ERIC ED390368: Postsecondary Education Opportunity. The Mortenson Report on Public Policy Analysis of Opportunity for Postsecondary Education, 1995.

202 Pages·1995·6.8 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
HE 028 881
ED 390 368
.1
Mortenson, Thomas G., Ed.
AUTHOR
Postsecondary Education Opportunity. The Mortenson
TITLE
Report on Public Policy Analysis of Opportunity for
Postsecondary Education, 1995.
ISSN-1068-9818
REPORT NO
95
PUB DATE
205p.; For the 1994 collection, see ED 377 803.
NOTE
Postsecondary Education Opportunity, P.O. Box 127,
AVAILABLE FROM
Iowa City, IA 52244 ($84 annual subscription).
Statistical Data
Serials (022)
Collected Works
PUB TYPE
(110)
Postsecondary Education Opportunity; n31-42 1995
JOURNAL CIT
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Academic Achievement; *Access to Education; Bachelors
DESCRIPTORS
Degrees; College Freshmen; College Preparation;
College Students; Comparative Analysis; Educational
Finance; Educational Legislation; *Educational
Opportunities; Enrollment Trends; Family
Characteristics; Family Income; Federal Legislation;
Financial Support; Government Role; Graduation;
*Higher Education; High School Graduates; Low Income
Groups; Parent Financial Contribution; Paying for
College; *Public Policy; Resource Allocation; Sex
Differences; State Aid; State Colleges; Student
Employment; *Student Financial Aid; Student Loan
Programs; Taxes; Trend Analysis
Pell Grant Program
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
This document is a collection of 12 issues of a
monthly publication on pubic policy and postsecondary education
opportunity. Each issue contains one or two main articles providing
education. The
an analysis of research on trends in postsecondary
(1) "The Challenge of Educational
major articles in these issues are:
Opportunity in Public Policy: Doing Much More with Much Less"; (2)
"Net Interstate Migration of Pell Grant Recipients"; (3) "'I Worked
(4) "Updating the
my Way Through College. You Should Too.'";
Refinancing of Higher Education Through the National Income and
Product Accounts: The Cost Shift to Students Accelerates"; (5)
"Porental Educational Attainment and Chance for College: Surprise,
Kids! Parents Do Matterl"; (6) "Institutional Graduation Rates:
Important Information Often Misused"; (7) "For Some...Anxiety About
Affordability... More than Others"; (8) "Private Correlates of
Educational Attainment" (9) "Educational Attainment: It's All a
Matter of Degrees" (10) "Income and Educational Attainment by Gender:
Where More Really Means More"; (11) "Student Price Respwse
Coefficients: Public Policy and Social Science"; (12) "1994 High
School Graduates Entered College at 1991-1993 Rates: But the Numbers
Are Up"; (13) "Why Freshmen Enroll in College: Getting Ready For
Life"; (14) "Academic Core Course Completion by High School
Graduates, 1982 to 1992: Academic Preparation for College"; (15) "The
Growing Importance of Financial Considerations in College Choice:
1980 to 1994" (16) "Tax Effort in the United States: Private Wealth,
Public Poverty"; (17) "What's Wrong with the Guys?: The Question Many
Women Ponder"; (18) "State Appropriations for Need Based
Targeting State
Undergraduate Grant Programs, FY 1994 to FY1996:
the States: Outreach
Investments on Needy Students"; (19) "Ranking
Better, Some Do it Worse";
Efforts to Low Income Students: Some Do
i
1995: Return on
(20) "Starting Salaries of College Graduates 1947 to
1970 to
Investment"; (21) "Educational Attainment by Family Income
Appropriations for
1994: Savage Inequalities"; (22) "State Tax Fund
Investment in Higher
Higher Education for FY1996: Declining Social
Financial
Education"; (23) "Applicants for Title IV Federal Student
(24) "Private
Aid: Seeking Financial Help to Attend College"; and
Education, 1975 to 1994:
Economic Benefits and Costs of Baccalaureate
Is College Still Worth It? For Whom?" (IS)
Postsecondary Education
OPPORTUNITY
Analysis of Opportunity for Postsecondary Education
The Mortenson Research Letter on Public Policy
V S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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THOMAS MORTENSON
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INFORMATION CENTER sERIC1
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Postsecondary Education
OPPORTUNITY
The Mortenson Research Letter on Public Policy Analysis of Opportunity for Postsecondary Education
January 1995
Iowa City, Iowa
Number 31
The Challenge of Educational Opportunity in Public Policy:
Doing Much More with Much Less
As we begin a new year with a new
Change in Median Family Income
Congress and new state governors and
by Educational Attainment of Householder
legislatures, we pause to reflect on the
Between 1973 and 1992
central challenge of public policy
for
regarding opportunity
20
postsecondary education and training.
That challenge is to do much more
resource
social
less
with
much
support.
10
4.1
The Human Capital Agenda
For at least the last twenty years, the
a.
*welfare of
been
has
Americans
of
axis
along
redistributed
the
PM
Those with
educational attainment.
41.1
higher educations are holding their
0
own against inflation. However, those
who ended their educations in high
-10
school are far worse off today than
they were two decades ago.
This redistribution of human welfare
has occurred under both Democratic
presidents,
Republican
and
tat
Congresses, governors and legislators.
The causes are not political.
These
CS1
of
economic
signs
instead
are
-30
evolution.
