ERIC ED367804: 1979 Vocational Education Graduates in 1988. A Longitudinal Study Based on Federal Income Tax Data [and] Executive Summary.

110 Pages·1993·2.1 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
CE 065 827
ED 367 804
Ghazalah, I. A.
AUTHOR
1979 Vocational Education Graduates in 1988. A
TITLE
Longitudinal Study Based on Federal Income Tax Data
[and] Executive Summary.
Ohio Univ., Athens.
INSTITUTION
Ohio State Dept. of Education, Columbus. Div. of
SPONS AGENCY
Vocational and Career Education.
PUB DATE
93
159p.; For related reports, see CE 065 828-829.
NOTE
Statistical
Research/Technical (143)
PUB TYPE
Reports
Data (110)
MF01/PC07 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
*Associate Degrees; Comparative Analysis; Educational
DESCRIPTORS
Status Comparison; Employment Patterns; *High School
Graduates; High Schools; *Income; Job Training;
*Outcomes of Education; Postsecondary Education;
Salary Wage Differentials; State Aid; State Surveys;
Tables (Data); Taxes; *Vocational Education;
Vocational Followup
*Ohio
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
The sixth annual study of the economic performance of
15,055 graduats in 1979 of 14 vocational programs in Ohio used
federal income tax records. Twelve of the programs with 13,109
graduates were secondary vocational programs. A total of 1,946
students graduated from 2 associate programs. The income of
compLeters of vocational programs was compared to income of
equivalent groups in the general population. The study also
inve-tigated the geographic mobility of vocational graduates since
19/,. Results indicated predominantly higher incomes of vocational
graduates than others in the general population. The result varied by
vocational program, but the ratios were higher than 1 for the 1979
graduates in all programs for all years of the study (1983-1988). In
all 12 secondary programs, the ratios were higher in 1988 than in
1983. For the 1979 graduates of the two associate programs, the
ratios in 1988 were higher than the 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984, and 1983
ratios. Findings showed a continuing margin between incomes of
vocational graduates and the equivalent group in the general
population. (An executive summary and 64 tables and diagrams are
included.)
(YLB)
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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
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The economic performance of graduates of vocational programs
of students who completed
evaluation of vocational education. This study evaluates the performance
state-funded vocational job-training programs in Ohio.
federal income tax records. The data
The study uses an original source of information
Internal Revenue Service from its Information Returns Master
were provided in batch form by the
disclosure of personal information_
File in full compliance with the strict requirements regarding
graduates in 1979 of fourteen
This study examines the performance over time of 15,055
the secondary level, and
vocational programs. Twelve of the programs with 13,109 graduates were at
(second-year college) level. This is the sixth year of this
two with 1,946 graduates at the associate
in 1988 was analyzed and compared
longitudinal study where the performance of the 1979 graduates
1983.
to that measured in 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984 and
those in the general population at
The incomes of vocational graduates were compared to
location. Data on the equivalent groups in
the same age, educational achievement and geographical
Current Population Survey, Technical
the general population were based on Bureau of the Census,
Data Access and Use Staff for the
Documentation Tape prepared by Data User Services Division,
Population and Per Capita Income Estimates for
Bureau of Labor Statistics, and East North Central
Counties and Incorporated Places.
show the ratio of the average income of
The following table and the corresponding gtaphs
for the 1979 graduatcs during
vocational graduates to the average income of the equivalent group
1988, 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984 and 1983.
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Graduates
Ratios of Mean Incne of 1979 Vocational
General Population
to Mean Income of Equivalent Group in the
(1983-1988)
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Secondary Prognuns
1.25
1.19
1.38
1.24
1.28
1.16
Agricultural Production
and Horticulture
1.38
1.27
1.45
1.35
1.34
1.16
Marketing
1.65
1.55
1.66
1.63
1.60
1.49
Health Occupations Education
1.79
1.45
1.62
1.48
1.42
1.15
Home Ec9nomics Education
1.51
1.47
1.67
1.57
1.53
1.45
Accounting, Computing and
Business Data Processing
1.88
1.77
1.90
1.87
1.82
1.67
General Office Clerical,
Stenographic, Secretarial
and Related Occupations
1.25
1.22
1.35
1.33
1.35
1.21
Auto Mechanics
1.31
1.24
1.38
1.39
1.34
1.18
Carpentry
1.38
1.31
1.48
1.47
1.42
1.30
Electronics
1.50
1.45
1.55
1.53
1.56
1.33
Machine Shop
1.37
1.33
1.50
1.49
1.50
1.35
Cosmetology
1.09
1.08
1.20
1.16
1.27
1.07
Occupational Work Experience
Associate Programs
1.80
1.73
1.73
1.64
1.53
1.68
Health Occupations Ed.
