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ERIC ED389409: Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working. PDF

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 389 409 PS 023 704 TITLE Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working. INSTITUTION Kids Count Minnesota, Minneapolis. SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Greenwich, CT. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 9p. AVAILABLE FROM Congregations Concerned for Children, 122 West Franklin, Suite 218, Minneapolis, MN 55404. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) Statistical Data (110) JOURNAL CIT Minnesota Kids Count; Spr 1995 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Child Caregivers; Child Health; Child Support; *Child Welfare; *Day Care; *Day Care Centers; Family Income; Financial Support; Low Income Counties; State Aid IDENTIFIERS *Minnesota ABSTRACT This newsletter issue focuses on the basic sliding fee child care program, outlining the need for child care assistance, explaining how the program costs less than public assistance, examining the effects on families waiting for the program, providing an overview of how the program currently works with a county-by-county analysis (a 2-page chart accompanies this section), and offering recommendations for policymakers, citizens, employers, child advocates, and other citizens. Vignettes of individual family experiences highlight the individual articles. (AP) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************k*********************** - EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) )Ift This documont has been reptoduced as Child Care receded from the person 0; organized°fl ongnaung d. O Mono( changes have been mad. to improve reproduction queldy. pp. of vNe o. OINA608 staled .n sum represent not Assistance Keeps Minnesot a Working -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS , MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES S t-k*laN." INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI RS25C,,,2 minnesoto Safe, reliable and high quality working families pay child care costs. child care is a major expense In 1994, the BSF Program helped for Minnesota's families. Many more than 7,800 low income families Spring 1995 low-income, working families don't by paying a portion of their child care earn enough to cover child care costs expenses. However, KIDS COUNT This report on the Basic and other basic lMng expenses. estimates that over 58,000 families They are forced to rely on unstable Sliding Fee Child Care may be eligible for assistance. and temporary care for their children Program: and face severe financial problems An average of 6,200 low income such as debt or bankruptcy. Some families were on county waiting lists outlines the need for parents must quit their jobs or drop to receive BSF assistance in the last out of college or training programs in child care assistance half of 1994. These families are order to care for their children. trying to be self-sufficient and Ultimately, some must turn to AFDC, productive, but with average child ',explaine how:the food stamps and Medical Assistance. care costs for a preschool child at ram costs less than $3,546 in Greater Minnesota and Fortunately, some Minnesota families $4,275 in the Metro u lic <assistance area, it is have another option: the Basic almost impossible for low-income, Sliding Fee Child Care Program working families to make ends meet ,examines the effect on (BSF), which helps low income, without child care subsidies. an?ilies waiting 'for the am' More Families Average Yearly Cost yovides an -overview of Need Help With of Child Care -how the program Child Care Costs Preschoolers, a currently works with 3rd Quarter 1994 A t)Itcoun epproximately one out of every sis ight eligible families receives elp from the BSF program. ers recommendations An average of 7,188 families received BSF subsidies in fiscal year makers and $3,546 1994. In 1993, over 148,000 Greater Minnesota families filed for the Minnesota Federal Earned Income Tax Credit and the State Working Family Credit, 1.1)**4 )(43 tPunt, fcAnt prolect . a which are programs for families *ctofetiieVu4, whose gross income is less than tridizrigationi : fun* by $23,000. Using census data, KIDS 7:4)COneerne4 *Children, 4h g,:.:clisost,Fotindetioni. one COUNT estimates that over 58,000 of these families are working "s.44411)4,311.11 ' parents with children age 12 and under. Ofrit****i, Cobra release's ' These are the families most likely to to prOOldeeitonnireliinii* ste:. .7110 oef le Of ,14inniesotti's children' need child care and meet income 'print tor action on their. . qualifications for the Basic Sliding Fee Program. 