ERGOCHECK for a Preliminary Mapping of Risk at Work Ergonomics Design and Management: Theory and Applications Waldemar Karwowski Industrial Engineering and Management Systems University of Central Florida (UCF) – Orlando, Florida PUBLISHED TITLES Risk Analysis and Management of Repetitive Actions A Guide for Applying the OCRA System (Occupational Repetitive Actions), Third Edition Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Knowledge Service Engineering Handbook Jussi Kantola and Waldemar Karwowski Neuroadaptive Systems Theory and Applications Magdalena Fafrowicz, Tadeusz Marek, Waldemar Karwowski, and Dylan Schmorrow Safety Management in a Competitive Business Environment Juraj Sinay Ergonomics in Developing Regions Needs and Applications Patricia A. Scott Human Factors of a Global Society A System of Systems Perspective Tadeusz Marek, Waldemar Karwowski, Marek Frankowicz, Jussi I. Kantola, and Pavel Zgaga Working Posture Assessment The TACOS (Time-Based Assessment Computerized Strategy) Method Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti ERGOCHECK for a Preliminary Mapping of Risk at Work Tools, Guidelines, and Applications Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.crcpress.com/ Ergonomics-Design--Mgmt-Theory--Applications/book-series/CRCEDMTAPPS ERGOCHECK for a Preliminary Mapping of Risk at Work Tools, Guidelines, and Applications Edited by Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti First edition published 2020 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@ tandf.co.uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Colombini, Daniela, editor. | Occhipinti, Enrico, editor. Title: ERGOCHECK, for a preliminary mapping of risk at work: tools, guidelines, and applications / edited by Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti. Other titles: ERGOCHECK, un metodo per la mappatura preliminare dei fattori di rischio per la salute e il benessere al lavoro. English Description: Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2020. | Series: Ergonomics design & mgmt. theory & applications | “This book was previously published in Italian entitled, ‘ERGOCHECK un metodo per la mappatura preliminare dei fattori di rischio per la salute e il benessere al lavoro. Strumento, modalità di uso, esempi applicative.’ By Daniela Colombini, Enrico Occhipinti No 1125, 2019; published by Dossier Ambiente, Milano, Italy.” | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019056387 | ISBN 9780367230098 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429281556 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Industrial safety–Data processing. | Industrial hygiene–Data processing. | Work environment–Case studies–Data processing. | Risk assessment–Data processing. | Employees– Health risk assessment–Data processing. | Lists–Data processing. | ErgoCheck. Classification: LCC T55.3.D38 E74 2020 | DDC 658.3/820285–dc23 ISBN: 978-0-367-23009-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-28155-6 (ebk) Typeset in Times by codeMantra This book was previously published in Italian entitled, “ERGOCHECK un metodo per la mappatura preliminare dei fattori di rischio per la salute e il benessere al lavoro. Strumento, modalità di uso, esempi applicative. By Daniela Colombini, Enrico Occhipinti No 1125, 2019; published by Dossier Ambiente, Milano, Italy. We have fond memories of when, as recent graduates in occupational medicine, we were sent by Prof. Antonio Grieco and Prof. Giulio Maccacaro to a factory to evaluate the health problems of the “working class”. There were no tools back then other than talking with workers, listening to their problems and reporting “worker subjectivity through homogeneous groups”. This was back in 1974–1975. We knew precious little about occupational health “in the field” but were fast learners and soon found simple ways of detecting the preventive needs of workers and their priorities. We dedicate this volume, which emphasizes the need to focus on subjectivity through the use of simple guidelines and evaluation tools, to our mentors Prof. Antonio Grieco and Prof. Giulio Maccacaro. THE HOMOGENEOUS WORKER GROUP, GENERATING KNOWLEDGE THROUGH COLLECTIVE SUBJECTIVITY (Giulio Maccacaro, 1970s) It is through this process and with this outlook that the Italian workers’ movement in 1968 became aware that the traditional approach, based on the “neutrality”, “objectivity”, and “uniqueness” of the production cycle and of the technology and science driving it, is no longer acceptable. There is no point in acquiring an abstract snapshot of the production process; what is needed is a real depiction of what each member of the working group experiences as his or her own personal condition. Of course, this depiction is not an individualistic view but rather the result of an evaluation and exploration of the different individualities that contribute, each with their own subjectivity, to constituting the Homogeneous Worker Group and their collective subjectivity. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand how the work of the Homogeneous Worker Group is actually organized and how the group experiences it, together with their working and social backgrounds and real working conditions. ANTONIO GRIECO is a distinguished Teacher and Researcher, a Mentor to all those involved in Prevention, and for over 15 years, the Director of the “Clinica del Lavoro-Luigi Devoto” at the University of Milan. His contribution to the development of Occupational Medicine at the national and international levels and his political and social commitments have profoundly shaped the development of the discipline over the last 40 years and significantly enhanced prevention and the protection of workers’ health. He was one of the first Italian experts in ergonomics. He founded (together with other colleagues) -the Italian Society of Ergonomics (1969); -EPM, the Research Unit of Ergonomics of Posture and Movement (1985); -CIIP, the Italian Inter-associative Council for Prevention (1990). GIULIO ALFREDO MACCACARO is a prominent physician and academic since 1964. He taught medical statistics and biometrics at the University of Milan. And as an advocate of scientific dissent, he spearheaded a movement calling for the renewal, on a democratic basis, of the organization of health care in Italy (Democratic Medicine) and fought against human experimentation and drug consumerism. Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgement .....................................................................................................xi Editors ....................................................................................................................xiii Contributors ...........................................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Introduction and Aim ...........................................................................1 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 2 Reference Sources ................................................................................5 Chapter 3 Pre-mapping of Risk Factors for Occupational Health and Wellbeing: General Structure of ERGOCHECK ...............................41 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 4 First-Level Pre-mapping: Key Enters and General Overview ...........45 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 5 Second-Level Pre-mapping (Quick Assessment) for Studying Biomechanical Overload ....................................................................55 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 6 Second-Level Pre-mapping (Quick Assessment) for the Preliminary Study of Exposure to Chemical Agents and Particulate ...67 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 7 Second-Level Pre-mapping (Quick Assessment) for the Preliminary Study of Exposure to Biological Agents ........................71 Ugo Caselli Chapter 8 Second-Level Pre-mapping (Quick Assessment) for the Preliminary Evaluation of Work-Related Stress ................................77 Paolo Campanini and Alberto Baratti Chapter 9 Summary of Pre-mapping Evaluations by Homogeneous Group and Manufacturing Unit ...................................................................113 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti vii viii Contents Chapter 10 Examples of ERGOCHECK Spreadsheets ......................................127 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 11 Using ERGOCHECK for Pre-mapping Risk: Application Examples ......................................................................145 Chapter 12 Pre-mapping in an Agricultural Setting: Presentation of a Specific ERGOCHECK Model ........................................................181 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti Chapter 13 Conclusions ......................................................................................211 Daniela Colombini and Enrico Occhipinti References .............................................................................................................213 Index ......................................................................................................................217 Preface In recent years, there has been an undeniable increase in the number of complex, multifactorial work-related disorders and diseases in the working population. Only a “holistic” approach can hope to prevent these work-related health effects such as musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and other issues generated by occupational stress. National and international prevention agencies and professionals are therefore searching for simple tools that they can use for assessing and managing specific work-related risk factors, but that non-experts can also employ in both developed and developing countries, especially in very small businesses, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and non-industrial sectors. For years now, the World Health Organization (WHO) has encouraged the devel- opment of “toolkits” to make it easier to identify occupational risks and disorders. In describing how such a toolkit should be designed, the WHO indicates a set of practical risk assessment procedures and guidelines, including advice on simple risk control options (WHO, 2010). The toolkit should thus be simple and easy to use even by non-specialists in SMEs and developing countries. The Milan-based International School of Ergonomics of Posture and Movements (EPMIES) has played an active role in designing a toolkit for analyzing and manag- ing the risks associated with biomechanical overload and preventing WMSDs, in cooperation with the WHO and the International Ergonomics Association (IEA), along with other agencies operating under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Labour Office (ILO). Much space within this project is obviously allocated to defining simple risk fac- tor analysis tools that can also be used by non-experts in ergonomics, occupational health or industrial hygiene. ix