Economic systems originate in their
primitive form where income and
t
-40
f
wealth are derived through exploitation
I
4 Years College
8 Yrs Elem or Less
I--4Years
High School
of natural resources, such as mining,
I
57+ Yrs College
1-3 Yrs High School
1-3 Yrs College
forestry, fisheries and agriculture. As
Educational Attainment
economies grow and develop, physical
investments add further
to
capital
and dramatic story of change in the
minds and health of workers.
private and public income and wealth.
incomes of workers with different
Most recently, in the third stage of
levels of educational attainment over
and
collected
market
economic development, income and
data
Labor
Income is a
in many forms by
the last twenty years.
the
published
through
generated
wealth are
federal government tell a consistent
solid measure of human welfare in that
in human
capital--the
investments
Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY
January 1995
Page 2
decades. The gap is growing, and the
at its basic level income assures that
basic survival needs are met. And at
delineated
educational
by
gap
is
Postsecondary Education
Very simply the welfare
a higher level, income proyides access
attainment.
OPPORTUNITY
to and choices among the abundant
postsecondary
of
without
those
P.O. Box 127
education and training has been in a
available American
the
riches in
Iowa City, Iowa 52244
free-fall for two decades, and the end
experience.
If
of that decline is nowhere in sight.
ISSN: 1068-9818
The story told by the labor market
anything, with the pace of economic
This research letter is published twelve
change quickening, their prospects are
data reflect this economic evolution.
times per year. Subscriptions are $84 for
Since the early 1910s, people who
deteriorating more rapidly than ever.
twelve issues in the United States only
entered the labor market with a high
Subscriptions may be started by check or
of
pnvate
school education or less started out at
welfare
the
Beyond
institutional purchase order, mailed to the
the bottom of the salary scale.
welfare
our
is
individuals,
social
In
above address or faxed to the fax number
directly and inmiediately impacted by
inflation-adjusted terms, their incomes
below. Please use the subscription order
have dropped sharply--by 20 to 30
this redistribution of private income
form on the back page of this issue.
and wealth, and '
Irivate welfare
percent--from where
started.
they
Editor and Publisher
they yield. Government revenues are
become
Their
lives have
an
Thomas G. Mortenson
increasingly derived from the higher
increasingly desperate and brutal race
Phone: [phone]
incomes of the college educated as a
for survival. They are losing the race
Fax: [phone]
direct result of income redistribution
every day, little by little, taking down
E-mail: tmortablue.weeg.uiowa.edu
of
across levels of educational attainment.
their
the lives
them
with
TIN: 470520190
dependents, especially their children.
headed
by
households
1991,
In
persons with at least some college
At one time within memory, a worker
Mission Statement
of
percent
all
comprised
be
45
only honest
to and
needed
This research letter is founded on two
households, earned 60 percent of all
hardworking to secure for himself and
First, sound publi
fundamental beliefs.
income, and paid 66 percent of federal
his family a decent standard of living.
social policy requires accurate, current,
In contrast, households
Honesty and hard work are no longer
income taxes.
independent, and focused information on
headed by persons without any higher
sufticient.
the human condition. Secor,..1, education is
essential to the development of human
education comprised 55 percent of all
potential and resources for both private
40 percent of the
At the other end of the educational
households, urine,
and public benefit. Therefore, the purpose
income, and paid 34 percent of all
attainment axis are people who went
of this research letter is to inform those
Over the last
on to higher education and earned
federal income taxes.
administer
formulate,
fund, and
who
They too have
twenty years the proportion of federal
degrees.
college
public policy and programs about the
income taxes paid by the college
labor
market
encountered some
condition of and influences that affect
educated has grown from 42 to 66
challenges. But they entered the labor
postsecondary education opportunity for
percent, while the proportion paid by
market at far higher starting salaries
all Americans.
those without college education has
without higher
did those
than
shrunk from 58 to 34 percent.
Moreover, their incomes
education.
Not Copyrighted
have largely kept up with inflation,
Permission is granted to make copies from
Moreover, a growing share of the
enabling them to maintain a lifestyle
this research letter providing copies arc
taxes paid by the college educated are
with access to and choices among the
not sold and the source
identified.
is
going into social welfare programs for
:iches of the American experience.
of research
letter are
charts
Copies
those who are not college educated.
available to subscribers in larger sizes at
They have succeeded because they are
Call for help.
budgets,
educational
cost.
state
In
honest, hardworking and
because they
investments in the future workforce
are higher educated.
Errata
by needs to
being
displaced
are
poor
In the December issue, the text of our
for
These stories from the labor market
care
health the
finance
(Medicaid) and expand the capacity of TRIO article erroneously reported that
data also tell of a growing gap in the
New Hampshire was the only state
prisons. The poor (mainly women and
of
welfare,
distribution
human
without a Talent Search Program.
prisoners
children)
the
and
their
without
with
and
between those
The state table was correct.
(mainly men) have the lowest levels of
Our
postsecondary education and training.
of
postsecondary education and training
staff
Those with education beyond high
apologies the
to the
Many cannot make it on
Educational Talent Search program at
in society.
school have been pulling away from
those without it for more than two
the University of New Hampshire.
draw
own. Thus,
their
they
4
January 1995
Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY
I.
Page 3
disproportionately
on
the
resources its
social
future
in
federal expenditures in 1981.
It too--
federal
tax
resources produced by those in whom
workforce through its youth.
like the states--has since dropped, to
Partly
this expansion was driven by the post-
investments in postsecondary education
0.70 percent in 1993. The 1993 share
have been made in the past and are
World War II baby boom. But in no
is 74 percent of the peak reached in
now paying social returns on those
part
human
this
capital
small
1981.