1 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Subsidized Child Care is Cheaper and Better for Families Than Welfare child care subsidies for Welfare reform is impoisible without low income, working families is Providing adequate child care assistance for low cheaper than supporting a family income families. A 1992 study of on public assistance. The average California's self-sufficiency program for monthly cost for a family on AFDC parents on AFDC reported that, "the 1, $1.132. including food stamps and reliability and convenience of (child) "I am the mother of a two- medical assistance. The average care were significant in predicting parent family with four monthly cost for providing the Basic parents success in the program -4 A Sliding Fee Child Care Program to that children under age 7. If there 1987 General Accounting Office study same family is only $336 (see chart). found that 60% of respondents in was no assistance to help pay Sixty one percent of farniiies use the public assistance work programs in 38 for child care, I would not be BSF program for two years or less.2 states reported that lack of child care was a barrier to their participation in able to work and we could not Families who receive funding through the labor force. One-third of poor survive on one income. As it is, the BSF program improve their women not in the labor force identified economic status as they are able to we struggle to pay our share child care as a barrier.5 take full-time work and pursue training of MI per month. It is a for higher-wage jobs. 3 struggle to make the house payment, pay taxes and feed Average Monthly Costs for Assisting a Family our family." Before we got on the program, we lived with my husband's Basic Sliding Fee family and borrowed money Child Care Program from both sets of grandparents. We want to be AFDC. food self-supporting taxpayers." stamps and medical assistance for a family of three $0 $400 $200 $600 $800 $1000 $1200 Note Average monthly costs of programs provided by Minnesota Department of Human Services The average yearly cost for assisting a family on the 8SF Program is $4.037 Average AFDC cash grant for a family of three $532 Foods stamps 5210 Cost of medical coverage $130 per person wimso. 1. As more women with children enter has an annual gross income of only 3. Single parent families are increasing: the work force, the need for child $17,680. Even parents who have 16% of Minnesota children live in care increases. Minnesota ranks jobs which pay significantly above single parent families. Single parent fourth in the nation for the number the minimum wage have difficulty families, especially those headed by of mothers working outside the paying for child care. The women, are the poorest families in home;6 in 1990, 71 percent of Minnesota Job Gap Study by the Minnesota.9 Minnesota mothers with children Jobs NOW Coalition estimates that under age six were in the labor a living wage for a family of three 4. As more public assistance recipients force. For mothers with school-age (one parent and two children) is are compelled to work in order to children, the rate was 82 percent.7 $21,250 or $10.23 per hour. receive benefits, the need for However, there are six job seekers subsidized child care will increase. 2. A family with both parents working for every one of these jobs.8 40 hours a week at minimum wage 2 Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working Waiting List Procedures Vary number of families reported to be NIost counties keep waiting lists waiting for assistance. For example, for the BSF Program. The when one county "cleaned" its waiting length of time a family is on a list in August 1994, there were over waiting list can vary from less than 550 families on the list. When the one month to over two years. The "I am the single parent of one county reported its waiting list to the waiting time is affected by the amount Department of Human Services in of money a county has for the child named Charlie. September 1994, it reported 77 program, the type of care needed (for families waiting. However, by January example, infant care is harder to find I had no financial or emotional 1995, there were over 170 families and more expensive), the number of support from my family and was on the waiting list. children in a family, and whether or not the family fits a priority group, forced to go on welfare when I such as people ending their transition Families previously on AFDC are became pregnant. I had to go to year from AFDC. guaranteed help