Eretmocerus haldeman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the United States, with descriptions of new species attacking Bemisia (tabaci complex) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

27 Pages·1997·12 MB·

by  M Rose

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
99(1). 1997, pp. 1-27
ERETMOCERUS HALDEMAN (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) IN THE
UNITED STATES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES ATTACKING
BEMISIA (TABACI COMPLEX) (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)
Mike Rose and Gregory Zolnerowich
Department ofEntomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. A key to species of Eretmocerus that occur in the continental United States
is provided. Eretmocerus eremicus, n. sp., E.joeballi, n. sp., E. staufferi, n. sp., and E.
tejanus, n. sp,, all reared from Bemisia {tabaci complex) collected in the United States,
are described. Redescriptions of Eretmocerus californicus Howard, E. corni Haldeman,
E. haldemani Howard, and E. portoricensis Dozier are provided. Eretmocerus debachi
Rose and Rosen, E. furuhashii Rose and Zolnerowich, and E. illinoisensis Dozier are
discussed. Lectotypes are designated for Eretmocerus californicus Howard, E. haldemani
Howard, and E. portoricensis Dozier.
Key Words: Eretmocerus, Aphelinidae, Bemisia, Aleyrodidae, biological control
Species of Eretmocerus Haldeman, 1850 major agricultural pest attacking a variety
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) of food, cash, and ornamental crops in the
are attracting widespread interest because United States and abroad. Bemisia {tabaci
ofpopulation explosions oiBemisia {tabaci complex) attacks over 500 plant species in
complex) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) around 74 families (Mound and Halsey 1978;
the world (Rose et al. 1996). All known Brown and Bird 1992) and new host plants
species of Eretmocerus are primary para- are continually being added (Gill 1992;
sites of whitefly, and species of Eretmoce- Costa et al. 1993). Crop damage occurs due
rus have been purposefully utilized in ef- to feeding, honeydew production and resul-
fective biological control programs (Rose tant sooty mold, and disease transmission.
and DeBach 1991-1992; Rose and Rosen Species in the Bemisia {tabaci complex)
1991-92; Rose 1988). This paper, which is transmit more than 15 viruses (Byrne et al.
part of a larger study of Eretmocerus spe- 1990) that cause more than 40 plant dis-
cies of the world, is designed to clarify eases (Brown and Bird 1992). Reflecting
characterizations of named species in the the current U.S. situation, Bemisia {tabaci
U.S., and to describe new species that at- complex) is a major pest of crops in Mex-
tack Bemisia {tabaci complex) in the U.S. ico, the Caribbean, Central and South
Because of confusion regarding the use America, the Middle East, India, and parts
of the names Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) of Africa.
A-strain, B. tabaci B-strain, and B. argen- Biological control research to attain pop-
tifolii Bellows and Perring on specimen la- ulation regulation of Bemisia {tabaci com-
bels and in the literature (Brown et al. plex) in the U.S. is emphasizing evaluation
1995), we refer to hosts from this group as of naturally occurring species of parasitic
Bemisia {tabaci complex). Species of Be- Hymenoptera and importation of exotic
misia {tabaci complex) have emerged as a populations and species of parasites. The
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
majority of native and imported species are which may obscure the actual species being
found in Eretmocerus and Encarsia Foers- studied. For example, two ofthe species de-
ter (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelini- scribed in this paper were called E. califor-
dae). Polaszek et al. (1992) provided a key nicus or E. sp. nr californicus for many
and discussion of Encarsia species that at- years.
tack Bemisia (tabaci complex). Schauff et Previous studies (Rose and Rosen 1991-
al. (1996) furnished a pictorial key and dis- 1992, Rose and Zolnerowich 1994, Rose et
cussion of species of Encarsia that attack al. 1996, Hunter et al. 1996) have empha-
whitefly in North America. Species ofAmi- sized developing criteria for the character-
tus Haldeman (Hymenoptera: Platygastri- ization of species based on morphology,
dae) also have been reared from Bemisia pigment patterns of males, reciprocal mat-
{tabaci complex) (Viggiani and Evans ing trials, and electrophoretic analysis.
