ERIC ED381081: SREB Fact Book on Higher Education, 1994/1995.

194 Pages·1995·4.4 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 381 081
HE 028 219
AUTHOR
Marks, Joseph L.
TITLE
SREB Fact Book on Higher Education, 1994/1995.
INSTITUTION
Southern Regional Education Board, Atlanta, Ga.
PUB DATE
95
NOTE
194p.; For the 1992 edition,
see ED 354 795.
AVAILABLE FROM
Southern Regional Education Board, 592 Tenth St.,
N.W., Atlanta, GA 30318-5790 ($15).
PUB TYPE
Reference Materials
General (130)
Statistical
Data (110)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC08 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
College Administration; *College Students;
Comparative Analysis; Degrees (Academic);
Demography;
*Enrollment Trends; Ethnic Groups;
Expenditures;
Higher Education; Income; Profiles;
Public Colleges;
Statistical Data; Student Characteristics;
Student
Financial Aid; Teacher Salaries; Trend
Analysis;
Tuition
IDENTIFIERS
Southern Regional Education Board; *United
States
(South)
ABSTRACT
This publication provides comparative
national and
regional data highlighting significant
trends affecting colleges and
universities in each of the 15 Southern
Regional Education Board
(SREB) states. Using data from SREB's
databases, the book contains
detailed national and state profiles
on the population, elementary
and secondary education, government
revenues and expenditures,
college enrollments, student characteristics,
degrees granted,
tuition and fees, student financial
aid, faculty and administrator
revenues and expenditures, and college and university
revenues and
expenditures. It also contains data
on employment trends, state
general fund and other "earmarked" appropriations
for education, the
educational attainment of the adult
population, and the migration of
first-time freshmen. The distribution
of revenues and expenditures
for public four-year colleges and
universities and public two-year
colleges are shown separately. Highlights
of the data note the
following: (1) states are investing
less of their public budgets in
higher education than 10
years earlier, even though nearly one
million more students are attending
college;
(2) students and
families are paying more for college;
(3) salaries of four-year
college and university faculty have
lost ground to inflation over the
past 20 years; (4) educational attainment
in SREB states, though
improved, is below the national
average; and (5) SREB states still
fall short of national average
per capita income despite significant
gains. Includes an index.
(JB)
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HIGHLIGHTS
1111 We are investing less of our public budgets in higher education than we did 10 years
agoeven though nearly one million more students are attending college. While our
public spending for colleges (adjusted for inflation) has grown 4 percent in the past decade,
this growth has not kept pace with growth in other sectors of the public budget. Our public
colleges and universities lost a potential annual investment of $4 billion as states and
localities reduced the share of tax dollars going to higher education. At the same time,
college enrollments grew by 26 percent.
111 With less public investment in higher education, our students and families are paying
moresometimes much more. The South has a reputation for being an affordable place to
earn a college degree, but tuition and fees are approaching naticnal levels. Consumer prices
have tripled since the early 1970s. By comparison, tuition and fees at public two-year
colleges have quadrupled, public university tuition has increased almost five-fold, and
private university costs are six times greater. Twenty year: ago, loans accounted for one-
fourth of student aidnow they account for half. When adjusted for inflation, federal funds
for grants are down by one-fourth, federal loans have increased four times, and aid provided
by colleges and universities has doubled. as have state grant funds.
M The salaries of ourfour-yeqr college and university faculty have lost ground to inflation
over the past 20 years. Since 1974, the average faculty salary in the South has fallen almost
2 percent when adjusted for inflation, while the median family income has risen 10 percent.
We face other challenges. For the next 30 years our region will grow faster than the nation,
as we add more than 10 million new residents each decade. There will be a dramatic aging
of the population, and minority groups will constitute an ever-growing share of the younger
population.
Our educational attainment. while higher than ever. is below national averages. The
proportion of adults with high school diplomas or GEDs is about 95 percent of the national
average and the proportion with one-to-three years of college stands at 92 percent. Black and
Hispanic adults continue to trail white adults in years of education.
