ERIC ED354422: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1991 Annual Report.

186 Pages·1991·3.3 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 354 422
CG 024 763
TITLE
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, 1991 Annual Report.
INSTITUTION
Digital Systems Research Inc., Arlington, VA.
SPONS AGENCY
Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
PUB DATE
91
CONTRACT
OJP-92-C-002
NOTE
186p.
AVAILABLE FROM
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse, Box 6000,
Rockville, MD 20850 (free).
PUB TYPE
Descriptive (141)
Reports
EDRS PRICE
MFO1 /PCU8 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
*Delinquency; Juvenile Courts; Juvenile Gangs;
*Juvenile Justice; Missing Children; Prevention;
State Programs;
Violence; Youth Problems
IDENTIFIERS
Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act 1974
ABSTRACT
This report fulfills the annual reporting
requirements of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
(JJDP) Act of 1974 as amended, and describes the Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP) efforts to carry out the
broad mandates of the JJDP Act during fiscal year 1991. The report
begins with an explanation of the structure of the Office within the
Department of Justice, the statutory requirements, and then provides
an overview of the juvenile justice system to assist those who desire
a greater understanding of juvenile justice. The report further
provides case illustrations, highlighted descriptions of key
programs, and summary reports on recent studies and developments
among the Nation's youth. The nine chapters focus on these specific
topics:
(1) confronting violence, drugs and gangs;
(2) reducing
illiteracy and educational deficits;
(3) reclaiming communities;
(4)
entering the juvenile justice system;
(5) detaining and supervising
offenders;
(6) meeting the statutory mandates;
(7) focusing on
exemplary programs and state plans;
(8) determining directions and
reporting results; and (9) missing and exploited children. The
appendix lists OJJDP-funded projects during fiscal year 1991.
(ABL)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
***********************************************************************
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
ENLE
v
wS ICE
011 P
U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educat.onat Research ano improvement
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC,
ThiS document has been reproduced as
received from the person or Organization
originating
Minor changes nave been "made to .morove
reproduction Quality
Points of view Or opm.ons slated .n this docu-
ment do not neCessahly represent olfrc,at
OE RI position or pOhCy
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
.
.
OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE
:
AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE
AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
1991 ANNUAL REPORT
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
3
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is a component of the Office of
Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice
Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office for Victims of Crime.
our world
People think the problem in
is crack or suicide or babies having
babies; and those are symptoms. The
disease is a kind of moral emptiness,
though. And we cannot continue
pro-
ducing generations born numbly into
despair, finding solace in
a needle or
If, as President, I had the
a vial.
power to give just one thing to this
great country, it would be the return
of an inner moral compass nurtured
by the family and valued by society.
President George Bush
Remarks at the Veterans Affairs
Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
September 12,1991
CONTENTS
TABLE
OF
PART I
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
3
Foreword from the Administrator
3
Structure of the Office
4
Annual Reporting Requirements
6
Leadership through the Coordinating Council
8
The Juvenile Justice System
10
PART II SPECIAL EMPHASIS AND TRAINING
CHAPTER I: CONFRONTING VIOLENCE, DRUGS & GAN,3S
19
Youth Violence
19
Drugs
20
Preventing Drug Abuse
25
Drug Testing
27
Other Anti-Drug Efforts
29
Gangs
32
GO-CAP
34
A National Study
35
Positive Alternatives
36
CHAPTER II: REDUCING ILLITERACY AND EDUCATIONAL DEFICITS
39
Safe Environments
39
Teaching Respect for the Law
42
Literacy
44
Student Leadership
47
Alternative Schools
49
CHAPTER III: RECLAIMING COMMUNITIES
51
Community Values
51
Interagency Coordination
53
POLICY: Interagency Action Planning
56
SHOCAP: Interagency Case Management
58
Field Initiated Strategies
61
CHAPTER IV: ENTERING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
65
Uniqueness of Juvenile Court
65
Processing Delinquency Cases
70
Assisting Prosecutors
72
Accountability through Restitution
73
Assisting Children in Resolving Difficulties
76
Helping Children Find a Permanent Home
77
6
PART H SPECIAL EMPHASIS AND TRAINING (CONTINUED)
79
CHAPTER V: DETAINING AND SUPERVISING OFFENDERS
79
Juveniles Taken Into Custody
81
Probation
84
Boot Camps as Intermediate Sanctions
85
From Confinement to Community Life
86
Training Corrections Professionals
88
Private Sector Projects
STATE RELATIONS
PART III
95
CHAPTER VI: MEETING THE STATUTORY MANDATES
95
Formula Grants
98
Progress and Successes
101
Compliance by the States
CHAPTER VII: FOCUSING ON EXEMPLARY PROGRAMS
107
AND STATE PLANS
107
Exemplary Programs
112
Summaries of State Plans
PART IV RESEARCH AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER. VIII: DETERMINING DIRECTIONS
131
AND REPORTING RESULTS
131
Roots of Delinquency
134
Focus on Minorities
140
Evaluation
142
Statistical Data Bases
PART V MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN
147
CHAPTER IX: MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN
148
Understanding the Problem
151
The National Center
154
Recovering Missing Children
158
National, State and Local Cooperation
159
State Efforts
160
Local Efforts
160
A Model for Cooperation
162
Comprehensive Plan for Fiscal Year 1992
PART VI APPENDIX
165
OJJDP-FUNDED PROJECTS FISCAL YEAR 1991
8
INTRODUCTION
FOREWORD FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR *
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ( OJJDP), established by the
President and Congress through the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of
1974 (JJDP Act), provides national leadership to help the Nation address the issues of
juvenile delinquency.
