ERIC ED374280: A Guide for Infusing Entrepreneurship Awareness into Vocational Education.

155 Pages·1991·2.9 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCJMENT RESUME
ED 374 280
CE 067 216
TITLE
A Guide for Infusing Entrepreneurship Awareness into
Vocational Education.
INSTITUTION
Eastern Michigan Univ., Ypsilanti.
SPONS AGENCY
Michigan State Board of Education, Lansing.
PUB DATE
91
NOTE
155p.
AVAILABLE FROM
Michigan Vocational Education Resource Center, 133E
Erickson Hall, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI 48824-1034.
PUB TYPE
Teaching Guides (For
Classroom Use
Guides
Teacher)
(052)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC07 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
*Career Education; Careers; Course Content;
*Educational Resources; *Education Work Relationship;
*Entrepreneurship; Integrated Curriculum; Learning
Activities; *Models; *Occupational Information;
Postsecondary Education; Risk; Secondary Education;
Self Employment; Small Businesses; State Curriculum
Guides; Vocational Education
ABSTRACT
This curriculum guide for infusing entrepreneurship
education into the vocational education curriculum is organized in
seven sections. The first two sections point out the need for
awareness of entrepreneurship in vocational education and suggest
some approaches to infusing entrepreneurship awareness. The third
section of the guide, which makes up most of its content, describes
eight models for infusing entrepreneurship awareness. Lesson
plans--containing an objective, materials list, teacher behaviors,
and student activities--are included for the models. The models are
on the following topics: future entrepreneurs conference,
entrepreneurship awareness on a tight schedule, brainstorming a
business, orientation to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship
opportunity awareness, overview of entrepreneurship, open for
business, and risks and rewards. Content ne'es, basic information
needed for the models, is provided in the fourth section of the
guide, followed by a section listing additional ideas for infusing
entrepreneurship awareness. A listing of commercial materials for
infusing entrepreneurship is followed by an annotated bibliography
containing 25 references.
(KC)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
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ED / ATIONAL RESOURCES
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MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
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ongutaling it
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Minor changes have been made
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Points of view or opinions stated in
represent
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INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
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2
MICHIGAN STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
Rochester
Dorothy Beardmore, President
Lansing
. East
Dr. Gumecindo Sales, Vice President
Grosse Ile
Barbara DuMouchelle, Secretary
Detroit
Marilyn F. Lundy, Treasurer
Grand Rapids
Cherry H. Jacobus, NASBE Delegate
Grand Rapids
Dick DeVos
Lansing
Barbara Roberts Mason
Huntington Woods
Annetta Miller
Ex-Officio Members
John M. Engler, Governor
Dr. Gary L. Hawks
Acting Superintendent of Public Instruction
developed
The materials presented or reported herein were
University, Department of
pursuant to grants to Eastern Michigan
Michigan State Board
Business and Industrial Education, from the
Service Area using
of Education, Vocational-Technical Education
Vocational
funds made available through the Carl D. Perkins
The opinions expressed
Education Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-524).
positions of
herein do not necessarily reflect the policies and
the Michigan State Board of Education or the Michigan Department
inferred.
of Education and no official endorsement should be
Distributed and Sold By:
Michigan Vocational Education Resource Center
133E Erickson Hall
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1034
[phone]
Phone:
1-800-292-1606
Toll Free:
Printed in 1991
3
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
1
Introduction
3
The R.le of Awareness in Entrepreneurship
Education
4
Selecting an Approach to Infusing
Entrepreneurship Awareness
7
Models for Infusing
Entrepreneurship Awareness
11
Future Entrepreneurs' Conference
13
Entrepreneurship Awareness
on a Tight Schedule
17
.
.
.
Brainstorming a Business
32
Orientation to Entrepreneurship
44
Entrepreneurship Opportunity
Awareness
59
Overview of Entrepreneurship
68
Open for Business
86
Risks and-Rewards
95
Content Notes
116
1
Additional Ideas for Infusing
Entrepreneurship Awareness
120
Commercial Materials for
Infusing
Entrepreneurship Awareness
125
Selected Bibliography
137
Acknowledgements
A Guide for Infusing Entrepreneurship Awareness Into Vocational
Education was developed through a Michigan State Board of
Education Program Improvement Grant funded under the provisions of
Carl D.-Perkins Vocational Education Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-524).
