ERIC ED377839: The Education and Training of Librarians in the U.S.S.R. Papers from a Section on Education and Training Workshop at the IFLA Conference (57th, Moscow, August 1991).

144 Pages·1993·2.7 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 377 839
IR 055 218
AUTHOR
Johnson, Ian M., Ed.
The Education and Training of Librarians in the
TITLE
U.S.S.R. Papers from a Se'Aion on Education and
Training Workshop at the IFLA Conference (57th,
Moscow, August 1991).
INSTITUTION International Federation of. Library Associations and
Institutions, London (England).
PUB DATE
[93]
NOTE
167p.
PUB TYPE
Collected Works
General (020)
Translations
Speeches /Conference Papers (150)
(170)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC07 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Course Descriptions; Educational Strategies;
*Educational Trends; *Foreign Countries; Higher
Education; Librarians; *Library Education; Profiles;
Program Development; Program Improvement; Teaching
Methods
Exchange Visitor Program; *USSR
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
This conference was the first major professional
event since the politics of "perestroika" and "glasnost" began to
have an impact on relationships between librarians in the U.S.S.R.
and the remainder of the world community. A substantial English
language source on professional education in the U.S.S.R., this is a
collection of the normative documents on which library education is
based, and gives shape to impressions about the structure of
curricula, the contents of the syllabi, and the methods of teaching.
The papers present a view of the professional education at the end of
the Soviet era, and are valuable for colleagues studying the system's
development or who are engaged in technical cooperation projects.
These proceedings are preceded by a visit report by an American
colleague as part of an exchange of library educators between the
United States and the U.S.S.R. There are 7 texts of papers presented
at the workshop that focus on the present condition of library
education, educational trends, and strategies for the improvement of
library education; 10 abstracts or texts; 4 research papers
distributed at the workshop; and 2 papers presented at the Round
Table on Continuing Professional Education. Appendices include the
syllabi of various courses offered at and general information about
the Moscow State Institute of Culture. (MAS)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
********************************************************************
IN THE U.S.S.R
THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF LIBRARIANS
Papers from a workshop
EDUCATION
U.S DEPARTMENT OF
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INFORMATION
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the IFLA Section on Education and Training
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the Department of Library.Studies,
OEM 00500o or potrcy
Moscow State Institute of Culture,
during the 57th IFLA Conference, August 1991
edited by
Ian M. Johnson
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS
MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
I.M. Johnson
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
CONTENTS
Page
Editors' introduction
4
BACKGROUND PAPER
of the Soviet-
Pamela Spence Richards. Report on a visit to Moscow as part
7
January
American Exchange in Library and Information Science Education,
1991.
TEXTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE WORKSHOP
council on
Alexander M. Ioffe. The All-Union educational methodological
12
U.S.S.R
library training and its role in training librarians in the
in the
Svetlana P. Petrikina. The organisation of the educational process
16
Moscow state Institute of Culture
conception of
Evgeniy Ya. Zazerskty, and Lyudmila V. Trapeznikova. New
20
libraryeducation in the U.S.S.R.
major
V.S. Babich, E.P. Dovgopolaja, and V.S. Pashkova. Present situation and
23
Ukrainian
trends of improvement of training specialists for libraries in the
S.S.R.
Vasiliy E. Leontchikov, and Raissa A. Rovina. L'instruction des bibliothecaires
28
dans une republique nationale (sur l'example de la R.S.S. de Bielorussie -
S.S.R.)
Library education in a national republic (as exemplified by Bielorussia
[TEXT INFRENCH]
Zijorat Shorakhmatov. Library staff in the Tajik S.S.R. and ways of improving
33
its training
Vladimir I. Teriosi'in. Secondary library professional education in the U.S.S.R.:
37
Present situation and perspectives on development
ABSTRACTS OR TEXTS OF OTHER PAPERS DISTRIBUTED AT THE
WORKSHOP
L.S. Iljicheva. Bibliographic training of librarians in terms of continuous
43
professional training: its contents and correlation at the different stages of
training.
