ERIC ED375073: Geography for Life: National Geography Standards, 1994.

275 Pages·1994·9.6 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
SO 024 578
ED 375 073
Bednarz, Sarah Witham; And Others
AUTHOR
Geography for Life: National Geography Standards,
TITLE
1994.
Department of Education, Washington, DC.; National
INSTITUTION
Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington,
D.C.; National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
ISBN-0-7922-2775-1
REPORT NO
94
PUB DATE
278p.
NOTE
National Geographic Society, P.O. Box 1640,
AVAILABLE FROM
Washington, DC 20013-1640 (For fewer than 10 copies:
$9 US, $16 Canadian, all other countries $20 US. For
10 or more copies: $8 US, $15 Canadian, all other
countries $19 US. Postage and handling included).
Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090)
PUB TYPE
Non-Classroom Use (055)
Guides
MFO1 /PC12 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
Elementary Secondary Education; *Geographic CoAcepts;
DESCRIPTORS
*Geography; *Geography Instruction; *Map Skills;
Social Studies
*Geographic Literacy; *National Geography
IDENTIFIERS
Standards
ABSTRACT
These geography standards are subtitled "What Every
Young American Should Know ane Be Able To Do In Geography", and
constitute a set of voluntary penchmarks chat every school and school
curricula.
district may use as guidelines for developing their own
essential
The standards for grades K-4, 5-8, and 9-12 specify the
subject matter, skills, and perspectives that all students should
have in order to attain high levels of competency. The standards
and
provide every parent, teacher, curriculum developer, and business
policy leader with a set of challenging expectations for all
bring all
students. The purpose of standards for geography is to
demands
student up to internationally competitive levels to meet the
maintain
of a new age and a different world. For the United States to
leadership and prosper in the 21st century, the education system must
citizenship in
be tailored to the needs of productive and responsible
(1) "The
the global economy. The guide is divided into 8 chapters:
(2) "The Components of Geography
Geographic View of Our World";
(4) "The
(3) "Geographic Skills and Perspectives";
Education";
(5) "National Geography Standards:
Subject Matter of Geography";
(6) "National Geography Standards: Grades 5-8";
(7)
Grades K-4";
"National Geography Standards: Grades 9-12"; and (8) "Student
Achievement in Geography." A conclusion discusses thinking
geographically and the role of parents in geography education. Five
appendices and a glossary complete the document. (DK)
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A
U S. DEPARTMENT OI EDUCATION
Office ot Educe natal Research and Improvmont
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
document has bowl rproducsd as
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OERI position or policy
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY
STANDARDS '1994
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BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Geography is the science of space and place
subject matter is the
on Earth's surface. Its
physical and human phenomena that make
environments and places.
up the world's
Geographers describe the changing patterns
of places in words, maps, and geo-graphics,
explain how these patterns come to be, and
unravel their meaning. Geography's continu-
ing quest is to understand the physical and
cultural features of places and their natural
settings on the surface of Earth.
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at Every Young
American Should Know and Be
Able to Do in Geography
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N TIONAL
GEOGRAPHY
STA D RDS
1994
GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION
STANDARDS PROJECT
Developed on behalf of the
American Geographical Society
Association of American Geographers
National Councl; for Geographic Education
4
National Geograplac Society
1994
5
EARTI I SA1 T I I TIT CORPORATION
THE GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION
STANDARDS PROJECT
By the year 2000, all students
ANTHONY R. DE SOUZA, Executive Director
will leave grades 4, 8, and 12
National Geographic Society
having demonstrated competency
Rum I. SHIREY, Project Administrator
National Council for Geographic Education
over challenging subject matter
NORMAN C. BETTIS, Project Co-chair
Illinois State University
including.
geography, and every
.
.
CHRISTOPHER L. SALTER, Project Co-chair
school in America will ensure
University of Missouri
that all students learn to use
ROGER M. DowNS, Writing Coordinator
The Pennsylvania State University
their minds well, so they may be
AUTHORS
prepared for responsible citizenship,
SARAH WITHAM BEDNARZ
further learning, and productive
Texas A&M University
NORMAN C. BEI fIS
employment in our Nation's
Illinois State University
modern economy.
RICHARD G. BOEHM
Southwest Texas State University
Goals 2000:
Educate America Act,
ANTHONY R. DE SOUZA
Section 102
National Geographic Society
ROGER M. DOWNS
The Pennsylvania State University
This publication has been prepared by the
JAMES F. MARRAN
Geography Education Standards Project with
New Trier High School
grants from the U.S. Department of Education, the
National Endowment for the Humanities, and the
ROBERT W. MORRILL
National Geographic Society.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
CHRISTOPHER L. SALTER
The grants have been administered by the National
University of Missouri
Council for Geographic Education.
Grantees undertaking such projects are encouraged
COMMITTEE CHAIRS
to express freely their professional judgment. This
SAUL B. COHEN, Advisers
publicatio.-., therefore, does not necessarily repre-
Hunter CollegeCLINY
sent positions or policies of the federal government
and no official endorsement should
inferred.
SUSAN W. HARDWICK, Content Development
California State UniversityChico
All rights reserved.
A. DAVID HILL, International
Printed in the United States of America
University of ColoradoBoulder
ISBN #0- 7922 - 2775 -1
LYDIA LEWIS, Writing
National Geographic Society
Copyright © 1994
NATIONAL GFOGRAPIIIC RESEARCI I & EXPLORATION
MICHAEL J. LIBBEE, Environmental Education
1145 17th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-4688
Central Michigan University
On behalf of the
RAMSAY SELDEN, Oversight
AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCHI.),
Council of Chief State School Officers
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEC/GRAM IFRS
THOMAS J. WILBANKS, Content Advisory
NATIONAL COUNCII FOR GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
1529 world map "Carta Planisferio."
(cover) Diego Ribero's
81111.10TECA AVOSTOI (A VATICANA
4
(right) Riverton, Wyoming.
DAVID P. JOHNSON
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE 9
CHAPTER 1
The Geographic View of Our World
CHAPTER 2
The Components of Geography Education 30
CHAPTER 3
Geographic Skills and Perspectives 41
CHAPTER 4
The Subject Matter of Geography 61
CHAPTER 5
National Geography Standards: Grades K-4 105
CHAPTER 6
National Geography Standards: Grades 5-8 143
CHAPTER 7
National Geography Standards: Grades 9-12 183
CHAPTER 8
Student Achievement in Geography 223
CONCLUSION
Thinking Geographically 237
...
and the Role of Parents in Geography Education
APPENDICES
A: Genesis of the Natiol tal Geography Standards 243
B: Consensus Process 245
Committees and the Consensus Model 246
Members of the Geography Education Standards Project 247
Witnesses at Public Hearings 249 Reviewers of Drafts 251
C: Setting of the National Geography Standards 253
D: Time in the Classroom 254
E: Role of Geographic Information Systems 256
GLOSSARY
259
INDEX
270
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