As the lead Federal agency for all matters pertaining to juvenile
justice and delinquency prevention, OJJDP works to provide leadership, coordination and
resources to the juvenile justice system.
This report fulfills the annual reporting requirements of the JJDP Act, as amended, and
describes OJJDP's efforts to carry out the broad mandates of the JJDP Act during Fiscal Year
The report begins with an explanation of the structure of the Office within the
1991.
Department of Justice, our statutory requirements, and then provides an overview of the
juvenile justice system to assist those who desire a greater understanding of ju,,enile justice.
The report further provides case illustrations, highlighted descriptions of key programs and
summary reports on recent studies and developments among our Nation's youth.
The accomplishments of OJJDP during Fiscal Year 1991 under the leadership of former
Administrator Robert W. Sweet, Jr. should be readily apparent to the reader. OJJDP has led
in areas of policy and program development, research and statistical studies, information
dissemination, and provision of training and technical assistance.
As this Annual Report demonstrates, OJJDP funds a broad array of initiatives that benefit
the juvenile justice system as a whole as well as the individual youth-serving agencies.
Juvenile justice professionals from each component of the system
law enforcement,
juvenile and family courts, prosecution, probation, corrections and detention, schools, and
social services
all derive benefits from OJJDP- funded projects. OJJDP's priority interest is
to help these components work together effectively at the community level.
The increasingly serious and violent nature of juvenile crime today calls each of us to the
urgency of the hour. It is critical that we bring greater vision, cohesion and coordination to
our efforts in the juvenile justice system. We must intensify our efforts to bring our young
people to a clearer sense of accountability for their actions. At the same time we must work
just as diligently to prevent children from becoming delinquents and intervene and rehabili-
tate them when they do. Working together, we can improve their prospects for a future as
sound, moral and law-abiding citizens. This is a concern that weighs on the hearts of all
Americans.
OJJDP's role promises to be just as vital as in the past
if not more so. I look forward to the
opportunity to work for the betterment of the youth of America through OJJDP in the
coming year.
Gerald (Jerry) P. Regier
Administrator (Designate), OJJDP
NTRODUCHON
I
9
OFFICE
41 STRUCTURE OF THE
scribed in the Appendix, during
The Administrator of the Office of
Fiscal Year 1991 to fulfill OJJDP's
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention is appointed by the
statutory mandates. These respon-
sibilities are carried out through
President by and with the advice
the five OJJDP divisions:
and consent of the U.S. Senate. The
JJDP Act charges the Administrator
The State Relations and Assis-
with responsibility for implement-
tance Division oversees the for-
ing and coordinating overall policy
mula grant program, monitors
for Federal juvenile delinquency
States' compliance with the
programs.
mandates of the JJDP Act, and
provides training and technical
Each year, grants, contracts, coop-
assistance to participating States.
erative agreements and interagency
agreements are awarded in order
The Special Emphasis Division
to carry out OJJDP's mission to "im-
develops promising approaches
prove the quality of juvenile justice
to delinquency prevention, treat-
in the United States." Throughout
ment, and control by selecting,
its history, ()EDP has provided a
demonstrating and testing spe-
vital service to States, communities,
cific program initiatives.
juvenile justice professionals, or-
ganizations, and young people. The
The Research and Program De-
Administrator must focus available
velopment Division pursues a
Federal funds on effective initiatives
comprehensive research agenda,
that prevent and control delin-
developing knowledge about
quency.
special problems, monitoring
trends, and analyzing practices
The Missing Children's Assistance
of the juvenile justice system.
Act of 19484 was passed as Title IV
of the JJDP Act, designating OJJDP
The Training, Dissemination,
as the central coordinating agency
and Technical Assistance Divi-
in all matters pertaining to missing
sion develops technical assis-
and exploited children. The Miss-
tance and training programs for
ing Children Program funds re-
juvenile justice professionals.
search, provides training and tech-
nical assistance and operates a na-
The Information Dissemination
tional resource center, toll-free tele-
Unit assists with the prepara-
phone line, and clearinghouse to aid
tion, publication, and dissemina-
in the recovery of missing children
tion of information on juvenile
nationwide.
delinquency and missing chil-
dren.
OJJDP administered the State For-
mula Grants Program and funded
OJJDP is part of the Office of Jus-
over 100 projects through the Dis-
tice Programs (OJP) within the U.S.
cretionary Grants Program, as de-
INTHOIWCHON
4
.10