G.A. Ivanova. Professional Training of Students for library service of children
44
and young people: experiences, and trends in development.
A.I. Kapterev. Continuing education in library and information science: Soviet
45
and American approaches.
V.K. Klujev. Comparative retrospective analysis of the development of
46
structure and contents of professional training in Higher Library Schools in the
U.S.S.R.
N.N. Kushnarenko. Local lore study training in Higher Library Schools
47
M.A. Naumova, and 0. Ustinova. Post-diploma education at Interbranch
48
3
department of continuing library training in Leningrad State Institute of
Culture:the specific character of the work in the new economic conditions
Y.N. Stolyarov, and E.A. Nabatnikova. The problem of equivalency and
50
reciprocity of professional qualifications: possible decision in creation of an
International Library Academy
V.I. Tereshin. Improvement of the Higher Library Education in the U.S.S.R.
53
I.V. Vorontsova, and I.L. Klim. Problems of library education in the light of
54
with All-European
new economic relations in the U.S.S.R. and integration
system of specialist training
E.M. Yastrebova. Didactical fundamentals of the course "Organisation and
56
management of library work"
PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE OPEN SESSION OF THE IFLA ROUND
TABLE ON CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION DURING THE
IFLA CONFERENCE IN MOSCOW
T.F. Karatygina, and V.V. Skvortsov. Organisation and content of post-
58
institutional continuous education of instructors of Higher and Secondary
Library Educational Establishments
L.S, Martynova. The continuous education system at the Training Centre of the
62
V.I Lenin State Library
RESEARCH PAPERS DISTRIBUTED AT THE WORKSHOP
M.Ya. Dvorkina. Library environment as the factor of cultural development
68
Ju.P. Melentyeva. The role of a library in the socialisation of individuals
69
and humanisation of society.
V.V. Skvortsov. The study of social function of up-to-date library
70
I.M. Sus lova, and N.V. Zhadko. Library in the system of up-to-date
71
informational structures
APPENDIX A. HIGHER PROFESSIONAL LIBRARY EDUCATION
A.1: Syllabi of the main general courses
A.1.1 Librarianship: General Course
72
A.1.2 Studies in Bibliography (Bibliography Science): General Course
76
A.1.3 Bibliology and the history of the book
84
A.1.4 Informatics
89
A.2: Selected syllabi of specialist courses
A.2.1 Librarianship
A.2.1.1 Library Stock
94
A.2.1.2 Library catalogues
101
A.2.1.3 Administration in Librarianship
105
A.2.1.3 The History of Librarianship in the U.S.S.R and Abroad
108
4
2
A.2.2 Bibliographies
A.2.2.1 Bibliographic Work in a Library: Organisation and Methods
111
A.2.2.2 The History of Bibliography in the U.S.S.R
119
A.2.2.3 Bibliography of Fiction and the Science of Literature
122
A.2.2.4 Bibliography of Technical Literature
125
A.2.3 Library service to children and youths
A.2.3.1 Psychology of children's, adolescents' and youths' reading
128
A.2.3.2 Bibliography of scientific-cognitive literature for children and youths
130
A.2.4 Syllabi of the subjects, chosen by the students for learning (options)
A.2.4.1 Unpublished Documents
132
APPENDIX B: SECONDARY LIBRARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION - a
typical syllabus
B.1 Bibliography
134
APPENDIX C: CONTINUING LIBRARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION - a
typical syllabus
C.1 Foundations of Computer Science (for the professional training of
139
lecturers)
APPENDIX D:
Information about the Library Department of the Moscow State Institute of
141
Culture, Honoured by the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
3
tDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
Ian. M. Johnson
1989-1993)
(Chairman, IFLA Section on Education and Training,
1991, there were many memorable
During the IFLA Conference in Moscow in August
resistance of the population in the face of armed
events. The attempted coup d'etat, the
regime created an emotionally
force, and the eventual overthrow of the Communist
place, the Conference had been
charged atmosphere. However, even before it took
be the first major professional
recognised as an event of some significance, as it was to
'glasnost' began to have an impact on
event since the policies of 'perestroika' and
the remainder of the world
relationships between librarians in the U.S.S.R. and
offered to the IFLA Section on
community. One sign of these changes was the opportunity
with colleagues engaged in
Education and Training not just to organise a meeting
Studies in the country hosting the
professional education for Librarianship and Information
for it to take place at the Moscow
Conference, an annual feature of its work, but to arrange
of a military installation,
State Institute of Culture. Because of the presence nearby
had, previously, not normally been
professionals from outside the Communist countries
the first truly international meeting
permitted to visit the Institute, and the workshop was
to be held there.
