DOCUMENT RESUME FL 025 907 ED 432 148 ESL Magazine: The Information Source for ESL/EFL TITLE Professionals, 1998. ISSN-1098-6553 ISSN 1998-00-00 PUB DATE 191p. NOTE Bridge Press, 220 McKendree Avenue, Annapolis, MD 21401. AVAILABLE FROM Serials (022) Collected Works PUB TYPE ESL Magazine; vl n1-6 1998 JOURNAL CIT MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. EDRS PRICE Academic Achievement; Acculturation; Arabs; Audiovisual DESCRIPTORS Aids; Chinese Americans; Computer Assisted Instruction; Computer Assisted Testing; *Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; *English (Second Language); Foreign Countries; Foreign Students; Haitians; Higher Education; Idioms; Immigrants; Instructional Effectiveness; Internet; Job Search Methods; Korean Americans; Language Listening Fluency; Language Proficiency; Language Teachers; Skills; Literature Appreciation; Music Activities; Popular Culture; Pronunciation Instruction; Second Language Instruction; Singing; Skill Development; *Student Characteristics; Student Motivation; Teacher Developed Materials; Teacher Role; Teaching Methods; Vocabulary Development; Vocational English (Second Language); Whole Language Approach Homestays; Koreans- Russian Amerians; Russians; Slang IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT This document consists of the six issues of "ESL Magazine" (ESL) published during 1998. This journal for English-as-a-Second-Language this period: "The professionals includes the following articles during "Trippingly on the Tongue: Internet in the Classroom" (Christine Meloni); in the TESOL equation" Putting Serious, Speech/Pronunciation Instruction Back Students in (Joan Morley); "TESOL '98 Preview" (Kathleen R. Beall); "Korean Replaces the Pencil: the United States" (Marc van der Woude); "The Mouse "Accuracy vs. Fluency: TOEFL Goes Electronic" (Effie Papatzikou Cochran); Eisenstein Ebsworth); "Russian Which Comes First in ESL Instruction?" (Miriam Acculturation" Immigrants in the ESL Classroom: Success, Motivation, and the Communicative (Michael Berman); Developing Active Vocabulary: Making with a Virtual Connection" (Jayme Adelson-Goldstein); "Dave Sperling: A Man U.S.: Learning Passion" (George H. Clemes, III); "Arab Students in the Expanding Role of the Language, Teaching Friendship" (Paul Kwilinski); "The (Jodi Crandall); Elementary ESL Teacher: Doing More Than Teaching Language" (Faith Hayflich); "Going Corporate: Teaching English in the Workplace" in the U.S." (Roger "Learning to Listen" (Marc Hegelsen); "Haitian Students of Jazz Chants" Savain); "Carolyn Graham: A Conversation with the Creator 'In the Dark'!" (Marilyn Rosenthal); "Without Slang and Idioms, Students are Ronson); "Has Whole (David Burke); "Homestay: Highlights and Hurdles" (Doug Language Learning" (Mary Language Failed?" Stephen Krashen); "Literature for (Karen Asenavage, Bob Lou McCloskey); "EFL Positions: Finding the Right Job" Helene Hunkin); and "Chinese ESL Students in the U.S." (Frank Tang, Dunkelblau). (MSE) PREVIEW OF TES01:98SEE US AT BOOTH_#916 ,, A , ,;r , ) y,/i ": 0 Cy, i.- * I rIk j .>" ,-) 61/kAk'414.4. I. A A I. 1 1 I 0 9 , Mir 41;ott.A 40 2 Complimentary Issue See Inside to Subscribe! U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Kalhiea, 'P.), II originating it RATE O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality AGE I D TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FIELD, Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) BEST COPY AVAILABLE document do not necessar ly represent NO. 7 official OERI position or policy. )1, a standard test of Finally there is The PhonePassTM test speaking and listening that you can is a quick administer where and when you like. A Phone Pass test takes about 10 reliable minutes and measures fluency, pro- nunciation, listening vocabulary, and measure of oral reading. The Phone Pass test is as close as your telephone. You can spoken English administer Phone Pass tests at any time, seven days a week, 24 hours a day, from anywhere in the world. Scores are returned