ERIC ED364941: Rankings of the States, 1993.

80 Pages·1993·1.8 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
EA 025 468
ED 364 941
Rankings of the States, 1993.
TITLE
National Education Association, Washington, D.C.
INSTITUTION
Research Div.
PUB DATE
93
124p.; For rankings from 1970-92, see EA 025 467.
NOTE
AVAILABLE FROM NEA Professional Library, P.O. Box 509, West Haven CT
06516.
Descriptive (141)
PUB TYPE
Reports
Statistical Data (110)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.
*Educational Finance; Elementary Secondary Education;
DESCRIPTORS
Enrollment; Expenditures; Faculty; *Income;
Population Trends; *Public Schools; *State Action;
State Departments of Education; *State Government;
Teacher Salaries
ABSTRACT
This publication contains rank-ordered educational
statistics for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The first
part provides information about states' populations, which can serve
as indicators of the relative demand for public education services.
The second part features data on student participation in public
elementary and secondary schools, which indicate change in relative
demand for public school services and staff. Information on changes
in the number of staff employed in education institutions and their
level of compensation is presented in the third part. The fourth part
offers data on general financial resources, with a focus on the
percent change in per capita income. Statistics on state- and
local-governmental revenue are provided in the fifth part, with a
focus on revenue generated through taxation. The final part compares
states according to their sources of public school revenue. The
reader is urged to supplement these data with specific information
about state and local activities and services related to public
education. A total of 107 tables and 8 figures are included. Also
included are notes on State Departments of Education, a glossary, an
index of tables, and a framework for developing a school funding
profile. (LMI)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
***********************************************************************
Rankings
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1993
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
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CENTER (ERIC)
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ASSOCIATION
2
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
A limited supply of complimentary copies of this publication
from NEA Research
available
state
and
local
for
is
associations and UniSery staff. Additional copies may be
purchased from the NEA Professional Library, P.O. Box
509, West Haven, CT 06516. Telephone [phone] for
price information.
Reproduction: No part of this report may be reproduced in any
form without written permission from NEA Research, except
by NEA-affiliated associations. Any reproduction of the report
materials must include the usual credit line and the copyright
notice. Address communications to Editor, NEA Research.
Copyright C 1993 by the
National Education Association
All Rights Reserved
3
Contents
2
Foreword
Technical Notes
3
4
Series A. Population
Figure A. Percent of Population: Selected Age Groups
Tables A-1 to A-12
Enrollment, Attendance, and Membership
Series B.
10
Figure B. Percent Change: Fall Enrollment
Tables B-1 to B-9
Faculty
Series C.
15
Figure C. Percent Change: Teacher Salaries
Tables C-1 to C-23
Series D. General Financial Resources
26
Figure D. Percent Change: Per Capita Personal Income
Tables D-1 to D-16
Governmental Revenue
Series E.
35
Figure E. State and Local Taxes per $1,000 of Personal Income
Tables E-1 to E-16
School Revenue
Series F.
43
Figure F. School Revenue by Source
Tables F-1 to F-13
Series G. Government Expenditures
50
Figure G. Per Capita State and Local Government Expenditures
Tables G-1 to G-11
Series H. School Expenditures
56
Figure H. Per Capita State and Local Education Expenditures
Tables H- i to H-17
State Department of Education Notes
64
Bibliography
66
Glossary
67
Index
70
4
2
Foreword
Interest in education improvement and renewal continues to capture the attention of
researchers, policymakers, and the public. While much has been done to enhance public
education programs and services, much work and many challenges remain. In this
setting, NEA Research offers Rankings of the States, 1993 to its state and local affiliates
as a tool for use throughout this period of public school reform.
Rankings of the States provides state-level data on an array of topics relevant to the
complex enterprise of public education. State-by-state figures on government and school
financing, state demographics, and public school personnel permit a statistical assessment
of the scope of public education and an identification of emerging trends in key areas.
The Ranking- report enjoys a long history of use by affiliates of the NEA as well as by
planners and policymakers in other organizations. It has, since the 1960s, presented facts
and figures useful in determining ways in which states vary from one another or from
national averages on selected statistics and in explaining how the reported data reflect
social and economic characteristics and changes. Of course, no one table or set of tables
can tell the entire story of a states education offerings. One must consider a state's tax
system, its provision of other public services, the characteristics of its population, and
more. It is therefore unwise to draw conclusions solely from the tables in this report, and
the reader is urged to supplement these rank-ordered data with specific information about
state and local activities and services related to public education.