1992). These studies all indicate that minor mor-
Surveys to obtain samples of Bemisia phological differences in the size, shape, or
{tabaci complex) and its parasites from var- chaetotaxy of the habitus, antennae, and
ious host plants in the U.S. have been un- forewings, and pigment patterns of males,
dertaken primarily in Arizona, California, are significant species characters.
Florida, and Texas. These states have suf- Males of different species of Eretmoce-
fered the greatest damage to field crops and rus are very similar unless they have fea-
subsequent losses to Bemisia {tabaci com- tures such as distinct pigment patterns. The
plex), so biological control research efforts poor condition of male specimens available
have been emphasized in these areas. It is for Eretmocerus haldemani and E. illinois-
vitally important that researchers in these ensis preclude their separation in the key to
and other areas are able to identify the bi- species. Males are unknown for Eretmoce-
ological entities they are discovering, im- rusjoeballi and E. portoricensis.
porting, colonizing and evaluating.
Methods
There are currently 8 described species
of Eretmocerus from the New World, and High quality microslide mounts are nec-
30 species are known from the Old World. essary to correctly examine and identify
Given that there are nearly 1200 described species of Eretmocerus. Because clearing
species of whitefly, and that species of Er- and mounting specimens in balsamremoves
etmocerus are known from all continents all or most of their color, most specimens
where whitefly occur, there are undoubtedly used in this study were mounted in Hoyer's
many more undescribed species of Eret- medium as described by Rosen and DeBach
mocerus. Because most species of Eretmo- (1979), and the cover slips were sealed with
cerus have been reared from agricultural two coats of red GLPT, a nonconducting
pests, little is known of the actual range of insulating varnish used in electronics (GC
these species. Likewise, little is known Electronics, Rockford, Illinois). Other spec-
about species found outside of agricultural imens were critical point-dried and mount-
settings. ed on cards prior to mounting in balsam.
The literature encompassing the taxono- Most primary type material was mounted in
my of Eretmocerus is disparate in its com- balsam.
prehensiveness, and researchers have relied Position of the body and antenna on mi-
on historical taxonomy to provide names croslides is critical for proper identification.
for numerous species of Eretmocerus that The antenna should be examined from the
are currently being studied and transferred lateral aspect. Viewing the antenna from
nationally and internationally. These histor- any other angle obscures the true length and
ical names often find their way into new shape of the segments. In many instances,
literature and are then generally adopted. the antennae were removed from the head
VOLUME NUMBER
99, 1
fll
Figs. 1-3. 1, $ antenna. 2, Forewing. 3, Venation of forewing. c = length of club, fl = length of first
funicular segment, fll = length of second funicular segment, 1 = length offorewing, m = length of marginal
vein, p = length ofpedicel, r = length ofradicle, s = length ofscape, sm = length ofsubmarginal vein, st =
length of length of stigmal vein, w = greatest width ofdisc, wl = width I.
and mounted separately on the same slide. (wl) is the distance between the distal end
Wings should be positioned away from the of the frenal fold and the anterior margin
body to reveal their shape and allow accu- of the forewing above the distal end of the
rate measurements to be made. stigmal vein. Points of measurement for the
Length of the body was measured from lengths of the submarginal, marginal, and
critical point-dried specimens using an eye- stigmal veins are shown in Fig. 3. The ra-
piece micrometer when possible. Other tios of the lengths of the longest anterior
measurements of specimens mounted in and posterior alary fringes (Fig. 5) to the
balsam or Hoyer's were taken using an eye- width of the wing are given, as is the num-
piece micrometer or a digitizing tablet. The ber oftubercles (Fig. 1 1), which are present
maximum length of each antennal article in on the ventral side of the wing.