As those in education
investments.
investment expansion was also driven
by the War on Poverty programs
correctly point out, pay now or pay
resources
and federal
State
tax
later, but inevitably society will pay
conceived and enacted in 1964 and
previously
allocated
higher
to
These programsincluding
for the education of its citizens.
education have been diverted to other
1965.
several directly related to fostering
fiscal priorities, mainly health care for
The human capital investment agenda
the poor and prisons in state budgets.
postsecondary educational opportunity
is dictated by the changes that occur
for vulnerable populations--sought to
This diversion of social resources has
required increased private resource
naturally economy
the
poverty
eradicate
or
and
reduce
by
in
investing in the minds and bodies of
educational requirements of its labor
allocation to higher education to make
It cannot be ignored, as the
up for the loss of federal and state tax
force.
the poor--adding to their human capital
At the federal level this
political system has chosen to do for
and value to potential employers.
resources.
the last 15 !Tars.
cost shift from taxpayers to students
has occurred by substituting financial
The social need to increase the human
of the
The human capital agenda has both
aid in the form of loans for grants. At
well
educated
less
capital
carrot and stick components.
shift has
The
increased sharply after the early 1970s
the this
state cost
level
occurred by diverting tax money to
carrot
that human capital
as the redistribution of private welfare
is
according to educational attainment
investments pay handsome returns to
priorities
other budget
state
and
both individuals and society.
redistribution began increasing tuition and fee charges to
The
This
began.
students to offset institutional loss of
about 1973, has continued throughout
stick is that if such investments are not
*wide, both individuals and society
the last twenty years, and in fact may
state tax support.
suffer and pay anyway but in different be accelerating in the 1990s (although
The results are the same: costs of
economic recession effects may blur
and less socially productive forms.
longer term trends buried in recent
higher educating students are shifted
Doing More with Less
And for
from taxpayers to students.
labor market data).
the first time since 1956, in 1993
students paid a larger share of the
While the private and social rates of
Social resource allocation followed the
from
twin motives of reducing poverty and
return
costs of their own educations than did
human capitalization
investments are powerful arguments
state and local government taxpayers
reversing deteriorating private welfare
according to data from the National
1960s and
for expanding such investments, only
throughout
the
1970s.
of
private
education's
Income and Product Accounts.
investment
expanding. Higher share
the
is
of
Social resource investments in human
state
and
expenditures
local
The prospects
for increased
capitalization programs
at the from
increased 5.5
social
government
1962. to 7.4 percent in
postsecondary education level have
percent in
resource investment
higher
in
1972, to a peak of 8.2 percent in
been cut back sharply at the federal
education have rarely been worse than
But after that states began
level and in 49 of the 50 states over
they are today.
1982.
cutting back sharply, to a low of 6.4
the last 15 years.
leadership,
apparently
Political
percent in 1993 despite enrollment
reflecting voter sentiment, seems
bent on reducing taxes,
The cutback in allocation of social
growth during this period.
This was
cutting
the smallest share of state and local
government expenditures
and
resource investments in human capital
eliminating
program
social
government expenditures for higher
is so widespread and persistent as to
make one
education since 1964. The 1993 share obligations of government.
wonder
what
national
is 78 percent of the peak reached in
referendum dictated this reversal of
Legislative decisions are incurring
substantial future corrections cost
social pollcy.
1982.
increases through mandatory and
longer sentencing of prisoners.
The federal government's allocation of
within
memory--as
time
At one
care drain on state
The health
federal resources for higher education
recently as the late 1970s--this country
finances has yet to be effectively
higher
education
student
financial
esteemed
to
aid)
(limited
so
either by
it was willing to
increased sharply from nothing
constrained,
investments that
reducing
in
1959 to a peak of 0.95 percent of
poverty or controlling health care
invest an ever larger share of state and
January 1995
Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY
Page 4
programmatic opportunity in higher
demographic, fiscal and other data
costs.
education without money. Them is no
make clear that we have been on this
Higher education has ranked at the
way to make college affordable to the
path for at least the last 15 years in
bottom of state fiscal priorities for
There is no
financially needy without money (are
and the most
virtually every state.
years,
nearly
15
you listening, federal government?).
financing
that
hope
reasonable
recent survey of state fiscal issues
opportunity
for
broadened
barely mentions higher education at
These expenditures are legitimately
postsecondary education and training
all.
viewed as investments because they
come from
social
increased
will
revenue
Moreover,
state
tax
provide significant financial returns
resource allocations. Rather, the most
an
created
were
in
systems
both to individuals and society over
realistic agenda must first focus on
economic era that is fast fading and
Equally important, if
many decades.
of
social
the
better
use
making
tax
to
positioned
are poorly
these investments are not made when
resources currently provided to higher
developing economic activity
in
students are ready and searching for
support of social needs, however
education.
opportunities,
the
postsecondary
they are defined and prioritized.
debate must be
students thus denied become prime
The fundamental
for much larger
centered on
We see no prospect at all of any
social
candidates
needs.
priorities
and
Higher education's track record on
welfare spending later in their lives.
resource
social
in
resurgence
these issues is not a good one.
higher
education
allocation
to
The answer to the dilemma of how to
Many in public higher education
Higher education has
investments.
broaden opportunity for postsecondary
state
limited
that
using
insist
been hung out to fend for itself.
training
an
in
and
education
resources to subsidize the higher
of diminished
educations of students from high
environment
social
Making the Best of It
resources for higher education must
income family backgrounds is a
of
more worthy use of such funds
refocusing
social
include
a
The public policy dileit. na we face
truly,.
resources on those who are
than is concentrating such subsidies
today is the nearly impossible one of
on students from lower income
demonstrably needy.
greatly broadening opportunity
for
that
backgrounds
family
postsecOndary education and 'training
This may not be the only answer. It is
demonstrate financial need for such
at the same time that social resources
probably not a sufficient answer. But
subsidies.