immediately in the form that is most convenient for you: by e-mail or fax, from the web, or by phone. i t. It will save you time and T ry effort. Download a sample test from our website or contact Ordinate Corporation for details. PhonePass ORDINATE 94025 1040 Noel Dr Menlo Park CA Telephone: 650-327-4449 Fax: 650-328-8866 Speaking www.ordinate.com Jan/Feb 1998 Vol. 1, No. 1 VQ1:\40P213 The Internet in the Classroom by Christine Meloni 10 Trippingly on the Tongue: Putting serious speech/pronunciation instruction back in the TESOL equation by Joan Morley 20 ,{1. TESOL'98 Preview by Kathleen R. Beall 24 Korean Students in the United States by Marc van der Woude 28 19Q171-,\MUIT51QM4@ Page 20 Editor's Note 4 Conference Calendar 5 News Briefs 6 Technology 19 Reviews 26 Linguistic Laughs 26 Page 24 Classifieds 31 See us at Booth Who's Reading ESL Magazine? #916 at TESOL'98! Check out our web site at James E. Alatis www.esimag.comi Distinguished Professor of Linguistics and In our next issue: Modern Greek at o standardized testing Georgetown UniversitY, o integrating accuracy Washington, DC and and fluency Executive Director o teaching Russian Emeritus of TESOL. students Page 28 o and more! ESL MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 3 Q[DOVC,G2°g3 M,CD4g ESL &AMON Welcome to the Publisher GEORGE H. CLEMES, III Premier Issue of Editorial Director ESL Magazine! MARILYN ROSENTHAL Editor How us to introduce ourselves; we are a new publication KATHLEEN R. BEALL in the world of English as a Second Language called ESL Magazine! We started this magazine with the aim Contributing Editors of serving ESL/EFL professionals with a quality publication that CHRISTINE MELONI combines informative articles by recognized industry leaders, JOAN MORLEY refreshing publication design and information about the latest MARC VAN DER WOUDE CHERYL PAVLIC ESL/EFL products and services. If you find this combination is RUTH VILMI an asset to your profession, spread the word! THOMAS ROBB We're kicking off with a look at the ever-changing world of EDWARD KLEIN cyberspace. Christine Meloni connects us to the Internet, an Advertising Sales invaluable tool and resource for ESL/EFL teachers. She shares George Clemes 410-280-3799 (tel) practical examples of how the Internet can be used successfully in 410-798-5607 (fax) [email protected] the classroom. Joan Morley welcomes speaking and pronunciation back into the mainstream of ESL/EFL instruction and offers a Subscription Information Introductory rate: 1 year, 6 issues, U.S.: paradigm for communicative pronunciation teaching. $16.95, Canada: $24.95, outside North America: $34.95. To subscribe, fill out Also included is a look at trends among Korean students as well subscription card included with this magazine (photocopy additional cards if as a preview of the upcoming TESOL'98 conference. necessary) and mail with payment to: ESL Magazine, Box 6209, P.O. We welcome your feedback on our articles and our publication Lafayette, IN 47903-6209. Or fax sub- scription card with credit card informa- in general. Your letters may be published in a forthcoming tion to 765-743-3545. Call 765-743- 6813 for all other subscription inquiries. "Letters to the Editor" department. Simply write us or e-mail us at [email protected]. Best wishes for a successful and ESL Magazine is published bimonthly by Bridge Press, LLC rewarding 1998. We hope to be of service to you. 220 McKendree Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 [email protected] www.eslmag.com Marilyn Rosenthal, Ph.D. 1998 Bridge Press, u..c Editorial Director All rights reserved. 5 4 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 ESL MAGAZINE Conference Calendar o 3-4 Illinois TESOL-BE (ITBE) 24th Annual 17-21 Teachers of English to Speakers of January 1998 State Convention, Chicago, IL. Contact Other Languages (TESOL) Annual 22-24 Thailand TESOL (ThaiTESOL), Fran Michalski, 312-996-8098, michalsk Conference, Seattle, WA. Contact TESOL, Songkhla, Thailand. Contact Naraporn @uic.edu. Expected attendance: 800. 