1.37
1.33
1.23
1.15
1.12
1.16
Technical Education
Graduate Income
Ratios of Mean Secondary Vocational
to Mean General Income
1983-1988
1986, 1987, and 1988.
show ratios for 1 9 83, 1984, 1986,
Bars for each Vocational Program
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BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Ratios of Mean Associate Vocational Graduate Income
to Mean General Income
1983-1988
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
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1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
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Technical Education
Health OccupatiOns
1987, and 1988.
Bars for each Vocational Program show ratios for 1983, 1984, 1935, 1986,
incomes of vocational graduates than others in the
The results of the study indicate predominantly higher
of schooling. The result varies by vocational
gener31 population who are of the same age and years
of the study
than 1 for the 1979 graduates in all programs for ail years
program, but the ratios are higher
1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988.
higher in 1988 than in 1983. For the 1979
In all of the twelve secondary programs. the ratios were
1988 were higher than the 1987, 1986, 1985,
graduates of the two associate programs studied, the ratios in
1984, and 1983 ratios.
has shown a continuing margin between incomes
The study of six successive years of the 1979 graduates
the general population. As this longitudinal study
of vocational graduates and the equivalent group in
of conventional assumptions about the
follows up the same group in successive years, a reconsideration
duration of vocational education benefits may be in order.
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1979
Vocational Education
Graduates
in 1988
A Longitudinal Study Based on
fedenzt Income TaK,Data
ty
Gazakk
Professor cf Economics
Ohio University
Ohio University
Athens, Ohio 45701
1993
The research project reported herein was performed pursuant to agreement with the Ohio
Department of Education's Division of Vocational and Career Education. Contractors undertaking
such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional
judgment in the conduct of the project. This research does not necessarily represent official positions
of the Ohio Department of Education.
Ted Sanders
Superintendent of Public Instruction
State of Ohio
It is the policy of the Ohio Department of Education, Division of Vocational and Career Education, that
educational activities, employment, programs, and services are offered without regard to race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, handicap, or age.
i
8
PREFACE
economic
The purpose of this study is to evaluate vocational education by examining the
performance of vocational graduates. In its measurement of this performance, the study uses an
federal income tax records. The Internal Revenue Service provided
original source of information
personal
the data in batch form in full compliance with the strict requirements for protection of
information.
I am deeply indebted to many individuals and organizations for their assistance and
cooperation in the design and implementation of this study. At the Internal Revenue Service, Dr.
Fritz Scheuren, Directw, Statistics of Income Division lent his gracious support and encouragement
coordination and advice.
to the research effort. Mr. Peter Sailer provided encouragement, valuable
genuine
Ms. Dodie Riley was a source of insightful advice, unfailing support, effectiveness and
interest in the project. Ms. Cathy Katz and Mr. Ray Salen organized and processed the data with
ability and dedication.
Dr. Darrell L Parks, Director, Vo.:ational and Career Education, Ohio Department of
Education gave his persistent and keen support to the research project. Dr. G. James Pinchak,
Associate Director, was a valuable source of encouragement, judicious coordination and advice at
different stages of the research. My sincere thanks to Mr. Larry J. Daniels, Mr. Mark J. Schaff, and
Mr. Robert D. Sommers for their encouragement and advice.
Mr. David Sarchet served very ably in computer programming and data processing. Mr.
Matloob Piracha performed important data processing and research assistance. Ms. Elisha Nuzum
and Ms. Catherine Kupec provided capable and dedicated research assistance. Ms. Jayashree
Swaminathan performed effective graphics work. Mr. Rob Painter provided valuable assistance
including graphic map design. Mr.Siyan Li designed and produced graphics with skill and dedication.
Special thanks go to Dr. You-Qiang Wang for his valuable assistance and advice. Mrs. Becky Huff
did
and Mrs. Helen Sue Smith performed the task of processing, typing, and related graphics. They
so with high ability, patience and dedication.
I. A. Ghazalah
Athens, Ohio
9 ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LE I i ER OF TRANSMI1TAL
PREFACE
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS
iv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
..
CHAPTER II THE 1979 SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION GRADUATES
7
Income of 1979 Secondary Vocational Graduates:
A.
1988 Income Tabulations
13
Income of the 1979 Secondary Vocational Education Graduates:
B.
Comparison with Equivalent Groups
28
Regional Mobility of 1979 Secondary Vocational
C.
Education Graduates
54
..
CHAPTER III THE 1979 ASSOCIATE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION GRADUATES
61
Income of 1979 Associate Vocational Graduates:
A.
1988 Income Tabulations
67
Income of 1979 Associate Vocational Graduatcs:
B.
Comparison with Equivalent Group
72
Regional Mobility of 1979 Associate Vocational
C.
Education Graduates
86
CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
91