ERIC ED342801: Assessing Psychopathology and Behavior Problems in Persons with Mental Retardation: A Review of Available Instruments.

239 Pages·1991·6.7 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
TM 017 968
ED 342 801
Aman, Michael G.
AUTHOR
Assessing Psychopathology and Behavior Problems in
TITLE
Persons with Mental Retardation: A Review of
Available Instruments.
National inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
INSTITUTION
(DHHS), Rockville, Md.
DHHS-ADM-91-1712
REPORT NO
PUB DATE
91
241p.
NOTE
Reference Materials - Bibliographies (131) -- Reports
PUB TYPE
- Research/Technical (143)
MF01/PC10 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
*Behavior Disorders; Developmental Disabilities;
DESCRIPTORS
*Diagnostic Tests; Evaluation Methods; Interviews;
*Measures (Individuals); Medical Evaluation; Mental
Disorders; Mental Health; *Mental Retardation;
*Psychological Testing; *Psychopathology; Surveys
ABSTRACT
This survey of the instruments and methods that are
currently available for assessing mental health problems in persons
with mental retardation lists formalized instruments and interview
techniques and evaluates them from a methodological perspective.
Emphasis is on the assessment and classification of disorders rather
than on the evaluation of adaptive behaviors or treatment effects.
Information was solicited from several professional organizations
with an interest in behavior, psychopathology, and developmental
disabilities through letters sent to 50 prominent researchers and
through computer searches of the literature. Approximately 40
relevant instruments were identified. These are described in three
sections: (1) the more established instruments, most of which have
been published, with detailed descriptions and thorough critiques;
(2) relatively new or unpublished instruments, with brief summaries
and critiques; and (3) relevant instruments considered peripheral to
assessment of behavior disorders, with brief descriptions and no
appraisal of psychometric characteristics. Eight tables summarize
information about the instruments. Three appendices provide
supplemental information about the survey process and the instruments
reviewed. (SLD)
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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
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ASSESSING PSYCHOPATHOLO I
PROBLEMS
AND BEHAVIOR
MENTAL RETARDATION:
IN PERSONS WITH
INSTRUMENTS
A REVIEW OF AVAILABLE
Report Prepared for the National Institute
of Mental Health
Michael G. Aman
The Nisonger Center for
Disabilities
Mental Retardation and Developmental
The Ohio State University
SERVICES
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
Public Health Service
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
National Institute of Mental Health
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20857
Acknowledgements
Services Contract from the
This review was funded by a Professional
The author
Michael Aman, Ph.D.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to
Eleanor Dibble of the NIMH
would like to acknowledge the important role of Dr.
review, who initiated the funding of
who first envisaged the need for such a
suggestions on how the review
the project, and who provided many useful
workers for
The author would like to thank the following
might be structured.
of this research:
professional advice and critical comments on aspects
Rojahn, Donald Smeltzer (Ohio
Drs. Fred Damarin, David Hammer, Johannes
(University of Kansas), and
State University), Dr. Stephen Schroeder
The author is grateful to
Virginia).
Dr. Nirbhay Singh (Medical College of
for her many useful
Children)
Peggy Smith (Virginia Treatment Center for
Aman for a great deal of moral
editorial suggestions and, as always, to Marsha
substantial editorial advice and word
support and practical help including
processing of this document.
Assessing psychopathology and
Aman, M.G. (1991).
Suggested citation:
A review of
retardation:
behavior problems in persons with mental
U.S. Department of Health and
Rockville MD:
instruments.
available
Human Services.
iii
4
Table of Contents
iii
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1
3
Survey Methods Employed
4
Selection Criteria for Instruments
5
Instruments Not Included
7
Psychopathology
Other Instruments Relevant to the Assessment of
8
Evaluation Criteria
9
Acceptable Ranges
10
Review Format
10
Some Caveats
12
The Nature of Psychopathology in Mental Retardation
21
Part I
Residential and Community
AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale:
23
Edition
30
AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale: School Edition
35
Aberrant Behavior Checklist
41
Adolescent Behavior Checklist
46
Social Adaptation
Balthazar Scales of Adaptive Behavior: II. Scales of
51
Behaviour Disturbance Scale
55
Client Development Evaluation Report
59
Clinical Interview Schedule
65
Devereux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale
70
Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale
75
(DASH)
Diagnostic Assessment of the Severely Handicapped
so
Disabilities
Emotional Disorders Rating Scale: Developmental
Minnesota Developmental Programming System (MDPS):
84
Behavior Management Assessment
89
Preschool Behavior Questionnaire
93
Prout-Strohmer Personality Inventory
v
Psychopathology Instnunent for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA)
97
Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior
103
Schedule of Handicaps, Behaviour, and Skills kfIBS)
Revised
107
Self-Report Depression Questionnaire
113
Strohmer-Prout Behavior Rating Scale
117
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale
121
Part II
125
Attention Checklist
127
Behavior Development Survey
128
Behavior Evaluation Rating Scale (BeERS)
130
Behavior Inventory for Rating Development (BIRD)
131
Behavior Problems Inventory
133
Communication Style Questionnaire
135
Developmentally Delayed Children's Behaviour Checklist
137
Fairview Maladaptive Behavior Survey
139
Gilson-Levitas Diagnostic Criteria
141
Motivation Assessment Scale
143
Pqchosocial Behaviour Scale
145
Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
147
Social and Emotional Behavior Inventory
150
Social Judgment Scale
152
Social Participation Rating Scale
154
Standardized Assessment of Personality
156
Structured Clinical Interview
158
Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (Adapted)
159
Part III
161
Cognitive Diagnostic Battery
163
Maladaptive Behavior Scale (MABS)
164