failure of the attempted coup, a
The workshop took place on 22nd August, after the
of the meeting. It was
circumstance which contributed in no small way to the success
and an invited audience of 50
attended by over 50 delegates from outwith the Soviet Union,
of the Deputy Minister of
Soviet colleagues. The meeting was graced by the presence
President of IFLA, Robert
Culture of the U.S.S.R., Nina Zhukova, and the incoming
Dr. Bogdanov, and
Wedgeworth. Participants enjoyed the hospitality of the Rektor,
of Performing Arts.
entertainment provided by students of the Institute's School
professional
This volume represents the most substantial English language source on
The seven papers presented
education in the U.S.S.R. to have appeared in recent years.
Culture are included in this volume.
during the workshop at the Moscow State Institute of
handbook containing the syllabi
Each participant in the meeting was also presented with a
Culture, translated into English
of various courses offered at the Moscow State Institute of
Appendices. All were the syllabi as approved by the
or French, and these are included as
the Division of
All-Union Educational Council on library training and published by
Ministry of Culture. Only
secondary and higher schools of arts and culture at the U.S.S.R.
and translated in full for this collection ; the major
some syllabi were selected as examples,
number of hours required.
part are simply given as lists of themes and the
education is based will help in
This collection of the normative documents on which library
of the syllabi, and the
shaping impressions about the structure of curricula, the contents
Our Soviet colleagues
methods of teaching but are not intended as a pattern to follow.
of their concept of training librarians and
were not under any illusions as to the correctness
of training
the quality of the materials presented. Discussions on different aspects
and
librariaris have been carried on in their professional environment for many years,
wishes to share
became particularly active following the changes in the country. If anyone
their experiences, further contacts would be welcomed.
fluent in Russian
The proceedings are preceded by a visit report by an American colleague,
of understanding not
and able to interpret developments in the U.S.S.R. with a degree
publication are
available to many of the participants in the meeting. Also included in this
selected for
abstracts or texts of a number of papers offered for the meeting, but not
presented to the
presentation by the organising committee at the Institute; two papers
of the
Round Table on Continuing Professional Education during the main body
the
Conference; and summaries of a number of current research projects distributed at
meeting.
Little material has been widely available about education for Librarianship and
4
6
varies
Inevitably, the quality and depth of the papers
Information Studies in the U.S.S.R.
eaucation at the
they present a view of professional
considerably. Collectively, however,
system's
valuable for colleagues studying the
end of the Soviet era, and will be
cooperation projects. They will be particularly
development, or engaged in technical
with the Russian language limits their access to
valuable for those whose lack of familiarity
original documents.
and to translate
colleagues to prepare the meeting,
Considerable effort was made by Soviet
German. Some
in some instances into French or
the papers or abstracts into English or
grammatical errors, but no
undertaken to correct minor
editing of the English text has been
been affected.
meaning of the original might have
alterations have been made where the
of the meaning of
develop their own undeu.tanding
Future readers will, therefore, have to
English ersion of its text, one of
this reason, and in the absence of an
some phrases. For
:each.
translation from Russian into
the papers appears in its original
fully
the Roman equivale. A has not been
The transliteration of Cyrillic characters to
in the several
in the spelling of authors' names
standardised, and there were variations
this publication
the meeting. The versions used in
documents in which they were listed for
for am errors or confusion
accepted by the editor, who apologises
are a responsibility
which arise from them.