703-836-0774, [email protected]. Expected Chan-Ocha, 66-2-218-6027, ffInnco@ attendance: 7,500. chulkn.car.chula.ac.th. 0 23-26 California TESOL (CATESOL) Annual 0 19-21 National Council of Teachers of Conference, Pasadena, California. M 27-28 TESOL Ukraine, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Conference Hotline: 626-583-4358. English (NCTE). NCTE Spring Conference, Contact Svetlana Chuhu, 380-432-276375, Expected attendance: 2,500. Albuquerque, New Mexico. Contact NCTE, [email protected]. 1111 W. Kenyon Rd., Urbana, Illinois o 25 Eastern Pennsylvania TESOL M 31 Inland Empire TESOL/CLAD 61801-1096. 217-328-3870. (PennTESOL-East) Conference, Conference, University of California, Philadelphia, PA, Contact Tobie Hoffman, 0 25-27 TESOL Arabia Conference, Al Ain, Riverside. Contact Stacy Sweeny, 909-787- 215-473-4430, fax 215 895-6775, United Arab Emirates. Contact: Barbara 4346, [email protected]. Expected [email protected]. Proposal Kelly, 971-3-5046208, [email protected]. attendance: 140. deadline: Mar. 20. Expected attend.: 300. Expected attendance: 600. February May o 26-29 3rd Pacific Second Language I/121 Hawaii TESOL Roundtable, Brigham 0 7-9 Florida Sunshine State TESOL Annual Research Forum (PacSLRF 98), Tokyo, Young University, Laie, Hawaii. Contact Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Contact Japan. Contact Peter Robinson, Aoyama Brent A. Green, 808-293-3358, greenb@ Judy Jameson, 352-331-4318, judy@cal. Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya- byuh.edu. Expected attendance: 150. org. Proposal deadline: March 15. ku, Tokyo 150, Japan, [email protected]. 24-28 National Association for Bilingual Expected attendance: 600. ac.jp. Expected attendance: 500. Education (NABE) 27th Annual 0 20-21 New Jersey TESOL/Bilingual April International Bilingual/Multicultural 0 15-18 32nd international Association of Education (NJTESOL/NJBE) Spring Education Conference, Dallas, Texas. Conference, East Brunswick, New Jersey. Teachers of English as a Foreign Contact 202-898-1829, [email protected]. Judith B. O'Loughlin, 201-652-4555, Language (IATEFL) Conference, Expected attendance: 8,000. [email protected]. Expected: 700+. Manchester, UK. Contact Jill Stadjuhar March e-mail 100070.1327. Expected Language 0 20-23 Centre for Research on M 9-12 international Language Testing attendance: 1,500. Teaching and Learning (CREAL), Canadian Association (ILTA). Language Testing Linguistics Association of Applied (CAAL) 0 2-4 Tennessee TESOL (TNTESOL) Research Colloquium (LTRC), Monterey, International Congress, Ontario, Canada. Conference, Knoxville Hilton, Knoxville, California. Contact Dariush Hooshmand. Contact Chantel Dion, 613-520-2600, http://www.surrey.ac.uk/ELI/ilta/ilta.html. Tennessee. Contact Margi Wald, 423-974- Expected attendance: 400. 4890, [email protected]. Expected att. 150. In 14-17 American Association for Applied June Linguistics (AAAL) Annual Conference, 17 Louisiana TESOL (LATESOL) Language 0 24-27 Association for Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana. Seattle, WA. Contact Matt Howe, 612-953- Awareness (ALA). Contact Jo Ann Robisheaux 504-549-5275, Quebec,Canada. 0805, [email protected]. Expected Contact Joyce M. Angio, 418-659-6600, [email protected]. Proposal deadline attendance: 1,000+. Expected attendance: 125. March 1. Expected attendance: 100. Eatlla agammollnag CaNnog GMT 21 e UTFIDOIEdenn Tr00 allga ll=1112Eft EM UNVO CDff MM..