allocated for this purpose have been
it is most surely a necessary answer,
to be
Many in public higher education
and are
continue
likely
to
that can be
a process
is
and it
enrollments,
limiting
that
insist
sharply reduced.
undertaken within higher education
standards,
admissions
raising
eliminating programs, increasing
Ways must be found
itsel f.
broaden
to
class size and faculty workloads,
postsecondary
opportunities
for
As long as higher education continues
acquisitions,
library
curtailing
education and training because changes
to ask states for money to educate
in the labor market over the
maintenance,
facilities
deferring
last
students who do not need state aid to
antiquated
with
do
making
twenty years dictate greater human
study, public higher education budget
laboratory equipment and taking
capitalization of the labor force. This
requests cannot compete with other,
the
If we
that diminish
actions
other
mandate cannot be ignored.
more pressing demands for scarce
capacity, quality and affordability
continue to fail to meet this challenge,
is of lower
Someday we would
state resources.
of higher education
we should expect to continue to divert
like to see a public higher education
priority than wouId be tapping into
scarce and perhaps diminishing social
budget request made only for dollars
the foregone institutional revenues
social
unproductive
to
resources
to educate students who truly need
that are available from students
welfare programs for those without the
state assistance to finance their higher
who could afford to pay for more
investments
capitalization
human
When that occurs, we
or all of the cost of their own
educations.
The
required to be self-supporting.
think governors and legislators will
higher educations.
poor don't go away if we ignore them,
favor capitalizing human resources
nor do the costs of their survival. Pay
over prisoners, welfare recipients, and
Capacity, quality and affordability of
now or pay
ultimately
but
later,
others who contribute little or nothin
higher education still cost real money,
society will pay.
to social welfare.
There is no way to provide
lots of it.
higher
of this
in
capacity
expand
and
and
The trajectory
social
Its well past time that we began this
education without money. There is no
economic policy is not a matter of
task in earnest.
way to provide depth and breadth of
market,
Labor
speculation.
1994 Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY Index
Issues 19 to 30
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Academic Preparation
High school graduation: 20
University tuition: 22
TRIO programs participation: 30
Arkansas
Children
ACT test scores: 25
University tuition: 22
Family income: 19
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29'
By family income: 25
District of Columbia
College prep curriculum: 25
Living with both parents: 27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Appropriations: 20
Affordability
Poverty rates: 21,22
Earnings by education: 23
Chance for college by age 19: 29
College Attendance Coes
Economic cenuibutionto GSP: 29
Children and family income: 19
Earnings by education: 23
By college types: 19,21,26
Migration of college freshmen: 30
ARe
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
College Board
Part-time enrollment 27
Part-time enrollment: 27
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Alabama
Attendance costs: 19,21
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Part-time enrollment 27
College Continuation
Prisons: 28
Appropriations:20,22.27.29
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Central cities: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Public high school graduation: 29
Room and board charges: 20
Nonmetropolitan:20
Earnings by education: 23
State grant coverage: 22
State governmentexpenditures: 24
Economic contribution to GSP: 29 State: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
State grant appropriations: 26
Suburban: 20
Migration of college freshmen: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
Colorado
State grant coverage: 22
Part-time enrollment: 27
Earnings
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
(see Income, Family Income)
Chance for college by age 19: 29
TRIO programs participation: 30
Prisons: 28
Educational Attainment
Earnings by educatka: 23
University tuition: 22
Public high school graduation: 29
Earnings: 23
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
Room and board charges: 20
Amiens
Family income: 19
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Academic preparation for college: 25
State governmeatexpeaditures: 24
Federal income taxes paid: 28
Part-time enrollment: 27
ACT scores by family income: 25
State grant appropriations: 26
Hispanics: 23
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
-..2ollege continuation:25
State grant coverage: 22
Households: 28
Prisons: 28
Earnings by education: 23
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Housing: 30
Public high school graduation: 29
Time to complete degree: 25
TRIO programs participation: 30
Income: 23,28
Attainment
Room and board charges: 20
University tuition: 22
Poverty rates: 19
State governmentexpenditures: 24
By family income: 24
Alaska
Unemploymentrams: 19
State grant appropriations:26
Appropriations:20.22.27,29
Hispanics: 23
Educational Opportunity Centers
Income by: 23,28 State grant coverage: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Projects by State: 30
Time to complete degree: 25
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Earnings by education: 23
Students served: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
Blacks
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Equity Index
University tuition: 22
Academic preparation for college: 25
Migration of college freshmen: 30
College completion: 24
Community Colleges
ACT scores by family income: 25
Part-time enrollment: 27
College participation: 24
I inancial need of freshmen: 21
Chiklren in poverty: 21
Pell Grant recipients. 22,27
Four-year college attainment: 24
Part-time enrollment: 27
Children living with both parents: 27
Prisons: 28
High school graduation: 24
Tuition and fees: 20
College continuation: 20,25
Public high school graduation: 29
Enmity Contribution
Connecticut
Earnings by education: 23
Room and board charges: 20
Federal Methodology:21,26
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
Length of life: 20
State governmentexpenditurcs: 24
Family Income
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State grant appropriations:26
Median family income: 19
Academic preparation for college by: 25
Earnings by education: 23
Part-time enrollment: 27
State grant coverage: 22
ACT test scores by: 25
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
Poverty rates among families: 19
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Baccalaureate attainment by:
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Prisoners: 28
TRIO programs participation: 30
Children and college affordability: 19
Parttime enrollment: 27
Time to complete deg
University tuition: 22
25
College freshmen: 21
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
American College Testing Program
Unemploymentby attainment:
19
College participation by: 24
California
Prisons: 28
Academic preparation for college: 25
Distribution: 24
Public high school graduation: 29
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
ACT test scores by family income: 25
Four-year college completion by: 24
Room and board charges: 20
Chance for college by age 19: 29
American Indiana
High school graduation by: 24
State governmentexpeaditures: 24
Earnings by education: 23
Academic preparation for college: 25
Housing: 30
State grant appropriations: 26,27
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
ACT scores by family income: 25
Quartile definitions: 24
State grant coverage: 22
Grant allocation models: 21
Earnings by education: 23
By educational attainment 19
State Student Incentive Granta: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Time to complete degree: 25
-se
By state: 23
TRIO programs participation: 30
Part-time enrollment 27
Anglo.
