ranks of professor and assistant professor in ALL
(1995-96) and 34.4 percent vs. 29.3 percent (1998-99).
are 33.5 percent vs. 30.5 percent
Recreation and Leisure Studies
Finally, the hiring rate for new assistant professors in Parks,
ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1995-96 private study: 5.6 percent
was higher than the hiring rate in
1998-99 private study: 4.8 percent (39/807)
(22/391) vs. 4.7 percent (2,041/43,114) and lower in the
vs. 4.9 percent (2,178/44,803).
CONCLUSION
disc ip line/maj orfield of Parks,
This article presents salary-trend inforrnation on the academic
with both ALL MAJOR FIELDS and
Recreation and Leisure Studies and compares that information
of 1995-96 through the "trend year"
the CPI over a period of three years, from the "baseline year"
and the other for private institutions--were
of 1998-99. Two studies--one for public institutions,
of four studies. A total of 4,562 (1.7%)
conducted for the baseline year and for the trend year--a total
Leisure Studies participated and were
faculty in the discipline/majorfield of Parks, Recreation and
four studies and in the overall total of
included in the 53 disciplines/major fields in each of the
institutions and the same 386 private institutions
267,751 participating faculty. The same 279 public
7
9
in the United States participated in the baseline year and in the trend year.
in a variety of ways, several
Although the public and private studies data may be interpreted
factors in the discipline/majorfield
significant points are as follows. First, the average faculty salary
study was 11 percent less than that
of Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies for the 1995-96 public
private study it was 21.0 percent
of all ranks in ALL MAJOR FIELDS (1.00); and for the 1995-96
MAJOR FIELDS (1.00). In both
lower than the average faculty salary factors for all ranks in ALL
for all ranks in Parks, Recreation and
the public and private studies the average faculty salary factors
lower than the average salary
Leisure Studies in 1998-99 were 12.0 percent lower and 21.0 percent
factors for all ranks in ALL MAJOR FIELDS (1.00), respectively.
the October 1995 CPI and
Second, the October 1998 CPI reflects an 6.7 percent increase over
in the public institutions received
indicates that the faculty in Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies
institutions
0.8 percent above the cost-of-living. In the private
an average annual salary increase of
cost-of-living.
the annual average salary increase was 1.7 percent above the
Parks, Recreation and Leisure
Third, in both the 1995-96 and 1998-99 public studies in
those for the assistant professor rank;
Studies, the professor rank FAC MIX PCTs are lower than
PCTS were lower at the professor
and, in the 1995-96 and 1998-99 private studies the FAC MIX
rank than at the assistant professor rank, as well
Recreation and Leisure Studies
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in Parks,
higher than the hiring rate of
in the 1995-96 public study and in the 1995-96 private study were
assistant professors in the 1998-99
ALL MAJOR FIELDS. However, in the hiring rate for new
the hiring rate for ALL MAJOR
private study and in the 1998-99 public study were lower than
FIELDS.
in the academic discipline/major
Because a significant data base of average faculty salaries
8
10