ERIC ED407373: Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Beliefs Regarding HIV and AIDS (KAPB). Memorandum Presented to the Directorate Primary Health Care of the Department of National Health and Population Development.

201 Pages·1993·3 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
SP 037 287
ED 407 373
Du Plessis, G. E.; And Others
AUTHOR
Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Beliefs
TITLE
Regarding HIV and AIDS (KAPB). Memorandum Presented to the
Directorate Primary Health Care of the Department of
National Health and Population Development.
Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria (South Africa).
INSTITUTION
PUB DATE
93
204p
NOTE
Research (143)
Reports
PUB TYPE
MF01/PC09 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
*Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Adults; *Behavior
DESCRIPTORS
Change; *Communicable Diseases; Elementary Secondary
Education; Foreign Countries; Health Promotion; *Knowledge
Level; *Public Opinion; Students; Surveys
Health Behavior; *Sexually Transmitted Diseases; *South
IDENTIFIERS
Africa
ABSTRACT
This document reports on a study that assessed levels of
knowledge, types of attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs (KAPB) of the general
South African public regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection
and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Interviews were conducted
with 5,360 participants; survey data are summarized in 49 tables. After
describing the theoretical background and methodology used in the study,
findings are grouped according to differences by gender, age group, language,
geographic area, educational level, population group, occupation, and
differential access to sources of information about AIDS. Study results
indicated: knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was not very
high, especially regarding prevention; and many believed that contraceptives
also provided protection against STDs and HIV. Overall, awareness of AIDS
seemed to be high, but with a mixture of appropriate and inappropriate
knowledge about HIV/AIDS in terms of transmission, nature of the disease,
seriousness, prevention, and cure. Conclusions and recommendations are
grouped by knowledge about HIV/AIDS, perceptions of seriousness, condom use,
support for behavioral change, self-efficacy in health, perceptions of social
distance, the role of communication media, and further research needs.
Appendices include the AIDS KAPB Study questionnaire, and schematic
(Contains 9 figures, 49 data tables, and 33
presentations of the data.
references.)
(ND)
********************************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
********************************************************************************
STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES,
PERCEPTIONS AND BELIEFS REGARDING
(KAPB)
HIV AND
AIDS
G.E. DU PLESSIS
A.J. MEYER-WEITZ
M. STEYN
1993
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
'Office of Educational Research and Improvement
PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL
CENTER (ERIC)
HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
0 This document has been reproduced as
received from the person or organization
originating It
tv-a-thA/
0 Minor changes have been made to improve
reproduction Quality.
Points of view or opinions stated in this docu-
ment do not necessarily represent official
OERI position or policy.
AmIIIMISN
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
HSRC-RGN
BEST COPY AVA6LABLE
MEMORANDUM PRESENTED TO THE DIRECTORATE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL
HEALTH AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
G.E. du Plessis, M.A. (Sociology)
A.J. Meyer-Weitz, B.A. Hons. (Psychology)
M. Steyn, M. Soc. Sc. (Nursing)
Technical layout by Mrs I. Rice
Statistical calculations by Mr J. Pietersen
Language editing by Mrs I. Stahmer
Human Sciences Research Council, 1993
Focus Group Health Care
Private Bag X41
PRETORIA
0001
Telephone [phone]
Telefax [phone]
Toll-free telephone number 0800-117755
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
BACKGROUND AND AIM
1
1.
Background
1
1.1
Aim
1.2
1
2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.
8
Psychosocial models
2.1
8
The health belief model
2.1.1
12
Fishbein and Ajzen: theory of reasoned action
2.1.2
13
2.1.3
The Triandis model
14
The construct accessibility perspective
2.1.4
15
Other psychosocial variables
2.1.5
15
Social perspectives
2.2
19
The epidemiological model
2.2.1
20
METHODOLOGY
3.
20
Research design
3.1.
20
Quantitative method
3.1.1
21
Development of the questionnaire
3.1.2
22
3.1.3 Validity
22
3.1.4
Reliability
23
3.2
Sampling
23
Sampling frame
3.2.1
28
Sampling method
3.2.2
30
3.2.3
Sample realization
31
3.3
Fieldwork
32
Analysis of the data
3.4
32
Descriptive statistics
3.4.1
32
Inferential statistics
3.4.2
PAGE
40
FINDINGS
4.