with child care for food shelves when I ran out of one year following AFDC. These food. I had to get Christmas families have an effect on the BSF Waiting lists may not be an accurate waiting lists because when they enter reflection of need for the program. presents from a charitable this transition year, they are Approximately 25% of Minnesota organization so that my son immediately placed on the waiting list counties reported no families on their for BSF. While this enables most of waiting lists as of October 1994. In a could have some Christmas these parents to continue wcrking, few counties all families desiring BSF presents. I wanted to finish my other families face longer waiting lists assistance are being served. Some four year degree. I wanted to and may be forced onto public counties do not keep a waiting list assistance. As a recent article in the becauce they can't afford it. In some work. I wanted to afford journal Young Children notes, "By counties with larger waiting lists, groceries for my child, instead treating families on welfare and families are discouraged from adding families of low-income working people their names because they are unlikely of having to deal with as distinctly different when so many to receive services. Counties also embarrassing food stamps and have similar circumstances, the current control or "clean" their waiting lists food shelves. I wanted to get system does not necessarily promote periodically when they ask families if the goal of economic self-sufficiency in they are still interested in remaining Christnias gifts for my son that an equitable manner."10 on the list. When a county last were not given to him by some "cleaned" its waiting list affects the other caring individual. When I was given subsidized Families Suffer While Waiting daycare, I was able to get off of for Child Care welfare and start a job and school. I worked 30-35 hours a week, took four and five overwhelming debt as a result of their AAsrecent report from the Greater child care expenses. Almost half of classes a semester at the Minneapolis Day Care the parents felt unable to work or sociation, Valuing Families: University of St. Thomas and The High Cost of Waiting, found pursue job training or education for was a caring, devoted mother to higher-wage jobs. Many children of serious consequences for Hennepin families on the waiting list do not have County families on the waiting list for a one year old. Subsidized consistent, stable care and sound early child care subsidies. One-quarter of the daycare allowed me to receive a childhood education.11 Families in families on the list left jobs or job- four year degree and get off need of subsidies but who are not on related training and turned to AFDC. waiting lists no doubt face similar Another quarter relied on food stamps welfare. I now have a full time and Medical Assistance to make ends difficulties. job and I could not have done It meet. Many families had incurred without subsidized daycare: 4 thi kids Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working 0:=1 3 How the Basic Sliding Fee Child Care Program Works The Basic Sliding Fee Child Care To qualify for assistance, a family's Program, which began in 1980, annual income must be below 75% of "I was married with four children is managed by the Minnesota the state median income. In 1994, and thought that I had a reasonably Department of Human Services and the cutoff point was $29,309 for a secure future with my husband and administered by Minnesota's 87 family of three. The program requires counties. In 1994, total BSF our growing business until my that families pay a portion of their child expenditures were approximately $29 care expenses, based on family size and husband left. 1-le paid child support million, which includes $14 million gross income. For example, a family for the first year after he was from the federal government, $9.5 of three with an annual income of gone. This money and receiving million from the state and $5.3 million $15,000 would pay $18 a month for from county governments. Each child care expenses, which represents child care subsidies allowed me to county's portion of state funding is approx.mately .4% of their total gross start a nursing degree. based on a formula that counts the income. As a Emily's income total number of children under 13, the increases, its share of child care Nowever, I was informed that my number of children enrolled in income- expenses also increase (see chart). For based health plans and the county's higher education subsidy will run example, when a family's gross income BSF expenditures from the