° .Muicktionary- Spanish-English Dictionary The only translator with Advanced Verb Translation Translates 1.2 million words that scans words and & verbal phrases translates them automatically Recognizes over 480,000 Conjugates 3000 regular & irregular verbs words and expressions Includes multiple meanings and idioms Verb Checker corrects Reads multiple fonts and type sizes conjugation entry errors Bilingual phonetic spelling correction Special mode for left handed people Spanish, French, Available in Scrolls through conjugations by tense & person German, Italian, Dutch, Japanese, EZ-Learn Teaching System helps build vocabulary Russian, Korean and Hebrew Calculator with currency & 26 metric converters ...See them alll fin Seattle a ISOJ ©© #677 S I I Ask about our educator discount program For Information or To Order: (800) 274-7624 ext.101 On the Web: http://www.seiko-usa-cpd.com/cpd Customer Service: (800) 873-4508 Fax: (310) 517-7793 Seiko Instruments ESL MAGAZINE 5 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 MQW@ BMOgG3@ Berlitz Acquires INS Receives Record Number of ELS Language Centers Applications in 1997 T he U.S. Immigration and erlitz International, Inc. has "ELS B Naturalization Service received (Language acquired ELS Educational more than 1.6 million applications Centers) has Services, Inc., a privately held for naturalization in 1997-a 34% provider of intensive English a solid increase from 1996. INS completed brand, an language instruction, in a stock processing exceptional acquisition for a cash purchase 700,000 of the reputation as price of $95 million. POO applications- a service ELS Language Centers owns the largest annual provider and and operates 25 language centers in total with the an extensive the United States and one in England exception of network of and has operated a franchise pro- 1996-and swore Perry S. Akins, President, company gram in 16 countries. Consolidated ELS Language Centers in 569,822 new owned and revenue for ELS Language Centers American franchised for the 12 months which ended citizens. centers and sales representatives December 1996 was $62.6 million. that are strategically located Berlitz is the world's largest Baltimore TESOL around the world. These beneficial language services firm with factors will allow us to maintain the operatioris in 38 countries. Berlitz Renamed ELS Language Centers name and offers intensive -English instruction A build on the valuable relationships programs through its Berlitz On fter 17 years as Baltimore TESOL (BATESOL), this established during its 35-year CampusTM division which operates ten centers in the United States and history." organization has now become one in Canada. Commenting on the acquisition, Maryland TESOL. "This new "We are extremely excited about ELS Language Center president and name will help us better accom- modate the entire state of the strengths and depth that ELS CEO Perry S. Akins stated, "Our (Language Centers) brings to partners around the world should Maryland, not just the Baltimore area," said Maryland TESOL pres- feel confident that Berlitz will Berlitz," stated Mr. Hirdmasa Yokoi, continue ELS Language Centers' ident Jill Basye. The TESOL affil- Vice Chairman, Chief Executive iate has about 150 members. commitment to excellence." Officer and President of Berlitz. Top 50 U.S. Foreign Languages The 1990 Census found that nearly 32 million of the 230 million people in the USA older than five spoke a language other than English in their homes. Nearly 21% of those people said they did not speak English well or at all. The following is a list of the 50 most common foreign languages spoken in the USA, the number of speakers and the percentage of foreign language speakers who say they don't speak English well or at all. Don't speak Don't speak Don't speak Number of English Number of English Number of English well/at all well/at all well/at all Speakers Rank Language Rank Language Speakers Rank Speakers Language 17,339,172 18 201,865 Spanish 35 1 26% 65,848 Persian 12% Kru 3% 1,702,176 19 187,658 65,265 2 36 French French Creole 9% 22% Romanian 17% 1,547,099 3 20 German 149,694 55,781 Armenian 37 7% 26% Lithuanian 9% 1,308,648 21 4 148,530 Italian 38 54,350 Navajo 12% Finnish 15% 6% 1,249,213 147,902 22 39 Chinese 30% 5 50,005 Hungarian 9% Punjabi 15% 843,251 23 144,292 6 40 46,044 Tagalog Hebrew 7% Formosan 21% 5% 723,483 24 142,684 Polish 41 45,206 7 Dutch 14% Croatian 4% 9% 626,478 8 25 127,441 42 41,876 30% Korean Mon-Khmer 43% Turkish 14% 507,069 26 102,418 43 41,131 Vietnamese 28% 9 Guharati 12% Bocano 20% 429,860 10 96,568 44 27 38,101 Portuguese 23% Ukrainian 14% Bengali 8% 