111 We still fall short of the national average per capita income, despite impressive gains.
Over the past 10 years we have gained less ground on the national average than in any decade
since the 1950s. However, our employment growth in the 1990s has been impressive
almost 7 percent, compared to a 2 percent increase nationwideand our unemployment
rate remains below the national level. About 3 million more Southerners have jobs than
in 1990.
II An expanding student population is changing the landscape of higher education. We
have nearly one million more students in college than 10 years agoone-half of the national
increase. More students at both four-year and two-year colleges attend part-time. Almost
percent of college students are 25 years old or olden Women outnumber men in under-
4
graduate and graduate schools and approach 40 percent of the students enrolled in profes-
sional programs. Black college students now make up a larger share of the region's college
students than ever, and the number of Hispanic students enrolled is increasing rapidly.
SUB Fact Book 199,1/1995
SREB
FACT BOOK
ON HIGHER
EDUCATION
Joseph L. Marks
Atlanta, Georgia 30318-5790 1994/1995
Southern Regional Education Board
592 Tenth Street, N.W.
Southern Regional Education Board
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We appreciate the cooperation and assistance of the state higher education agencies in
the SREB region including their participation in the SREB-State Data Exchange, which
provides comprehensive, up-to-date information for the Fact Book. Several federal agencies,
including the Atlanta Regional Office of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the U.S. Bureau of
Economic Analysis, the Department of Health and Human Services, and various offices of
the U.S. Department of Education, including the National Center for Education Statistics and
the Office of Student Financial Assistance have provided data and assistance.
The following SREB staff assisted in the research and preparation of the SREB Fact Book
on Higher Education, 1994/1995: Jennifer D. Bi!rke, Lynn M. Cornett, Joseph D. Creech,
Gale F. Gaines, Beth Giddens, John C. Norton, Mark D. Musick, and Robert E. Stoltz.
SREB Facl Book 1994/1995
ro
FOREWORD
iii
"Higher education is America's number one asset."
So asserts the latest report of SREB's Commission for Educational Qualitychanging States:
Higher Education and the Public Good. If higher education is the greatest asset of this nation of free
men and women, what is the problem? Simply put, state and national leaders do not sufficiently
recognize t.1-- value of higher education in the uncertain world we live intheir budget decisions are
proof that higher education's priority is slipping. And, colleges and universities do not sufficiently
recognize the need to make changes that will keep higher education the number one asset.
The SREB Commission, under former Virginia Governor Gerald L. Baffles' leadership, set out to
restate the case for higher education, to make clear the connection between investment and return,
between higher education and economic growth, social progress, and a responsible citizenry. In
short, the challenge is to make the connection between higher education and the future we want,
and to persuade citizens, their elected representatives, educators, and indeed all whz) have a stake
in our region's well-being, that higher education is essential and that it is at risk.
This edition of the SREB Fact Book on Higher Education is the first opportunity since the
Commission's report to examine detailed, comparative, state-by-state information on significant
trends affecting colleges and universities. We find that the challenges faced by the region's "number
one asset" are indeed significant. Higher education must help continue the region's progress. It
must provide opportunities for more students from ever more diverse backgrounds students who
are older, who work or attend college part-time, who need a college education but may not be
sufficiently prepared. And all of this must be done as our region absorbs more than its share of the
nation's population and enrollment growth.
We find that our public investment in higher education is slipping. Over the past ten years, state
and local funding for highs, education in the SREB region has grown 4 percent (when adjusted for
inflation) while enrollment has increased 26 percent. The share of government funding for higher
education has fallen, and it's too early to tell whether the priority for colleges and universities in
state budgets will rise to where it was when there were a million fewer students.