previous is 75% of the State Median Income, a out before I can complete my year. State statute requires counties to family of three pays $420 a month for second year, because the contribute a minimum of 15% of the child care, 17% of their gross income. legislature changed the funding program's direct service cost to claim their full state and federal BSF allocation. Because my child care allocation. costs are over $1,400 per month, I 1994-95 can no longer afford to go to $600 111 Family of 2 4, Family of 3 I Minnesota school. The waiting lists for other Family of 4 Child $500 child care assistance are three Care years long. To make matters $23.726 Gross Sliding $400 $34.892 worse, my ex-husband discontinued Income Maximum Gross Fee his child support payments, and the Income Scale Maximum $300 highest paying Job that I found pays $4.50 an hour, which did not cover $200 my child care cxpenses. I am now on welfare. I don't like being here. $100 I don't want to raise my kids on welfare. This is not the role model I $15.000 MOM $21.000 $24,000 $27.000 $30.000 $33.000 $36.000 want to be. I want to raise my Annual Family Gross Income children to be confident, productive members of society. My options to County Contributions to the get off welfare ars either school or work. Either way I need child cars, Sliding Fee Program Differ long enough to get through an educational program completely or Some counties have contributed county indicator of support for the program. long enough until my youngert I t in dollars to the program, far beyond the Some counties underspend their school. Then I would ba able to amount mandated by statute. Other allotments because of economic counties returned funds to the state, distress in the county. County support myself and my childtan." even though there are unserved, commitment to the BSF Program must eligible families in that county. t- be examined on a case-by-case basis. t County spending is not the only 4 Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working Stable, High Quality Child Recommendations Care Helps Children; 1 Increase public funding Poor Care Hurts Children for the Basic Sliding Fee Child Care Program to serve all families The first five years of a child's life quency and dropping out of school.12 currently on program are crucial to healthy develop- waiting lists. ment, yet universal public fund- The quality of child care is determined ing for education does not begin until by the education and training of the kindergarten. The quality of care given 2. Phase in additional caregiver, the number of children in a to children is critical to the overall increases so that all group, and the stability of the child development of children and the future care arrangements and caregivers. eligible families can be of our society. Starting Points High income parents have more choice served by 2001. Meeting the Needs of our Youngest and can purchase top quality child Children, a 1994 study by the care. Low income parents who do not 3. Counties should take Carnegie Corporation, found that receive child care assistance have few "quality child care enables a advantage of all available young choices and often piece together child to become emotionally secure, child care subsidy funds unreliable, low quality care, which has socially competent and intellectually a negative effect on their children. to maximize the number capable." Children in child care "who They are also less able to express of families served. receive warm and sensitive caregiving concerns about the quality of care for are more likely to enter school ready their children for fear of jeopardizing 4. As state funding for BSF and eager to learn." On the other their access to even minimal or increases, county hand, inadequate or barely adequate damaging care. 13 care is a powerful predictor of delin- contributions should be capped at their current dollar amount so that counties do not have If families a are going to For more information disincentive to spend all work, the most or questions about of their state and federal this report, contact: important role county allocation. and state government Children's Defense Fund 5. Clarify how waiting lists (612) 227-6121 can play is to provide are maintained so that child care funding." decision makers and or others have a more Congregations Concerned for accurate indication of - David Sanders, Director Children need. (612) 870-3660 Children's Services, Mennepin 1. Minnesota Department of Revenue. 5. Hershfield, Bruce. Testimony to the 9. Minnesota Kids-A Closer Look. 2. Subcommittee on Human Resources, Minnesota Department of Human Minnesota KIDS COUNT, June 1994. Services. Committee on Education and Labor. 