11 427,657 28 92,485 45 Japanese 35,146 21% Czech Danish 6% 15% 388,260 29 12 83,525 46 Greek 35,146 11% Pa. Dutch Syriac 6% 15% 355,150 30 13 81,877 47 Arabic 34,914 11% Miao (Hmong) 46% Samoan 10% 331,484 14 80,723 31 48 Hindi (Urdu) Norwegian 33,949 9% Malayalam 5% 8% 241,798 15 80,388 32 Russian 27% 49 33,670 Slovak Cajun 7% 7% 213,064 16 77,511 33 50 Yiddish 31,505 Swedish 8% Amharic 4% 11% 206,266 34 70,964 17 Thai (Laotian) 28% Serbo-Croatian 13% Source: U.S. Census Bureau 6 ESL MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 MgCC9@ The Michigan TESOL Wins Peace Corps ESL Endorsement Debate In July 1997, after 15 years of debate, the Michigan is seeking Board of Education voted to accept the MITESOL pro- posal for an English as a Second Language endorsement 1500 for K-12 educators in Michigan. This endorsement will recognize certified teachers whose experience or coursework meets the ESL Teacher educators. Competency Guidelines. The endorsement is optional, however, in order to protect the jobs of many ESL teach- ers who are effective teachers although they may not qualify for an official endorsement. This optional status Learn more about unique is a compromise between the Board and MITESOL after opportunities throughout the world. a long dispute. Many countries are in urgent need of your skills The Fannie Mae Foundation and practical experience. For over 36 years the Produces ESL Workbook Peace Corps has been placing educators in exciting and rewarding volunteer positions overseas in 85 on Home Buying countries. Peace Corps volunteers have taught English to over 5 million people around the world. T he Fannie Mae Foundation has produced a new guide to Benefits include: _flow to help students learn both the > transportation overseas and back home; English language and the home e > an allowance to cover living expenses; buying process. How to Buy A United States---\ > a $5,400 readjustment allowance after 27 months Home in the United States is a of training and service; one-of-a-kind educational tool > 24 days of vacation, paid health and dental care; Li7; specifically designed for ESL > cross-cultural and technical training to help you programs across the country. 111111ME adapt your skills to your assignment. "This is a unique tool to help ESL learners get on the path to home ownership as they learn English," said Lidia Soto- Harmon, Director of Targeted Outreach Programs at the Fannie Mae Foundation. Developed by the Fannie Mae Foundation in collab- oration with the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL), the ESL guide includes a teacher's guide and student workbook, both available for free. The materials provide practical knowledge about home ownership as they pro- mote English reading, writing, listening and speaking skills for intermediate to advanced learners of ESL. In addition, the user-friendly workbook includes vocabulary lists, writing exercises, grammar reviews, sample docu- ments and a glossary. How to Buy A Home in the United States is currently _ being implemented in New York, Boston, Washington, To learn more about becoming DC, San Diego and Santa Ana, California. "This is a con- cept that my students will use down the road," said Jose a Peace Corps volunteer, Gonzalez, ESL Coordinator for the Spanish Education call 800-424-8580. Development (SED) Center in Washington, DC. "The students have the potential to buy a home, but one of their (press 1 at prompt and mention code #722) obstacles is learning the English language. If we can pro- vide them with the skills in both areas, home ownership and English, we can do wonders for them." Pl&g[E, 'gORPO To order a free copy of How to Buy A Home in the The toughest job you'll ever love. United States, call 1-800-544-9224. 