Federal Methodology
Pell Grant recipien 22,27
University tuition: 22
Academic preparation for college: 25
'messing college affonlability: 19
Corrections
Prison: 28
ACT scores by family income: 25
Financial need: 21
Incarceration rates by state: 28
Public high school graduation: 29
Chiklren in poverty: 21
Viewed by financial aid officem: 25
Prisoners: 28
Room mid board charges: 20
Median family income: 19
Federal Student Financial Aid
Cubans
State governmentexpeaditures: 24
Arizona
Federal expenditures: 19
Four-year college attainment: 23
State grant appropriations: 26,27
Appropriations: 20,22.27.29
Federal Methodology:19,21
Delaware
State gnat coverage: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Pell Grants: 21,22,27
Appropriations:20.22.27,29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
',Aiming. by education: 23
Shifting remonsibilities to students: 26
Chance for college by age 19: 29
TRIO programa participation: 30
ECODOMiC contribution to GSP: 79
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Earnings by education: 23
University tuition: 22
Migration of college freshmen: 30
TRIO gingivitis: 30
Census Sarum
Economic coldn'bution to GSP: 29
Part-time enrollment: 27
Females
Migration of college freshmen: 10
Currentpomilationsurvey: 19.20,23,24.
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Academic prepandion for college: 25
Part-time enrollment: 27
27
Prisons: 28
ACT tat scores by family income: 25
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Decennial census: 23
Public high Khool graduation: 29
College continuation:25
Prisons: 28
State government finances: 24
Room and board charges:
Length of life: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Central Americana
State governmenteapendin.- a: 24
Part-time eurolknent: 27
Room and board charges: 20
Four-year college attainment 23
State grant appropriation.: 26
Recent high school graduates: 25
Central Cities
State government expenditures: 24
State grant coverage: 22
Time to complear degree: 25
State grant appropriationa: 26
Chance for college: 20
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Fissotial Neal
State grant coverage: 22
College continuation: 20
TRIO programs participation: 30
7
BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1
College freshmen: 21,26
Earnings by education: 23
Prisons: 28
ACT test scores by family income: 25
By college type: 19,26
High school graduation: 23
Public high school graduation: 29
College continuation: 25
Financing Higher Education
Median family income: 19
length of life: 20
ROOM and board charges: 20
State governments:19.20.22.27
Part-time enrollment 27
State government expenditures: 24
Part-time enrollment 27
Federal government: 19
Poverty rates among families: 19
State grant appropriations: 26,27
Recent high school graduates: 25
Personal consumption:19
SAT scores: 23
State grant coverage: 22
Time to complete degree: 25
Florida
Twin to complete degree: 25
Maryland
State Student Incentive Grant.: 23
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29
Unemploymentby education: 19
TRIO programs participation: 30
Appropriation,s: 20,22,27,29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Idaho
University tuition: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Earnings by education: 23
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29
Kansas
Earnings by education: 23
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Appropriations: 20.22.27.29
Economic contributioo to GSP: 29
Education placement information: 24
Earnings by education: 23
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Grant allocation model: 21
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Earnings by education: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Part-time enrollment 27
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Part-time enrollment: 27
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Part-time enrollment 27
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Piisons: 28
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Prisons: 28
Part-time enrollment: 27
Public high school graduation: 29
Prisons: 28
Nu Grant recipients: 22.27
Public high school graduation: 29
Room and board charges: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Prisons: 28
Room and board charges: 20
State government expenditures: 24
Room and board rates: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
State government expenditures: 24
State grant appropriations: 26.27
State government expenditurel: 24
Room and board charges: 20 State grant appropriations: 26.27
Ftate grant coverage: 22
State grant appropriations. 26
State government expenditures: 24
State grant coverage: 22
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
State grant coverage: 22
State grant appropriations: 26
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
TRIO programs participation: 30
State Student Incentives Grants. 73
State grant coverage: 22
TRIO programa participation: 30
University tuition: 22
TRIO programs participation: 30
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
University tuition: 22
Freshmen
University tuitioo: 22
Massachusetts
TRIO programs participation- 30
Family income profile: 21
Illinois
Appropriations:20,22,29
University tuition: 22
Financial need: 21
Appropriations: 20.22.27,29
Kentucky
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Part-time enrollment: 27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Appropriations: 20.22,27.29
Earnings by education: 23
Freshman Survey (UCLA)
Earnings by education: 23
Earnings by education: 23
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
Family income profile: 21
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Grant allocation model: 21
Georgia
Grant allocation model: 21
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Appropriations:20,22.27.29
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Part-time enrollment: 27
Part-time enrollment: 27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Part-time enrollment: 27
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Earnings by education: 23
Prisons: 28
Prisons: 28
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
Prisons: 28
Public high school graduation: 29
Public high schoo) graduation: 29
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Public high school graduation: 29
Room and board charges: 20
Room and board charges: 20
Part-time enrollment: 27
Room and board charges: 20
State government expenditures: 24
State government expenditures: 24
Gnuit recipients: 22.27
State government expenditures. 24
State grant appropriations:26,27
State grant appropriations: 26.27
State grant appropriations: 26.27
Priaons: 28
State grant coverage: 22
State grant covenige: 22
State grant coverage: 22
Public high school graduation: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
State Student Inceati ee Grants: 23
Room and board charges: 20
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
TRIO programs participetion: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
State government expenditure*: 24
TRIO programs participation: 30
University tuition: 22