10. Ross, Jane L. Welfare Reform - U.S. House Of Representatives. 3. Swenson-Klatt, Deborah. Valuing Preparing for the Debate. Young September 20, 1994. Families: The High Cost of Waiting Children, January 1995. 6. for Child Care Fee Subsidies. Greater Popates, Minnesota Department of ibid #3 11. Planning. Vol 94-3, November 10, Minneapolis Day Care Association, 1994. February 1995. 12. Starting Points, Meeting the Needs of Our Youngest Children. Carnegie, 7. 4. Riccio, J. and Friedlander, D. GAIN: Labor Force Participation of Women. Corporation, New York: 1994. Newsletter #201. Legislative Program Strategies, Participation ibid #3 13. Patterns, and First Year Impact in Six Commission on the Economic Status of Women, October 1994. Counties. Manpower Demonstration Research, New York: 1992. 8. Steuernagle, Bruce. The Minnesota Job Gap Study, Jobs Now Coalition, St. Paul, MN: 1995. Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working A County by Total Estimated Average # Percent of families number of of families BSF with employed receiving allocation children families EtSF overspent (4) C under eligible o u nty View of Region subsidies underspent (-) age 18 County for BSF FY 1994 FY 1993 Basic Sliding Kittson 731 77 -7.0% 12 1 Marshall 1,511 162 23 1 -11.0% Norman 1.005 120 +18.0% 21 1 Pennington 215 1,779 Fee Child 1 27 +6.0% 4.341 Polk 465 86 +8.0% 1 594 Red Lake 78 1 -36.0% 13 2,224 242 Roseau 34 -11.0% 1 Care Need Subtotal 12.185 1,359 216 1 Beltrami 4.526 2 590 85 +0.0% 2 Clearwater 1,065 179 37 -11.0% 2 Hubbard 1.908 299 29 -19.0% 2 Lake of the Woods 525 97 9 -26.0% Mahnomen 662 2 107 +0.0+0 14 Subtotal 2 8,686 1,272 174 Aitkin 1,457 301 25 -17.0% 3 Carlton 4,045 482 53 +4.0% Cook 3 473 67 -37.0% 6 3 5,529 Itasca 745 84 -21.0% 3 Koochiching 2.031 274 28 -2.0% 3 Lake 1,251 148 38 +56.0% 3 Saint Louis 25,020 2,527 586 +42.0% Subtotal 3 39,806 4,544 820 4 Becker 3.739 616 63 -6 0% 4 Clay 6,197 727 94 +15.0% 4 Douglas 3,720 548 +38.0% 162 4 Grant 709 126 13 +0.0% Otter Tail 4 6,057 983 +12 0% 135 4 Pope 1,333 206 31 +5.0% 4 Stevens 1,164 129 20 -6.0% : 4 Traverse 549 81 +30.0% 19 4 Wilkin To obtain an estimate of eligibility for the BSF Program. KIDS 1,046 126 +8.0% 19 COUNT took the number of families receiving the Working Family Subtotal 4 24,514 3,542 556 Credit and Earned Income Credit for each county during 1993. An adjustment factor was created by using census data to determine the number of these families who also have children ages 12 and under (children who are most likely to need child care) and who are 2,616 5 389 Cass 50 -13 0% headed by employed single parents or by two parents, both of : whom are in the labor force. This is a conservative estimate for two Crow Wing 5 5,830 813 82 -19.0% 1 reasons. The income cut-off for Working Family Credit and Earned Morrison 5 4,092 750 66 +5.0% ; Income Credit is lower than the cut-off for BSF eligibility. In 5 Todd 3,188 addition. BSF alo serves parents in education and training 504 71 +7.0% 1 programs, who may not be eligible for the Working Family Credit I 5 Wadena 1,747 367 48 +1.0% and Earned Income Credit. 4 Subtotal 5 17,473 2,823 317 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 6 Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working 'total Estimated Percent of Average * Percent of Total Average 5 rstirnatqA number of families number of of families families of families BSF BSF employed allocation with receiving allocation with employed receiving children families children BSF BSF families ovenpalt (+) overspent (+) under subsidies eligible subsidies under eligible underspent () underspent (-) age 18 talon County FY 1994 age 18 for BSF FY 1993 FY 1993 County FY 1994 Region for BSF 6e 5,324 726 6,033 75 Kandiyohi 67 +10.0% 9 +23.0% 894 Blue Earth 470 4,512 6e 3,490 58 509 51 MacLeod 9 -9,0% Brown +5.0% 2,793 2,193 6e 347 29 +8.0% Meeker 362 9 Faribault 6e 40 333 3,040 2,261 418 Renville +19.096 Martin 9 Subtotal 14,890 6e 1,876 195 9 Faribault/Martin 48 -24.0% 3,211 24 9 406 Le Sueur +26.0% 3,593 422 9 38 +30.0% Nicollet 1,857 9 26 6w 751 Big Stone 149 Sibley -18.0% -6.096 14 2:97 2,499 6w 9 36 352 1,743 Waseca 26 251 Chippewa +5.0% +27.0% 6w Lac Qui Park 1,487 1,088 153 9 +13.0% 337 Watonwan 17 -2.0% 15 Subtotal 27,403 3,997 9 304 232 1,299 6w 15 Swift -3.0% 221 1,442 34 6wYellow Medicine -6.0% Martin are reported jointly as Fanbault/Martin ** Faribault & Subtotal 6,323 1,006 6w 114 2,336 268 25 10 Dodge -4.0% 4,557 663 7e Chisago 35 +0.0% 42 2,638 496 10 Fillmore -13.0% !mil 7e 3,823 501 27 -2.096 4,283 60 +2.0% Freeborn 