40
Background characteristics of the sample population
4.1
4.2
Perceptions of community problems 40
4.3
40
Knowledge of HIV, AIDS and related aspects
Knowledge of HIV transmission via proven means
4.3.1
40
4.3.2
Knowledge of HIV transmission via casual contact
47
4.3.3
Responses to unstructured questions on HIV transmission
49
4.3.4
Knowledge of STDs
50
4.3.5
Knowledge of prevention of HIV infection
51
4.4
Perceptions of AIDS-related aspects
58
4.4.1
Perceptions of the seriousness or of the outcome of HIV infection and AIDS
58
4.2.2
Perceptions regarding the use of condoms
62
4.4.3
Perceptions regarding sexual matters
66
4.4.4
Perceptions of social distance regarding HIV infected people and PWAs
74
4.4.5
Locus of control
81
4.4.6
Perceptions of susceptibility
86
4.4.7
Perceptions of blood tests regarding HIV
88
4.4.8
Perceptions regarding confidentiality in the doctor/nurse-patient relationship
89
4.5
Communication regarding AIDS-related factors
90
Exposure to sources of information on HIV and AIDS
4.5.1
90
4.5.2
Efforts to obtain information on HIV and AIDS
98
4.5.3
Social sources of information on AIDS: sources contacted recently
98
4.5.4
Sources of information on AIDS: subjective indications of influential
agents in behavioural change
101
4.5.5
Preferred method of communication regarding AIDS
103
4.6
AIDS-related behavioural intentions and behaviour
104
Sexual partners
4.6.1
104
4.6.2
Reported use of condoms during sex in the previous three months:
past behaviour
109
PAGE
4.6.3
Reported use of condoms in a casual sexual liason, irrespective of when
this encounter took place: past behaviour
111
4.6.4
Sexually transmitted diseases: past behaviour
113
4.6.5
Reported intentions to change sexual behaviour in response to hearing
114
about AIDS
4.7
Overall effects of explanatory variables on factors relating to knowledge,
117
attitudes and beliefs
118
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.
Summary of findings
5.1
1 18
Findings of other KAPB studies and the current study
118
5.1.1
5.1.2
Findings of the current study in terms of statistically significant
differences in explanatory variables
121
126
Conclusions and recommendations
5.2
126
Knowledge about HIV and AIDS
5.2.1
5.2.2
127
Perceptions of seriousness
5.2.3
127
Condoms
128
5.2.4
Support for behavioural change
129
5.2.5
Self-efficacy in health
5.2.6
130
Perceptions of social distance
5.2.7
132
The role of the different communication media
5.2.8
132
Further research needs
134
LIST OF SOURCES
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
TABLE 1
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AIDS CASES AND NUMBER OF
DEATHS
24
TABLE 2
STUDY DOMAINS, PLANNED AND REALIZED SAMPLE SIZES
30
TABLE 3
FACTORS, ITEMS AND RELEVANT STATISTICS
34
TABLE 4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF HIV TRANSMISSION
VIA PROVEN MEANS, SUBGROUP 1
44
TABLE 5
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
VARIANCE ANALYSIS FOR KNOWLEDGE OF HIV-TRANSMISSION
VIA PROVEN MEANS, SUBGROUP 1
44
TABLE 6
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF HIV TRANSMISSION
VIA PROVEN MEANS, SUBGROUP 2
46
TABLE 7
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE OF HIV TRANSMISSION VIA
PROVEN MEANS, SUBGROUP 2
47
TABLE 8
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF HIV TRANSMISSION
VIA CASUAL CONTACT
48
TABLE 9
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE OF HIV TRANSMISSION VIA
CASUAL CONTACT
48
TABLE 10
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF STDs
50
TABLE 11
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE OF STDs
51
TABLE 12
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF PREVENTION OF HIV
INFECTION: CORRECT KNOWLEDGE
52
TABLE 13
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE OF PREVENTION OF HIV
INFECTION: CORRECT KNOWLEDGE
53
TABLE 14
ANALYSIS OR VARIANCE OF INCORRECT MEANS OF PROTECTION
AGAINST HIV INFECTION
55
TABLE 15
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF INCORRECT MEANS OF PROTECTION
AGAINST HIV INFECTION
55
TABLE 16
PERCENTAGE RESPONDENTS WHO INDICATED AT LEAST ONE
INAPPROPRIATE MEANS OF PROTECTION AGAINST HIV
INFECTION
57
TABLE 17
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS OF SERIOUSNESS
OR OF THE OUTCOME OF HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
59
7
PAGE
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM
TABLE 18
THE VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS OF THE SERIOUSNESS
60
OR OF THE OUTCOME OF HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE USE
TABLE 19
62
OF CONDOMS
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM
TABLE 20
THE VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING
63
THE USE OF CONDOMS
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE
TABLE 21
64
AVAILABILITY OF CONDOMS
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 22
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY
65
OF CONDOMS
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE
TABLE 23
ACCEPTABILITY OF PRESENTING AIDS INFORMATION
67
COURSES TO SCHOOL CHILDREN
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 24
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERSONS REGARDING THE ACCEPTABILITY
67
OF PRESENTING AIDS INFORMATION COURSES TO SCHOOL CHILDREN
.
