ERIC ED386132: Post-Secondary Education in the South Pacific: Present Patterns and Future Options. Educational Development in the Small States of the Commonwealth Series.

183 Pages·1994·1.9 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 386 132
HE 028 540
AUTHOR
Crocombe, Ron; Crocombe, Marjorie Tuainekore
TITLE
Post-Secondary Education in the South Pacific:
Present Patterns and Future Options. Educational
Development in the Small States of the Commonwealth
Series.
INSTITUTION
Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England).
REPORT NO
ISBN-0-85092-399-9
PUB DATE
94
NOTE
183p.
AVAILABLE FROM
Education Department, Human Resource Development
Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough
House, Pall Mall, London, SW1Y FHX, England, United
Kingdom (5 British pounds).
PUB TYPE
Books (010)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC08 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Access to Education; Comparative Analysis; Developing
Institutions; Developing Nations; Educational Demand;
*Educational Development; Educational Needs;
Educational Trends; Foreign Countries; Futures (of
Society); Government Role; *Higher Education; Long
Range Planning; Need Analysis (Student Financial
Aid); Policy Formation; Sociocultural Patterns
IDENTIFIERS
British Commonwealth; Cook Islands; Solomon Islands;
*South Pacific
ABSTRACT
This book contains the results of a study examining
post-secondary education in the South Pacific by surveying the number
of educational opportunities currently offered, by analyzing key
trends, and by comparing developments in the Cook Islands and the
Solomon Islands. Following an introductory section on terminology and
the region, the first main section describes current post-secondary
educational opportunities in detail including sources, courses,
qualifications, and access. This section concludes that increased
demand for education has pressured governments to allocate resources
at all levels and has encouraged diversification among sources of
post-secondary education. The next section compares the Cook and
Solomon Islands, the latter one of the area's largest nations and the
former one of the smallest. The chapter on trends and policy options
discusses a culture of continuous learning, curriculum issues,
qualifications, educational quality, student and staff mobility,
management, equity issues, finance, and economic development. A final
section looks toward the next century and recommends extending
choice, increased self-financing, accepting new national contexts,
strengthening institutions, internationalizing education, encouraging
science and technology, encouraging lifelong learning, strengthening
curricula, acknowledging mobility, ensuring personal development, and
developing personal and social values. An index is included.
(Contains over 80 references.)
(JB)
1-fE
'
I
1
1
a
I
r.
I
NO
00
U II DEPARTNENT OF EDUCATION
THIS
Office ot Edocotenot Reword, and Imoromowni
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE
BY
TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
ED
MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED
CENTER IERICI
hie ctaturnol has Omin moroduood Is
Commonwealth
morMO from to PIMA or Oromttion
Orpmattrq it
0 MINN Chao(S Noll NOM mode to improve
Secretariat
Mix OtkpCOOn WW1,
Fantod mime Or OtormOoSSIIMKIm thre docu
mons do not MICSillnly taproom! Oficial
RESOURCES
TO THE EDUCATIONAL
OERI poslt'n of policy
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
LE
BEST COPY AVAI
-
_4*
Post-Secondary Education in
the South Pacific
Present Patterns and Future Options
Ron Crocombe
Marjorie Tuainekore Crocombe
Commonwealth Secretariat
First published in 1994 by:
The Commonwealth Secretariat
Marlborough House
Pall Mall
London SW IY 5HX
United Kingdom
Governments of developing Commonwealth countries wishing to
reproduce the material in this publication in whole or in part in any
language should inform the Commonwealth Secretariat which may
be able to offer some assistance in doing so.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
ISBN 0 85092 399 9
CO Commonwealth Secretariat 1994
[Prepared
fbr publication by Paren & Stacey Editorial Consultants
May be purchased from:
Education Department
Human Resource Development Division
Commonwealth Secretariat
Marlborough House
Pall Mall
London SW1Y 5HX
United Kingdom
Price L5.00
Preface
v
The Authors
vii
Acknowledgements
viii
ix
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
1
Note on terminology
4
The region covered
7
Current Provisions
11
Introduction
11
12
Sources of post-secondary education
National provision
12
Regional provision
17
24
International provision
Modes of learning
31
35
International agencies
40
South Pacific regional organisations
44
Donor support for training outside conventional institutions
NGOs
45
Church-sponsored institutions
47
Independent island institutions: Atenisi University, Tonga
47
48
Private firms
52
Commercial sources of post-secondary education
54
Summary
Courses
55
56
Specialist programmes
56
Selection of subjects
58
Qualifications
59
Access
59
Locality
60
Nationality
60
Ethnicity
Post-Secondary Education in the South Pacific
iv
Academic. level
61
Social class
61
Religion
61
Conclusion
61
Contrasting Cases: The Cook Islands and Solomon Islands 64
The Cook Islands case
64
Full and part-time study in Cook Islands
64
Full-time study abroad
67
Other sources
69
Extent of post-secondary education
74
Driving forces
75
Comparison with Solomon Islands
76
Reasons for difference
77
Recent educational developments in Solomon Islands
79
Trends and Policy Options
82
Current trends
82
Policy issues
83
Towards a culture of continuous learning
83
Curriculum issues
84
Qualifications
92
The question of quality
97
Student and staff mobility
99
Management
101
Mixing rational, regional and international options
119
Equity issues
126
Finance
132
Post-secondary education and economic development
144
Preparing for the Twenty-First Century
146
Bibliography
154
Index
163
t)
Preface
The challenge set by smallness of national scale is nowhere more
evident than in the efforts of the world's smallest states to provide
post-secondary education for their citizens. For small countries to
find a sustainable niche in the political and economic world com-
munity requires investment in people; in the development of skills
and capacities to exploit and develop whatever comparative advan-
tage exists or can be created.