University tuition: 22
State grant appropriations: 26,27
Louisiana
McNair PoW-Raccalaureate Progr
University tuition: 22
Incarceration
State grant coverage: 22
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29
Projects by state: 30
State Student Incentives Grants: 23
(see Corrections)
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Students served: 30
Income
TRIO programs participation: 30
Mexican-Americana
Earnings by education: 23
By educational attainment: 23.28
University tuition: 22
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
(see Hispanics)
Hawaii
College participation by: 24
Michigan
Migration of college freshmen. 30
Federal income taxes paid: 28
Appropriations: 20.22.27,29
Part-time enrollment: 27
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Four-year college completion by: 24
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Earnings by education: 23 High school graduation by: 24
Prisons: 28
Earnings by education: 23
GSP: 29 Indiana
Economic contribution to
Public high school graduation: 29
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Appropriations:20.22.27,29
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Room and board charges: 20
Grant allocation model: 21
Part-time enrollment 27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State government expenditures: 24
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Pell Giant recipients: 22,27
Earnings by education: 23
State grant appropriations: 26
Part-time enrollment: 27
Prisons: 28
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
State grant coverage: 22
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Public high school graduation: 29 Migration of college freshmen: 30
State Student Incentive Grants 23
Prisons: 28
Room and board charges: 20
Part-time enrollment: 27
TRIO programa participation: 30
Public high school graduation: 29
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
State government expenditures: 24
Room and board charges: 20
University tuition: 22
State grant appropriations 26
Low Income
Public high school graduation: 29
State government expenditures: 24
Prisons: 28
State grant coverage: 22
State grant appropriation.: 26,27
SSIG allocation.s: 23
Room and board chug= 20
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Maine
State grant covensge: 22
TRIO programs participation: 30
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29
State government expenditures: 24
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
University tuition: 22 State grant appropriations: 26,27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
TRIO programs participation: 30
High School Graduation
State grant coverage: 22
Earnings by education: 23
University tuition: 22
Central city: 20
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Exonomic contributionto GSP: 29
hfinnesota
TRIO programs participation: 30
Hispaniiar 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Appropriations:20,22.27,29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Part-time enrollment: 27
Nonmetropolitan: 20
University tuition: 22
lanitutional Charges
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Recent in college: 25
FAmings by education: 23
Primo.: 28
State: 29
Board charges: 20
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Dormitory charges: 20
Suburban: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Grant allocation model: 21
Tuition and fees: 20
Hispanics
Room and board charges: 20 Migration of college freshmen: 30
lowa
Academic preparation for college: 25
State governmentexpenditures: 24
Part-time enrollment 27
Appropriations:20,22,27.29
ACT teat scores by family income: 25
State grant appropriations: 26
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Priam,: 28
State grant coverage: 22
Chiklren in poverty: 21
Children living with both parents: 27
Earning* by education: 23
State Studeot Incentive Grants: 23
Public high school graduation: 29
College adminiona tests scores: 23 Exonomic contributiooto GSP: 29
TRIO programs participation: 30
Room and board charges: 20
Migration of college frtehmen 30
College completion: 23 University tuition: 22
State government expenditures: 24
Put-time enrollment 2 7
Mahn
College continuation:25
State grant approprittiona: 26.27
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
College enrollment rates: 23
Academic preparation for college: 25
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
New York
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State grant coverage: 22
Prisons: 28
Appropriations:20,22,27,29
Part-time enrolknents: 27
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Public high school graduation: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
TRIO programs participation: 30
Room and board charges: 20
Earnings by education: 23
Public high school graduation: 29
Univetsity tuition: 22
State governmentexpendituros: 24
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Prisons: 28
&fismiasippi
State grant appropriations: 26.27
Grant allocation model: 21
Room and board charges: 20
Appropriations: 20.22,27,29
State grant coverage: 22
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State government expenditures: 24
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Part-time enrollment 27
State grant appropriations: 26
Earnings by education: 23
TRIO programs participation: 30
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
State grant coverage 22
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
University tuition: 22
Prisons: 28
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Oregon
Public high school graduation: 29
TRIO programs participation: 30
Part-time enrollment 27
Appropriations: 20.22,27.29
Room and board charges: 20
University tuition: 22
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State government expenditures: 24
Nevada
Prisons: 28
Earnings by education: 23
State grant appropriations: 26,27
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
Public high school graduation- 29
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
State grant coverage: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Room and board charges: 20
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Earnings by education: 23
State governmentexpenditures: 24
Part-time enrollment 27
TRIO programs participation: 30
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
State grant appropriations: 26
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
University tuition: 22
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State grant coverage: 22
Prisons: 28
Nonnsetropolitan
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Part-time enrollments: 2%
Public high school graduation: 29
Chance for college: 20
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
TRIO programs patticipation: 30
Room and board charges: 20
Collet.- continuation: 20
Prisons: 28
University tuition: 22
State government expenditures: 24
High school grochation: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Missouri
State grant appropriations: 26.27
North Carolina
Room end board charges: 20