State department of education staff who contributed to this report deserve much credit for
the current public school data it presents, as do the state education associations across the
country.
NEA Research
September 1993
3
Technical Notes
Rankings of the States, 1993 contains rank-ordered statistics for the fifty states and the
District of Columbia. All state data are ranked beginning with the largest figure. When
the values of two or more states are the same, they are assigned the same rank, with the
appropriate number resumed with the next state in rank. In this case, they appear in rank
order before rounding.
The education data in Rankings are the most recent actual or estimated data available
from state departments of education. Where no data are available from a state education
department, NEA Research has provided an estimate, which is identified by an asterisk in
Series B, C, F, and H tables.
The State Department of Education Notes (page 64) contain additional information
provided by state education departments to help explain data reported for their states.
Rankings of the States, 1993 features revised figures for some public school data
previously published in Estimates of School Statistics, 1992-93, another report of NEA
Research, published in April 1993. State education agencies were invited to review their
fall 1992 estimates and revise them for inclusion in this report. For this reason, data in
Series B, C, F, and H may differ from those in Estimates of School Statistics.
The availability of data from federal government and other sources dictates the presence
or absence of certain tables in this report. Statistics for full-time employment in higher
education in 1991 presented in Series C are computed by the Bureau of the Census with a
formula using hours worked by part-time employees.
Please note that tables featuring Average Daily Membership (ADM) do not contain
values for the United States as a whole since six states do not compute or provide
estimates for their statewide ADM. Consequently, averages art not computed in those
casesthis fact is reflected by an "NA" notation. Tables involving ADM data are B-5, B-
6, and C-8.
Because of the shortcomings of ADM as a state and nationwide count, ADM has been
replaced by fall enrollment (ENR) in the computation of the expenditure per pupil
featured in Series H. Moreover, the per pupil count in ENR, rather than in ADA, has
become the recommended indicator for measuring public school expenditures and
revenues as well as personal income per pupil in this report. However, for the readers'
convenience, tables with variables in ADA have been maintained and new tables have
been added for the ENR count in Series D, F, and H.
Figures A through H illustrate historical trends in selected Rankings data, and a
detachable centerfold is
provided to help state affiliates and general users develop a
school funding profile. Comparisons with neighboring states can be developed for any
Rankings tables by using the last page of the detachable section.
Tables D-15 and D-16 feature data reprinted by permission of Sales & Marketing
Management, copyright: S&MM Survey of Buying Power, August 24, 1992.
4
Series APopulation
Tables in Series A provide information about the population oc states and can serve as
indicators of the relative demand for public education services or other public programs.
The level and change in total state population are featured in Tables A-1 through A-4.
These tables help to identify patterns of growth or decline for each state and the resulting
implications for staffing and financing public education institutions. Population density
has been computed for Table A-12, while the number of births by state is the focus of A-
10 and A-11.
School-age population data in Tables A-5 and A-6 focus directly on the consumers of
public elementary and secondary education. Combining these figures with public school
enrollment tables in Series B can indicate demand for and participation in public school
services.
Tables A-7 through A-9 define the adult population within states. Changes in the size of
adult and elderly age groups affect demand for public school programs and the degree to
which funding for education faces competition from other public sector programs. These
tables also can indicate the propensity of citizens within a state to support public
education.
Figure A displays historical trends for two key groups--the school-age and retirement-age
populations. The former indicates a potential demand for education and the latter a
potential demand for health care services. Since 1981 the school-age group has declined
relative to the age-65-and-over group from 8.9 percent greater to only 5.6 percent greater.
With both services being heavily dependent upon public financing, competition for
available tax dollars may increase (Tables A-6, A-8).
Figure A. Percent of Population: Selected Age Groups
Tables
Total Resident Population, 1991
A-1.
Total Resident Population, 1990
A-2.
Percent Change in Total Resident Population. 1990 to 1991
A-3.
Percent Change in Total Resident Population, 1981 to 1991
A-4.
Population Age 5-17, 1991
A-5.
Population Age 5-17 as Percent of Total Population, 1991
A-6.
Percent of Resident Population Age 18 and over, 1991
A-7.
Percent of Resident Population Age 65 and Over. 1991
A-8.
Percent Change in Population 65 Years of Age and Older. 1981 to 1991
A-9.
A-10. Number of Live Births from January to December 1991
A-11. Number of Live Births from January to December 1992
Population per Square Mile of Land Area. 1991
A-12.
ry
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