8 7 ESL MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 TIO ocluou zR(KmEN 1M tt HIM Dominie Press, Inc. IHEllu aigiEVIDERNM iiOt Build student success with current HUM mom * DCA WI@MP and outstanding ESL materials. Now they can! English Digest is a new magazine designed specifically for the needs of your adult and young adult ESL students. English Digest provides 4 Great New Titles: high-interest, authentic articles at high beginning to low intermediate language level. Also, there is a Spanish edition available, La Familia de la Ciudad. Call now for tst familia ci your 1998 "'Ciudad r° Mention this i4 la ESL Catalog " Escuela! , ad and receive a s FREE 11,16,f05 del figure ve 800-232-4570 1%4) Pa: Ibis -Cppr les lop sample! Whim ..t e Mine Ala - nous, bps stigs , JIMMY 0 4' se IMSES TVIE LEAD' 1°1 4. tilNWft Dominie Press welcomes submission of innovative English Digest gives your students the following benefits: ESL manuscripts. Promotes self esteem Enhances reading skills Encourages family literacy *Provides a springboard for writing Send to: Provides survival information Develops vocabulary naturally Dominie Press, Inc. Executive Editor ESL-Bilingual For subscription information and a FREE 1998 ESL Resource Catalog, call or FAX 1949 Kellogg Ave. (800) 323-8270 (800) 909-9901! Visit our web site at Carlsbad, CA 92008 http:// www.delta-systems.com 800-232-4570 Fax: 760-431-8777 4s\ RN= Ittai, DORE MINN MeMais Nee [2now (LO, lot http://www.dominie.com e-mail: [email protected] Providing information on the education of linguistically and culturally diverse students for over 20 years! Click it/ http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu weekly electronic newsletter *Newsline -- *Online Library for research & best practices *NCBE Roundtable electronic discussion group -- E-mail [email protected] 9 8 ESL MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 Build English Conversation Skills with: YRA087,7Effv NiZoUguy A revolutionary speech recognition title. Users interview four suspects to get information to solve a mystery. Interviews and navigation through the program are done by the user speaking to characters in the computer. For more information about TRACI TALK and other ESUEFL programs from Courseware TRACI TALK. Speech recognition, Publishing International, visit our website 3D graphics and a mystery to solve. http://www.usecpi.com TRACI TALK, The Mystery is available from the following: Linguatronics The Comenius Group Courseware Publishing International Educational Cybershop 104 Cone Branch Drive 20380 Town Center Lane, Suite 169 Middletown, MD 21769 68 Clinton Road Cupertino, CA 95014 Tel: (800) 373-4991 Glen Ridge, NJ 07028 Tel: (408) 446-4590 Fax: (301) 371-5345 Tel: (973) 748-2864 Fax: (408) 446-4588 http://www.linguatronics.com http://www.comenius.com http://www.usecpi.com Alta Book Company Delta Systems 14 Adrian Court 1400 Miller Parkway Burlingame, CA 94010 McHenry, IL 60050-7030 Tel: (800) ALTA/ESL Tel: (800) 323-8270 Fax: (800) ALTA/FAX Fax: (800) 909-9901 http://www.altaesl.com http://www.delta-systems.com Tempo Bookstore Oxford University Press The Languages Resource Center GoodNewsAad News Nem ar=49a4cusilon To Learn Foreign Languages and English as a Second Language (ESL) Visual Aids Children's Translation Aids Cassettes Electronic Language Arts Videos Language Translators Teacher CD-ROM's (Preschool & K-12; Special Book ESL; Phonics; CD's Resources Any Requests: Bilingual; Dictionaries Cards Title, Any Field Multicultural) Games (Worldwide & Special Fields) 202-363-6683 4905 Wisconsin Ave. NW, Washington D.C. 20016 E-Mail: [email protected] Fax: 202-363-6686 Mon-Sat: 10-10, Sun: 11-7 haft *Presents 18 true stories Shenanigames about interesting characters and events *Offers activities that Grammar-Focused provide meaningful fluency praCtice ESL-EFL Activities and Games Dr. Donna Inness and Dr. James Kea ley For further information, contact: 49 grammar games for middle school to adult learners Oxford University Press ESL Department 96 pages of photocopyable masters Tel: (800) 445-9714 Visa/MC/AmEx s&H $23.°° plus Fax: (919) 677-1303 PRO LINGUA ASSOCIATES Visit Oxford on the World Wide Web 15 Elm St. Brattleboro, Vt 05301 USA 800-366-4775 at: www.oup-usa.orgiesli 9 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 ESL MAGAZINE