Mr. Tom Benton, the Vocational Education Consultant for Marketing
Education, Michigan Department of Education, Vocational-Technical
Education Service, served as project monitor for the grant.
Dr. Earl Meyer, Eastern Michigan University, Department of
Business and Industrial Education, served as project director.
Special recognition is given to the following individuals who were
instrumental in providing ideas, materials, and support for the
development of this entrepreneurship awareness infusion guide.
Mr. Tom Benton Dr. Earl C. Meyer
Vocational Education Consultant
Associate Professor
Marketing Education
Business and Industrial Education
Michigan Department of Education
Eastern Michigan University
Lansing, Michigan
Ypsilanti, Michigan
Mrs. Nancy Copeland
Ms. Pat Smith
Adjunct Instructor
Instructor
Business and Industrial Education
Health Occupations
Eastern Michigan University
Hastings High School
Ypsilanti, Michigan
Hastings, Michigan
Mr. Jack Gregory
Ms. Nancy Higgins
Instructor
Instructor
Marketing Education
Agriculture Education
Gull Lake High School
Wayne County RESA
Richland, Michigan
Wayne, Michigan
Ms. Janet Ham
Ms. Susan Nocella
Instructor
Instructor
Business Services and Technology
Home Economics
Ottawa Hills High School
Monroe High School
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Monroe, Michigan
Mr. Jim Horton
Dr. Arefanine Yohannes
Instructor
Associate Professor
Trade and Industrial Education
School of Management
William D. Ford Vocational
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Technical Center
Dearborn, Michigan
Westland, Michigan
who made
Recognition and thanks are also due to those individuals
These
people.
significant contributions as reviewers and resource
contributors were:
Services and Technology,
Mrs. Barbara Allender, Instructor, Business
Capital Area Career Center, Mason, Michigan.
Pioneer High
Mr. John Baublit, Instructor, Marketing Education,
School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Livonia Career
Mrs. Melinda Bush, Instructor, Tourism and Lodging,
Center, Livonia, Michigan.
Livonia Career
Mrs. Cindy Fairless, Instructor, Fashion Merchandising,
Center, Livonia, Michigan.
Hartland High
Mrs. Jackie Scheller, Instructor, Marketing Education,
School, Hartland, Michigan.
Technology,
Mrs. Patti Shafer, Instructor, Business Services and
Vandercook Lake High School, Jackson, Michigan.
developed
Some sections of the guide draw on previously published or
We are indebted to those individuals and organizations who
materials.
They are:
gave permission to use their materials.
Director, Center on
Dr. M. Catherine Ashmore, Entrepreneurship Program
Education and Training for Employment, Columbus, Ohio, and Dr. E.
Edward Harris, Executive Director, Illinois Institute of
Entrepreneurship Education, DeKalb,
Thanks also to the vocational educators throughout Michigan who
responded to the survey regarding their needs in an entrepreneurship
currently
awareness infusion guide, to those vocational educators
involved in infusion activities who provided input and ideas, and to
those vocational directors who assisted in the dissemination of both
Those responses, inputs, and ideas provided
survey instruments.
direction and form to this infusion guide.
Administrative assistance in developing the guide was provided by
Deborah Rubick and Maria Weisenberger, Assistant Project Directors.
Clerical assistance in producing A Guide for Infusing Entrepreneurship
Awareness Into Vocational Education was provided by Yvonne Abela,
Department of Business and Industrial Education, Eastern Michigan
University.
2
Introduction
Tha National Entrepreneurship Education
Consortium was formed in
1984 by the National Center for Research in
Vocational Education
and 19 states.
Michigan joined the consortium in 1990, in
response to the need to infuse entrepreneurship education
across
all areas of vocational education.
The Michigan Department of Education,
recognizing the need to be
aware of the many diverse programs and methods
to educate
potential and existing entrepreneurs,
requested that Eastern
Michigah University contact other
states, survey vocational
instructors in Michigan, and organize
a cadre of vocational
instructors to implement
an infusion guide.