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
State grant coverage: 22
Appropriations:20,21,29
State governrnentexpenditurot 24
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State grant appropriatiora: 26
Earnings by eduntion: 23
TRIO programs participation: 30
Earnings by education: 23
State grant co.-eracc. 22
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
University blitiod: 22
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Part-Time Enrollment
Migration of college freshmen: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
Part-time enrollment: 27
By age: 27
Part-time enrollment: 27
University tuition: 22
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Participation
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
New Hampshire
Prisons: 28
Hispanics: 23
Prisons: 28
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
Public high school graduation: 29
Whites: 23
Public high school graduation: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Room and board charges: 20
Pell Grants
Room and board charges 20
Earnings by education: 23
State government expend itures: 24
Coverage of institutional costs: 27
State government expenditures: 24
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
State grant appropriations 26.27
Distribution by inat control: 22
State grant appropriations: 26
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State grant coverage: 22
Grant allocation model: 21
State grant coverage: 22
Part-time enrollment: 27
3tate Student Incentive Grants: 23
Recipients by state: 22,27
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
TRIO programs participation: 30
State grant coverage: 22
TRIO programs participation: 30
Prisons: 28
University tuition: 22
Summary program statistics: 27
University tuition: 22
Public high school graduation: 29
Montana
Pennsylvania
North Dakota
Room and board charges: 20
Appropriations: 20.22.27.29
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
State government expenditures: 24
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State grant appropriationa: 26
Earnings by education: 23
arnings by education: 23
EArnings by education: 23
State grant coverage: 22
Economic contribution to GSP. 29
Economic contnbution to Gsi': 29
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Grant allocation model: 21
Migration of college freshmen: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
Part-time enrollment: 27
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Part-time enrollment: 27
University tuition: 22
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Part-time enrollment: 27
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
New Jersey
Prisons: 28
Nu Grant recipients: 22.27
Prsons: 28
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
Public high school graduation: 29
Prisons: 28
Public high school graduation: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Room and boani charges: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Room and board charges: 20:
Earnings by education: 23
State governmentexpenditures: 24
Room and board charges: 20
State government expenditures: 24
Economic contnbutionto GSP: 29
State grant appropriations: 26
State governmentexpenditures: 24
State grant appropriations: 26
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State grant coverage: 22
State grant appropriations: 26.27
State grant coverage: 22
Part-time enrollment: 27
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
State grant coverage: 22
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Pell Grant recipjents: 22.27
TRIO programs participation: 30
State Student Incentive Grants- 23
TRIO programs participation: 30
Prisons: 28
University tuition: 22
"i"..
TRIO programs participation: 30
University tuition: 22
Public high school graduation: 29
Murder
University tuition: 22
Ohio
Room and board charges: 20
Among 15 to 24 year okls: 19
Poverty
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
State government expenditures: 24
Nat ional
St at e
o f
Ammo ciat ion
Chikl poverty rates: 21,22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State gnat appropriations: 26,27
Scholarship and Grant Programs
Thresholds by family size: 19
Earnings by education: 23
State grant coverage: 22
Annual state survey: 22
Among family with children: 19
Ec000mic contribution to GSP: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Financial aid researrh conference: 21
Private 2-Year Colleges
Migration of college freshmen: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
for
Education
Center
National
Financial need of freshmen: 21
Part-time enrollment: 27
University tuition: 22
Statistics
Private 4-Year Colleges
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
New Mexico
Attendance costs: 21
Board charges: 20
Prisons: 28
Appropriations:20,22.27,29
Digest of Education Statistics: 27
Dormitory charges: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Chance for college by age 19: 29
HEGIS financial reports: 26
Fmancial need of freshmen: 21
Room and board charges: 20
Earnings by education: 23
Time to complete degree: 25
Part-time entollment: 27
State government expenditures: 24
of
State
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Conference
National
Tuition and fees: 20
State grant appropriations: 26,27
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Legislatures
Private Non-Prollt Inatitutions
State grant coverage: 22
Part-time enrollment: 27
Issues outlook: 20
Share of current funds expenditures: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
State appropriations: 20,26.27
Share of Pell Grants: 22
TRIO programa participation: 30
Product
and
Prisons: 28
Income
National
Time to complete degree: 25
University tuition: 22
Public high school graduation: 29
Accounts
View of federal methodology:25
Oklahoma
Room and baud charges: 20
Financing higher education: 19
Private Universities
Appropriations: 20.22,27.29
State governmentexpenditures: 24
Shifting responaibilities: 26
Board charges: 20
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State grant appropriations: 26
Nebranka
Dormitory charges: 20
Earnings by educstion: 23
State grant coverage: 22
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
Fasencial need of freshmen: 21
Economic contnbutionto GSP: 29
State Student Incentive Gnsnts: 23
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Tuition and fees: 20
Migration of college freshmen: 30
TRIO programa participation: 30
Earnings by education: 23
Profit Maims laditstioas
Parttime enrollment 27
University tuition: 22
Economic oontnbutionto OSP: 29
9
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Share of Pell Grants: 22
Per $1000 of personal income: 26
Part-time enrollment 27
Public high school grnduation: 29
View of federal methodology:25 Student Support Services
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Room and board charges: 20
Public 4-Year Colleges
Projects by state: 30
Prisons: 28
State government expenditures: 24
Board charges: 20 Students served: 30
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Public high retool graduation: 29
Suburban
Dormitory charges: 20
State grant appropriations:26.27