Paroxysmal Behavior Scale
165
vi
166
Checklist
Seizure and Related Behavior
167
Shortened Stockton Rating Scale
168
Schedule
Social Performance Survey
169
Inventory
Vocational Problem Behavior
171
Conclusions and Recommendations
173
Characterization of Existing Scales
174
State of the Field
178
Instruments
Recurring Problems with Available
179
Retardation
and Behavior Disorders in Mental
Toward a Valid Taxonomy of Emotional
181
Recommended 1nstrwnents
183
Recommendations for Future Research
187
Tables
Reliability Correlations for
Tab lel: Magnitude of Interrater
187
Different Types of Informant
188
(Part I)
Addressed in Reviewed Instruments
Table 2: Psychometric Futures
190
Classified by Type of Rater
Table 3: Instruments in Parts I and II
191
Classified by Age Group Covered
Table 4: Instruments in Parts I and II
192
Classified by Method of Derivation
Table 5: Instruments in Parts I and II
193
Classified by Number of Subsea les
Table 6: Instruments in Parts I and II
Classified by Level of Mental
Table 7: Instruments in Pans I and II
194
Retardation Covered
195
Reseaith
Factors from Factor Analytic
Table 8: Commonalities among
197
Appendices
Whose Memberships Were Notified
Appendix A: Societies and Associations
197
Regarding the Review
198
Characteristics of Reviewed Scales
Appendix B: Summary of Psychometric
238
3 Through 7
for Abbreviations Used in Tables
Appendix C: Full Instrument Names
vii
Y-
Introduction
1
States and in other
interest, both in the United
In recent years, there has been gnat
mental health problems in
appropriate methods for assessing
countries, in the nature and
the
number of activities such as
retardation. This has led to a
persons with mental
(NIMH) convened a
National Institute of Mental Health
following. In May 1986 the
with
problems in treatment tesearch
topic of "Methodological
special workshop on the
Feature on Treatment
also mentally ill" (see Special
mentally retarded populations who arc
held in February 1987 on
N1MH-sponsored workshop was
Research, 1986). A second
retardation." In addition,
psychiatric disorders in mental
"Assessment and treatment of
meetings of the National
during 1986 and 1987 in national
related presentations were made
for Mental Retardation,
The American Association
Association of the Dually Diagnosed,
Aspects of Mental Retardation
Conference on Mental Health
and an International Research
of these workshops and
opinion that emerged repeatedly at many
(see Reiss, 1989). An
instruments has hampered
uniform or adequate assessment
conferences was that a lack of
individualized methods of
have employed idiosyncratic or
clinical research. Many studies
investigations. However, it was not
hindered comparison across
assessment, and this has
instmments.
need for better diagnostic
impression was of the actual
clear how accurate this
of the instruments
considerable need for a systematic survey
Thus, there appeamd to be a
health problems in persons
available for assessing mental
and methods that are currently
with mental retardation.
requirement. One objective
carried out to help meet this
The present project was
evaluating
interview techniques for
formalized instruments and
was to collect all
retardation. The second
in persons with mental
psychopathology and behavior disorders
evaluate them from a
these instruments and to
principal objective was to describe
inform interested workers
hoped that this will help to
methodological perspective. It is
merits. It should be
techniques and their relative
about the available pool of assessment
and classification of
this project has been on assessment
noted that the emphasis in
treatment effects.
evaluation of adaptive behavior or
disorders per se rather than on the
effects could come
adaptive behavior or treatment
Thus, instruments developed to measure
diagnostic
necessarily was directed to
but the evaluation
under the terms of this review,
precision.
Survey Methods Employed
appropriate rating and
used to identify and locate
A variety of methods was
3
diagnosdc instruments. Extensive
efforts were made to inform workers
in the field that the
assessment was underway and to seek submissions
of all relevant materials, whetner
published or not. These efforts
included the following:
1. Notices were sent
to a number of societies and organizatiolis
whose membership
was known to have an interest in behavior problems,
psychopathology, and
developmental disabilities. In each
case, a notice described the objectives of the
review project and asked that all
relevant materials be sent
to the author. The
organizations that
were contacted are listed in Appendix A.
2. Computer searches
were conducted to examine the literature for relevant
publications on the assessment of
behavior problems and/or dual diagnosis.
These
included Med line, BRS (Psych
Info), and BRS Health Instruments
File Database
searches.
3
Personal letters were sent
to 50 prominent researchers who
.
were known to be
interested in assessment research in
the mental retardation field. This
was expedited
by the literature search discussed
above and by suggestions provided
by colleagues
in the field. The individuals
who were contacted resided in eight
different regions
including the United States,
Australia, Canada, England, the
Netherlands,
Scotland, Sweden, and Wales.
Selection Criteria for
Instruments
As noted previously, the emphasis
of this review was
on standardized scales and
interviews that could differentiate
between various forms of psychopathclogy
or behavior
disorders in persons with mental
retardation. The computer search, and
more specifically
the key word
diagnosis,
produced a very large number of
articles that were deemed
not to
be relevant to this review. These
included numerous research
papers concerned with
identification of various physiological,
genetic, metabolic, or other pathological
disorders,
such as Rett syndrome, phenylketonuria,
and so forth. Such publications
were excluded
from the present review. Also
excluded were articles and instruments
that attempted to
formulate subgroups
on the basis of IQ test profiles or neuropsychological
profiles.
Vocational adaptation and
readiness scales were excluded unless
specifically relevant to the
dual diagnosis question. Finally,
scales that were designed
to screen for a single disorder,
such as the several autism scales,
were not included in this review. These criteria
were
somewhat arbitrary, but it
was necessary to put boundaries on the
survey so that its major
objectives could be achieved.
4
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