This project is undertaken in the belief
that entrepreneurship has
been the key to the success of the American
private enterprise
system and that entrepreneurship education is
a necessary part of
the long term economic development in
Michigan.
It is vital that
students in vocational education
programs understand the risks and
rewards of entrepreneurship.
Such an understanding will not only
open entrepreneurship as a career possibility,
but will result in
more productive employees and better decision
makers.
We also believe that 'the overall
economy will benefit if more
students recognize entrepreneurship
as a career option.
When
students understand the complexities
of starting and running
a
small business and are familiar
with the resources that
can be
tapped for assistance,
a greater number of solid small business
start-ups will result.
This will also lead to the
successful
development and introduction of
new products and services, and
possible job creation.
Entrepreneurship education
can be included in the curriculum for
students of all ages, but is especially
important for vocational
students to learn firsthand the
importance of entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurial awareness should be
included in the foundations of
all vocational
programs.
This infusion guide will
pay dividends
because vocational teachers
can take the ideas and methods
outlined immediately into the
classroom.
This guide will ease the problem
of infusing more and
more
curriculum into less and less
instructional time.
As great as the
demands on time are, we cannot afford
to forget entrepreneurial
education for our vocational
students.
Students rust be aware of
the risks and rewards of
entrepreneurship, and the potential
rewards of dedicated efforts,
as they make career decisions and
prepare themselves.
PO.
3
THE ROLE OF AWARENESS IN
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
The Lifelong Learning Model for Entrepreneurship Education and the
Plan for Delivering Entrepreneurship Education, described in this
section, will assist users of the guide in identifying the place
of awareness in the overall scheme of entrepreneurship education.
By having an accurate perception of the role and goals of
entrepreneurship awareness, vocational educators will be better
equipped to make decisions regarding its infusion into their
programs.
In the Lifelong Learning Model for Entrepreneurship Education
(below), stages of development from basic free enterprise (or
economic) understanding through the start-up and growth of a
business are depicted along with outcomes of entrepreneurship
This model, developed under the auspices
education at each stage.
of the National Entrepreneurship Education Consortium, is based on
the concept that entrepreneurship education cannot be learned in
one course or at one level of education, rather, it is a
developmental process starting in kindergarten and continuing
through college and beyond.
The purpose of the model's awareness stage* is to develop a
realization of what entrepreneurship is, a sense of what is
involved in becoming an entrepreneur, and a knowledge of
entrepreneurial opportunities.
Excitement about the idea of going
into business for onseif also grows out of this stage.
4
srive business problems
expand existing business
effectively
become self-employed
develop policies and
procedures for a new or
existing business
JOB EXPERIENCE
JOB TRAINING & EDUCATION
learn entrepreneurship
competencies
apply specific
occupational training
learn how to create
1
new businesses
discover entrepreneurship
competencies
understand problems
of employers
gain prefeouisite basic
skills
identify career options
understand free
ertterpnee
LIFELONG LEARNING MODEL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
5
(ti
As a continuation of the concept of lifelong
learning for
entrepreneurship education, the Plan for
Delivering
Entrepreneurship Education identifies appropriate
delivery levels
and formats for each stage.
The plan is outlined below:
Stage
Level
Format
Basics
anywhere from
integrates concepts
kindergarten on up
Awareness
secondary students
units and activities
learning career skills
infused into vocational
and other programs
Application
advanced high school;
stand-alone courses,
2/4 year colleges;
or
semester or year long
adult education
Start-up
post-secondary and
seminars; small
adult
business assistance
programs
Growth
post-secondary and
seminars; small
adult
business assistance
programs
Models and other materials in this
guide are compil.A specifically
to assist vocational educators in
the implementation of
instruction for entrepreneurship
at the awareness level.
This
level of familiarization does
not prepare students to
create a
business venture.
However, combined with their
vocational
training, it does play
a vital role in the development of their
entrepreneurial potential and their
ability to recognize
entrepreneurship as a career option.
The Lifelong Learning Model for Entrepreneurship
Education is
reprinted with permission from the
National Entrepreneurship
Education Consortium at the Center
on Education and Training for
Employment, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio.
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