Room and board charge.: 20
Financial need of freshmen: 21
Cbance for college: 20
State govemmentexpenditures: 24
State grant coverage: 22
Part-time enrollment 27
College continuation: 20
State grant appropriations:26.27
TRIO programs participation: 30
Tuition and fees: 20
High school graduation: 20
University tuition: 22
State grant coverage: 22
Public Inditutions Virginia
Talent Search
State Shortcut Incentive Grants: 23
Share of current funds expenditures: 29
Projects by state: 30
TRIO progtams participation: 30
Appropriations:20.22,27.29
Share of Pell Grants: 22
University tuition: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Students served: 30
Wyoming
Tme to complete degree: 25
FArnings by education: 23
Tennesaee
View of federal methodology:25
Appropriations: 20,22.27.29
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Public Univenities
Chance for college by age 19: 29 Migration of college freshmen: 30
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Board charges: 20
Earnings by education: 23
Part-time enrollment: 27
EArnings by education: 23
Dormitory charges: 20
Econonn. contribution to GSP: 29
Pell Grant recipients: 22.27
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Migration
Financial need of freshmen: 21
Migration of college freshmen: 30
college freshmen: 30
Prisons: 28
Part-time arollment 27
Tuition and fees: 20
Part-time enrollment: 27
Public high school griduation: 29
Puerto Rico
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Room and board charges: 20
Prisons: 28
Appropriations: 27
Prisons: 28
State government expenditures: 24
Four-year college attainment: 23
Public high school graduation: 29
Public high school graduation: 29
State grant appropriations:26
Part-time enrollment: 27
Room and board charges: 20
Room and board charges: 20
State grant coverage: 22
SAT scores: 23
State government expenditures: 24
State govemment expenditures: 24
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
State grant appropriations:26,27
State Student Incentive Grants. 23
State grant appropriations: 26
TRIO programs administration: 30
TRIO programs participation: 30
State grant coverage: 22
University tuition: 22
State grant coverage: 22
Rhode Island
Washington
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Appropriations: 20.22,29
TRIO programs participation: 30
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
TRIO programs participation: 30
Chance for college by age 19: 29
University tuition: 22
University tuition: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Earnings by education: 23 Texas
Earnings by education: 23
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Grant allocation model: 21
Part-time enrollment: 27
Earnings by education: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
PeU Grant recipients: 22.27
Part-time enrollment 27
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Priams: 28
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Part-time enrollment: 27
Public high school graduation: 29
Prisons: 28
Pell Great recipients: 22.27
Room and board charges: 20
Public high school graduation: 29
Prisons: 28
State government expenditures: 24
Room and board charges: 20
State grant approprieions: 26.27
Public high school graduation: 29
State government expenditures: 24
Room and board charges: 20
State grant coverage: 22
State grant appropriations: 26,27
State government expenditures: 24
State Student Incentive Gnome: 23
State grant coverage: 22
TRIO progrsms participation: 30
State grant appropriations: 26,27
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
University tuition: 22
State grant coverage: 22
TRIO programa participation: 30
South Carolina
University tuition: 22
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
West Virginia
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
TRIO programs participation: 30
University tuition: 22
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Appropriations: 20.22,27,29
Tuition
Earnings by education: 23
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Share of expenditures: 26
Earnings by education: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
State flagship universities: 22
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Unemployment
Part-time enrollment: 27
Migration of college freshmen: 30
Back Issues
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Rates by educational attainment: 19
Part-time enrollment: 27
Upward Bound
Prisms: 28
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Copies of 1994 issues of
I ublic high school graduation. 29 Projects by state: 30
Prisons: 28
OPPORTUNITY are
Room and board charges: 20 Students served: 30 Public high school graduation: 29
Utah
State government expenditures: 24
Room arid board charges: 20
available for $7.00 each, or
Appropriations: 20,22.27,29
State grant appropriations: 26,27
State govemment expenditures: 24
$84 for all twelve issues.
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State grant coverage: 22 State grant appropriations: 26
State Studmt Incentive Grants: 23
Earnings by education: 23
State grant coverage: 22
Send order to:
TRIO programs participation: 30
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30
University tuition: 22
TRIO programs participation: 30
OPPORTUNITY
Part-time enrollment: 27
South Dakota
University tuition: 22
Whites
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Appropriations: 20,22,27.29
P.O. Box 127
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Prisons: 28
Academic preparation for college: 25
Iowa City, IA 52244
Public high school graduation: 29
ACT test scores by family income: 25
Earnings by education: 23
Room and board charges: 20
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Attainment: 23
Migration of college freshmen: 30 Children living with both parents: 27
State government expenditures: 24
Part-time enrollment: 27
State grant appropriations: 26
College completion rates: 23
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
State grant coverage: 22
College continuation:19.25
State Student Incentive Grants: 23
College enrollment: 23
Prisons: 28
TRIO programs participation: 30
Public high school graduation: 29
High school graduation: 23
University tuition: 22
Lcrigth of life: 20
Room end board charges: 20
Vermont
Part-time enrollment: 27
State government expenditures: 24
Appropriations: 20.22.27,29
State grant appropriations: 26 Poverty rates among families: 19
Chance for college by age 19: 29
State grant coverage: 22 Tune to complete degree: 25
Earnings by education. 23 Unernploymentby education: 19
State Student Incentive Grants 23
Economic contributionto GSP: 29
Wisconsin
TRIO programs participation: 30
University tuition: 22
Migration of college freshmen: 30 Appropriations: 20,22,27,29
State Appropriations
Grant allocation model: 21
Chance for college by age 19: 29
Part-time enrollment: 27
By budget category: 20.22.27.29
Earnings by education: 23
Pell Grant recipients: 22,27
Economic contribution to GSP: 29
Correction.: 28
Prisons: 28
Por date greet programs: 26.27 Migration of college freshmen: 30
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