The abstracts are largely the authors' own.
Library
Stolyarov, Chief of the Department of
Particular thanks go to Professor Yuriy
Culture and our colleague in the Standing
Collections at the Moscow State Institute of
of
and Training, for his work as Chairman
Committee of the IFLA Section on Education
the workshop organisational committee.
5
BACKGROUND PAPER
6
S
SOVIET-AMERICAN
REPORT ON A VISIT TO MOSCOW AS PART OF THE
SCIENCE EDUCATION, JANUARY
EXCHANGE IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION
1991.
Pamela Spence Richards.
Rutgers University,
Professor, School of Communication, Information and Library Studies,
U.S.A.
Purpose of the trip
Learned Societies and the
As part of a protocol signed by the American Council of
the two countries
U.S.S.R. Council of Libraries, an exchange of library educators between
Sukiasian, visited a number
took place in 1990-1991. The Soviet library educator, Edward
Moscow in January 1991,
of library schools all over the US in the fall of 1990, and I went to
and Information
having been selected by a committee of the Association for Library
1) to assess the effect of
Science Education (ALISE). The goals I proposed to ALISE were
2) to identify emergent
'glasnost' on Soviet libratf and information science education;
leaders; and 3) to try to establish
associations of library science educators or their possible
in the two countries as
linkages between library and information science educators
channels for future technical assistance.
Methods of Assessment of Library Education
by the Ministry of
I must preface this section by describing the reception I was given
of which severely
Culture and by the conditions prevailing in Moscow during my trip, both
information science
limited my mobility, making this a report not on Soviet library and
1991, the
education but rather on that which is available in Moscow. On January 1
hard
Ministry had been informed by the Moscow Soviet that it would have to pay in
hotels; upon learning this the Ministry
currency for foreign guests staying at Moscow
dissuade me
cancelled all of its contracts with foreign visitors for three months, and tried to
sleep on a
from coming. When Ministry officials were informed that I would be willing to
-I only br Moscow
sofa for the duration, they were appeased, although my visa was is
according
(Aeroflot also demands hard currency for foreigners, so travel to other cities was,
(although I do not think this
to the Ministry, out of the question). It is, of course, possible
Ministry as a pretext for
to be the case) that financial constraints were used by the
tension:
preventing my travel to the Republics during a period of internal and international
well.
the Baltics were in a turmoil during my visit, and there was unrest in the Caucasus as
Moreover, I arrived in Moscow on the first day of the air war in the Gulf (15 January) and
Moscow was the scene of a number of Iraqi anti-American demonstrations during my stay.
given
In any case, I was housed in a series of perfectly acceptable bed and breakfasts, and
I
12 roubles a day for food (the standard meal in an Intourist hotel now costing 25 roubles,
of
lost a lot of weight). I was in Moscow for 14 days, using the International Department
the Lenin State Library as my base from which to visit other facilities.
Moscow Institute of Culture at Himki
post-secondary
With 4,000 students, Himki is among the largest of the Soviet Union's 29
institutes of culture with library faculties. Students in the library faculty have all completed
library schools
ten years of elementary and secondary schooling (like their colleagues in
elsewhere in Europe) and have passed a competitive examination in Russian literature and
language, the history of the U.S.S.R., and a foreign language. Last year, the library faculty
half the
at Himki admitted 250 students from all over the Soviet Union, or about
applicants. The student body is predominantly female.