The flip side of the coin is that personal investment in higher education has soared. Over twenty
years, while inflation tripled consumer prices, public two-year college tuition and fees quadrupled,
public university charges increased almost five times, and private university costs are six times
greater. Loans have grown from one-fourth to one-half of all student financial aid. The newest issue
about "choice" in education may be about higher education. More and more students may not have
a choice about attending college, if current trends continue.
And we find that the pay of higher education's number one asset, the faculty, when adjusted for
inflation, has fallen almost 2 percent while median family income rose 10 percent.
Our work is cut out for us. We offer this Fact Book as a stimulus to informed discussions and
decisions about the course for higher education--indeed the course ahead for us all in an uncertain
world where there are no guarantees. Higher education is still our best bet to build the future we want.
Mark D. Musick
President
SHIM Fact Book 1994/1995
SREB continuously monitors the availability of new comparative data and publishes the
SREB Fact Book Bulletin containing updated and expanded information. SREB also
operates SREB Dat-Ex la round-the-clock data center) where researchers can access
complete databases of the most up-to-date Fact Book information by computer modem.
Rook 199,0995
SRF,I1 Fact
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cl
Page
iii
Foreword
vii
List of Graphs and Tables
Introduction and SREB State Profiles
I
Selected Statistics
Population and Economy
11
35
Enrollment
63
Degrees
91
Tuition and Student Aid
105
Faculty and Administrators
Revenues and Expenditures
133
157
SREB Public Colleges and Universities by Category
167
State Higher Education Agencies
171
Index
SIZEIS Fact Book I tlit4/1(195
SREB continuously monitors the availability of new comparative data and publishes the
SREB Fact Book Bulletin containing updated and expanded information. SREB also
operates SREB Dat-Ex (a round-the-clock data center) where researchers can access
complete databases of the most up-to-date Fact Book information by computer modem.
SREIS Fact Book I 99:4/1995
AND TABLES
Bi
LIST OF GRAPHS
Page
Population and Economy
Graphs
11
Population Growth and Projections
12
of the Population
Projected Racial aid Ethnic Distribution
13
Ethnic Groups
Educational Attainment by Racial and
14
State and Local Government Spending
Tables
15
Total Population, Changes, and Projections
Table 1.
16
and Projections
Age Distribution of the Population
Table 2.
18
of the Population
Projected Racial and Ethnic Composition
Table 3.
20
Population
Educational Attainment of the Adult
Table 4.
22
Enrollment
Elementary and Secondary Public School
Table 5.
23
Public High School Graduates
Table 6.
24
Non-Agricultural Employment
Table 7.
26
Unemployment in the Civilian Labor Force
Table 8.
27
Per Capita Personal Income
Table 9.
28
General Revenues and Personal Income
Table 10. State and Local Government
29
and Local Government General Revenues
Table 11. Percent Distribution of State
30
Expenditures
and Local Government General
Table 12. Percent Distribution of State
32
"Earmarked" Appropriations
Table 13. State General Fund and
34
General Expenditures
Table 14. State and Local Government
Enrollment
Graphs
35
College-Going Rates by Age
36
First-Time Freshmen Student Migration
38
Colleges
Representation of Black Students in
Tables
39
Education
Table 15. Total Enrollment in Higher
40
by Age
Table 16. Estimated College Enrollment Rates
41
Students
Table 17. Age Distribution of College
42
Freshmen
Table 18. Migration of First-Time
43
in Public Colleges and Universitites
Table 19. Full-Time-Equivalent Enrollment
44
Institutions
Table 20. Number of Higher Education
46
and Universities
Table 21. Enrollment in Four-Year Colleges
47
Table 22. Enrollment in Two-Ytar Colleges
48
and Historically Black Colleges
Table 23. Enrollment in Predominantly
49
Level
Table 24. Enrollment at the Undergraduate
50
Level
Table 25. Enrollment at the Graduate
51
Professional Level
Table 26. Enrollment at the First
c2
Table 27. Part-Time Enrollment
54
Table 28. Ehrollment of Women
56
Table 29. Enrollment of Black Students
SRI IS taut Book 1994/199S