a region where this challenge
is being
The South Pacific
is
addressed in a variety of ways. The provision of a range of specialist
national institutions is not an option for island countries, most of
which have a population of under 500,000. But this is not an argu-
ment for neglecting post-secondary education at the national level.
As this volume in the Challenge of Scale series demonstrates there is
a remarkable range of educational activity taking place, within
national colleges and outside them; and provided by an array of
actors including government, the churches, the private sector,
NGOs, international companies and overseas educational institu-
tions.
The difficult balancing act for small states is to determine how far
they wish to strengthen this national capacity, including, in some
cases, the possibility of creating national universities, and how far it
is through access to regional and international provisions that
national interests are best served.
Ron and Marjorie Tuianekore Croconibe have spent their lives
in the service of education in the South Pacific. Their experience
has given rise to firm views on the directions which post-secondary
education should take in their region. These views arc forcibly
expressed in this study. They arc views which deserve debate and
not only in the South Pacific. For the Crocombes the challenge for
Post-Secondary Education in the South Pacific
vi
to strengthen national provisions; ensure greater
small states
is
equity in the availability of regional opportunities; and widen the
exposure of Pacific islanders to the countries of the Pacific Rim.
The ideas expressed in this study are those of the authors alone.
They do
position taken
not
by
the
represent
official
an
Conimonwealth Secretariat.
Education Department
Human Resource Development Division
Cornmonweaith Secretariat
1994
sE)
C/
The authors
Marjorie Tuainekore Crocombe has been a classroom teacher and
organising teacher in schools in the Cook Islands and New Zealand,
and a lecturer in teachers' colleges in the Cook Islands and Papua
New Guinea, where she was also involved in broadcasting. At the
University of the South Pacific she held several posts, including
Director of Extension Services. After 'retirement' she became
Director of the Centre for Pacific Studies at the University of
Auckland until 1993. She is President of the South Pacific Creative
Arts Society.
Ron Crocombe was in government service in the Cook Islands
before becoming a director of a research institute in Papua New
Guinea. He was the founding Professor of Pacific Studies and direc-
tor of the Institute of Pacific Studies at the University of the South
Pacific. He has held appointments at
the Australian National
University, the University of California, the University of Hawaii,
and the University of Canterbury. He is an emeritus professor of
the University of the South Pacific and is Chairman of the Cook
Islands National Commissions for UNESCO.
Both authors have published extensively on education and other
topics. They live in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
Acknowledgements
Many institutions and individuals have kindly assisted with informa-
In addition to
tion and advice which has been greatly appreciated.
all the institutions named in the study, persons who have responded
to requests for data or comment include Cliff Benson, Mark Bray,
Cokanasiga, Rod Dixon, Tupou
Richard Chapman,
Isimeli
John Herrmann,
Geoff Gibson.
Peter
Faireka,
Futa
He lu,
Higginson, Rex ?- torsi, Tony Hughes, Langi Huakavamoliku,
David Lewis, Vereara Maeva, Tuala Tiresa Malietoa, James Maraj,
Naomi Martin, Peter McMechan, Steve Packer, Walter Ramo,
John Roughan, Tuingariki
Short,
Siakimotu,
Savenaca
Losi
Siwatibau, Ana Taufe'ulungaki, Roniti Teiwaki, Konai Thaman,
Tiva Tongatule, Rangi Tuavera, Esau Tuza, Prern LIclagama,
Makerita Vaai, Myriam Vurornaravu, John Weeks and Sheldon
Weeks. Without holding them responsible for errors or omissions,
their assistance was greatly appreciated.