The school at Himki is beautifully situated on the banks of the Moscow-Volga canal,
reachable from central Moscow by metro and bus in about an hour. Modern, high-rise
dormitories and attractive buildings in only moderate disrepair are placed in lovely
woodlands with extensive facilities for sports, including skiing and skating on the canal. (I
first American to visit Himki
was told - and I am not sure how accurately - that I was the
7
aviation factory had
the canal from an important
since the 1940s, since its location across
location, the
decades). Aside from its beautiful
made it off-limits for Americans for
train a variety of
by the fact that the other faculties
institute's environment is lent colour
is anything but dry and academic.
performing and other artists, so the atmosphere
the time spent
faculty is four years, with about half
The programme of study in the library
in
The school offers courses
and half on professional library courses.
on general education
principles of popular
of the book, bibliography, the
the history of librarianship, the history
they receive the
subject bibliographies. Before
education, children's literature, and various
assigned
three-year apprenticeship in an
final degree, students are expected to pass a
post-graduate
completed a university education,
library. For students who have already
other places in Moscow.
both at Himki and at various
library education is available as well,
who are already
extension basis for students
Advanced courses are also available on an
working in libraries but who
specialists who are already
working in libraries; in fact, subject
through extension
required to take library training
have not been to library school are
for the Raising of Employee
Ministry of Culture's Institute
courses organised by the
in central Moscow for convenience.
Qualifications. These are usually given
visitation of facilitic,
individual faculty members,
Observation consisted of interviews with
with practising
with students and conversations
attendance of classes, conversations
Moscow area. The
special and public libraries in the
librarians in a number of academic,
of Dr. Ludmilla
State library, under the direction
International Relations staff of the Lenin
wherever (within
appointments for me with whomever,
Kozlova, did their utmost to make
Moscow) I wished.
Findings in Library zducation
Moscow, there is
extension course I attended in
'Glasnost': At Himki, and at the graduate
United States (allowing for
comparable to that present in the
an openness of expression
conversation, Yuriy Stolyarov,
general). During an extended
greater European formality in
with me about the
cataloguing department, was candid
head of the library collections and
the faculty
accentable and were under revision;
fact that previous curricula were no longer
exploiting the
of its own re-education, he explained,
was currently in the middle
faculty
information along to students. The
opportunities of 'glasnost' and passing the new
Professor
re-education: Ruggero Giliarevskii,
meeting he conducted was an example of this
Jerusalem, and
returned from a conference in
of information science at Himki, had just
clear that the Soviets had
Israel. From faculty questions, it was
gave a forty-minute talk on
almost
and the Jewish state. There was an
been kept in total ignorance of Jewish culture
all ranks
the part of the faculty members of
childlike curiosity and willingness to learn on
Everyone
male, the lower echelons female).
(as in the United States, the hierarchy was
"How do
politics and religion (an example:
clearly felt free to ask questions about both
had been an extremely intelligent
Jews feel about Jesus?"). Fortunately, Giliarevskii
questions with accuracy and sensitivity.
observer and was able to answer most of the
classes, where
in class. Especially in the graduate
The same freeness to speak was evident
MLS
and every bit as frisky as American
the students (I saw only women) are mature
interrupt him
who disagreed with a Professor
students. It was not unusual to hear a student
here opinion. In
(Minutochku, Professor!), and then offer
with "Just one minute, Professor!
derisive of pre 'glasnost' practices and
the classes I attended, faculty members were
of the
made in the last six years. Some
emphatic about the gains in information access
pre-Gorbachev years and
18) can hardly remember the
younger students (many are only
the
faculty members (similar to that felt in
there is a sense of urgency on the part of some
be
Civil Rights Movement) that the students not
United States by teachers dealing with the
gains. The idea of organising the profession
allowed to forget how recent (and fragile) the
the faculty, who were proud of the recent
to protect the gains had some adherents among
Russian Republic. (There is, as yet, no
formation of an association of librarians in the
association of library educators).
education in the Soviet Union. Library
Textbooks: There is a textbook crisis in library
and now politically unacceptable
schools are saddled with a multitude of outdated
8