596 10 249 1,802 7e Kanabec +51.0% 24 5,500 60 582 Goodhue 10 +9.0% 479 7e 24 2,565 +4.0% Mille Lacs 2,494 Houston 377 +40.0% 32 10 2,712 517 7e 61 +2.0% Pine 4,626 10 .141 622 +69.0% Mower 2,409 Subtotal 15,450 7e 171 14,988 858 10 +43.0% Olmsted 169 6,326 754 10 48 +4.0% Rice 4,359 636 53 7w Benton -2.0% 4.231 35 480 Steele 10 -10.0% 6,349 677 7w Shelburne 77 +8.0% 2,702 10 24 Wabasha 395 -2.0% 15,476 1,706 Stearns 7w 165 -7.0% 5,779 Winona 830 10 74 +8.0% 1,182 69 10,463 +15.0% 7w Subtotal 55,903 Wright 6,258 10 710 36,647 Subtotal 4,201 364 7w 37,423 3,142 308 Anoka 11 -7.0% 8 254 Cottonwood 1,580 27 -12.0% 7,378 592 58 +5.0% Carver- 11 8 222 30 1,524 Jackson 0.0% 42,651 3,645 Dakota 393 11 +48.0% 827 8 Uncoln 134 124,120 Hennepin 9,230 1,203 11 +17.0% 472 3,273 8 Lyon ' 59,813 4,380 Ramsey 11 911 +48.0% 1,208 8 193 Murray 9,021 Scott 11 55 692 -13.0% 8 Region 8 North 93 +7. 04/o 22,341 Washington 1,241 120 11 -20.0% 8 430 2,546 302,747 Subtotal 28 Nobles +42.0% 22,922 3,048 11 8 243 Pipestone 1,301 -7.0% 2 8 344 2,255 Redwood +11.0% 19 1,290 8 176 Rock +21.0% 13 State Total 57 7,831 7,201 58,67 7 8 2,468 Subtotal 15,804 212 Uncoln, Lyon & Murray are reported jointly under Region 8 Child Care Assistance Keeps Minnesota Working 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 I 0 1 Children's Defense Fund and Congregations Concerned for As a citizen: they are on the BSF partnership, contact Children wish to acknowledge waiting list. Congregations Concerned the contributions of the Contact your state for Children. following people to this Write your state legislators representative and state report: and let them know how Provide free child care for senator with this message: Staff many of your workers all events sponsored by "Increase the Basic Sliding Minnesota Department of your congregation. During receive child care Human Services Fee Child Care Program the first week of April, the assistance, enabling them which helps low-income, Chris Halvorson to.work for you. Week of the Young Child, working parents. Legislative Commission on give special recognition to )3041,exible for parents who the Economic Status of the early childhood If your family or familiWyott to care for sick Women providers in your know have experien04!:: r Blaire Hartley congregation. care difficulties, shard:, Legislative Assistant to stories. For the nam.: ars a county Minnesota Senator Pat Piper 4134 address of your state ' Polly Keppel representative and stata Child Care Works (612) , yvvork senator, call: leraPto to increase your Jim Nicholie hild c 2146 or 1-800-657-354Qi! county's contribution to the Greater Minneapolis Day Uupugh sto 1al ahl1itc:";,.1' subsidized child care Take this report to work; Care Association resowarzitid remota!' program. to school, or to your k Juanita Pekay .., 4 congregation and ask 'five If you are a state City Parents United If you belong,to a other people to contact, legislator: Pete Rode chtikh, synJcgue or their legislators. The Urban Coalition Respond to the overwhelming Investigate the situatiori* need for child care subsidies Minnesota KIDS COUNT your county and encoura , and appropriate additional 9 staff: action to serve as man,Iv.:i funds to help meet the need Terri Anderson families as possible. e.14 car'e or a 'er school aild this biennium. Communications Write a letter to the ectiti,ik. Coordinator, KIDS COUNT As a child advocate: of your local newspaper,' a Diane Benjamin 4 , supporting increases kir, ",.iexiAir4sc dOre - the Child Advocates Hot Director, KIDS COUNT the Basic Sliding Fee Chlid, ---.1160:!4:416'1:16116"16n0.4.itne weekly from January to Carolyn Hendrixson Care program. Use the child care provider. May for updates on actions ,s1 Director, Congregation statistics in this report tO Concerned for Children firrr.,_1.,_11,,.1.1::4Tnet.t.ht:11?;:i;',1lieeded to increase the Basic support your position. 'Our vynsmisali6n' can nelp'liding Fee Child Care Luanne Nyberg fund child care If you are an employer: Program. Director, Children's Defense scholarships, buy needed Fund-Minnesota equipment and supplies Follow the Mayo Clinic's CHILD ADVOCATES and offer volunteer time. example, and help parents HOT LINE Designed & Produced by Dan For more information on who work for you with Nord ley, Micro Horizons (Jraphics 1-800-626-6108. how to create a their child care costs while Non-Profit Org. US Postage PAID !krCongregations Concerned kids foe Children Minneapolis, MN The Greater Minneapolis Permit No. 3772 count Council of Churches minnesota 122 W Franklin Ave #218 Minneapolis, MN 55404

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