.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF PERCEPTIONS
TABLE 25
REGARDING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF MULTIPLE SEXUAL
69
PARTNERS
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 26
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE
70
ACCEPTABILITY OF MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS
PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING WHO SHOULD
TABLE 27
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROVIDING PROTECTION AGAINST HIV
71
TRANSMISSION IN A SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE
TABLE 28
ACCEPTABILITY OF MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS, WITH
PERCEPTIONS REGARDING RESPONSIBILITY INCLUDED
72
IN THE MODEL
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 29
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE
ACCEPTABILITY OF MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS, WITH
PERCEPTIONS REGARDING RESPONSIBILITY INCLUDED IN
73
THE MODEL
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL DISTANCE
TABLE 30
74
REGARDING HIV INFECTED PEOPLE
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 31
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL DISTANCE
75
REGARDING HIV INFECTED PEOPLE AND PWAs
PAGE
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION THAT AIDS IS MAINLY
TABLE 32
78
A "GAY DISEASE"
81
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PERCEPTIONS OF LOCUS OF CONTROL
TABLE 33
. .
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 34
82
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS OF LOCUS OF CONTROL
PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF PERCEPTIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY
TABLE 35
84
IN MAINTAINING ONE'S HEALTH
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTION OF BEING SUSCEPTIBLE
TABLE 36
87
TO HIV INFECTION
PERCENTAGE RESPONDENTS INDICATING A WILLINGNESS TO
TABLE 37
UNDERTAKE A BLOOD TEST SHOULD THEY SUSPECT THEY MIGHT
88
HAVE BEEN INFECTED WITH HIV
PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF FREQUENCY OF EXPOSURE TO
TABLE 38
90
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON AIDS IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF CONTACT WITH SOCIAL SOURCES
TABLE 39
99
OF INFORMATION ON HIV AND AIDS
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 40
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF CONTACT WITH SOCIAL SOURCES OF
99
INFORMATION ON HIV AND AIDS
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION WHICH
TABLE 41
101
MIGHT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
DUNCAN STATISTICS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES FROM THE
TABLE 42
VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION WHICH
102
MIGHT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF PREFERRED METHODS OF
TABLE 43
103
COMMUNICATION REGARDING INFORMATION ON HIV AND AIDS
105
PATTERNS OF SEXUAL UNIONS
TABLE 44
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF CONDOM USE IN THE PREVIOUS
TABLE 45
110
THREE MONTHS BY RESPONDENTS WITH SEXUAL PARTNERS
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF REPORTED USE OF CONDOMS DURING
TABLE 46
INTERCOURSE WITH A PARTNER WHO IS NOT A SPOUSE OR A
112
REGULAR PARTNER
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF REPORTED INTENTIONS TO CHANGE
TABLE 47
115
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN RESPONSE TO HEARING ABOUT AIDS
PAGE
RESULTS OF A MANOVA ANALYSIS IN TERMS OF EXPLANATORY
TABLE 48
VARIABLES FOR ALL THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BELIEF
118
MEASURES
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS OF SELECTED KAPB STUDIES RELATING
TABLE 49
119
TO HIV AND AIDS CONDUCTED IN SOUTH AFRICA
10