lateral view was measured (Fig. 1). The an- In many instances, the distal boundary of
tennal ratios given in descriptions are the the marginal vein and the advent ofthe stig-
ratios of the lengths of the radicle scape mal vein were not clearly delimited. In
: :
pedicel club. Unless expressed as a range, those cases, the end of the marginal vein
:
the length width ratios represent average and the beginning of the stigmal vein were
:
values. taken at the base of the distal large seta on
Length and width of the forewing were the marginal vein (Fig. 3, st).
measured as shown in Fig. 2. The maxi- Descriptions of color for critical point-
mum length (1) and width of the wing dried and specimens mounted in Hoyer's
across the disc (w) were measured. Width I may differ because of differences in speci-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Table L Species ofEretmocems in the U.S. and original collection data.
species OriginalHostInsect
corni types lost
VOLUME NUMBER
99. 1
Table 1. Continued.
OriginalHostPlant OriginalLocality.Date
Comaceae: Cornus sericea, dogwood Pennsylvania, 1847
Balsaminaceae: Impatiens biflora, jewel weed Pennsylvania, White Clay
Creek, 1929
Fagaceae: Quercus agrifolia, California live oak Califomia, Los Angeles, 1887
unknown' California, Berkeley, 1908
unknown Illinois, Elizabethtown, 1932
Burseraceae: Bursera simaruba Puerto Rico: Bayamon &
Zygophyllaceae: Guaiacum officinale Central Aguirre, 1925
Rutaceae: Citrus spp. California, Orange County,
1982
Moraceae: Moms sp., mulberry Japan: Honshu, 1979
Malvaceae: Gossypium hirsiitum, cotton Arizona, Phoenix, 1991
Moraceae: Morus sp. California, Bakersfield, 1993
Solanaceae: Solarium
Solanaceae: Lycopersicon. tomato Texas, College Station, 1993
Cruciferae: Brassica oleracea, cabbage Texas, Mission, 1994
- Mesoscutum with 6 setae 5 8(7) Scape at least 6.5 times as long as wide
4(3) Parapsis with 2 setae; club 4.1-4.5 times (Fig. 16); midbasitarsus 8.5 times as long
as long as its greatest width (Fig. 8) ... as wide E. haldemani
E. debachi — Scape 3.5-5.5 times as long as wide (e.g..
- Parapsis with 3 setae (Fig. 15); club 4.3- Fig. 10); midbasitarsus 5.5-8.3 times as
5.6timesaslongas itsgreatestwidth(Fig. long as wide 9
13) E.furuhashii 9(8) Pedicel 2.4-3.1 times as long aswide, and
5(3) Club 3.2-3.8 times as long as wide, with 0.25-0.3 times as long as club (Fig. 6);
dorsalsurfaceconvexandcontrastingwith reared from Trialeurodes E. corni
straight ventral surface (Fig. 20) .... — Pedicel 3-4 times as long as wide, and
E. portoricensis 0.29-0.39 times as long as club (Fig. 10);
- Club 4.5-8.3 times as long as wide, and reared fromBemisia {tabacicomplex)and
with dorsal and ventral surfaces more or possibly Trialeurodes 10
less parallel (e.g.. Figs. 4, 26) 6 10(9) Gastral tergite II usually with 1 pair, but
6(5) Dorsal surface of club apically tapered so occasionally 2 pairs, of lateral setae (Fig.
that apex forms a broad point (Fig. 4); rad- 12); gastral sternites anterior to base of
icle 0.6 times or more as long as scape . . ovipositorusually with agroupof4-5 se-
E. califomicus tae, occasionally with 3-6 setae ....
- Apex ofclub truncate; radicle0.35—0.50 E. eremicus, n. sp.
times as long as scape (e.g., Figs. 16, - Gastral tergite II usually with 2 pairs, but
26) 7 occasionally 1 pair, of lateral setae (Fig.
7(6) Pedicel short, 2-2.3 timesas longas wide; 28); gastral sternites anterior to base of
club 4.5-5.1 times as long as wide (Fig. ovipositorusually with a group of7-8 se-
18); ovipositor 1.5 times as long as club tae, occasionally with 5-6 setae ....
and 1.3 times as long as midtibia E. tejanus, n. sp.
E.joeballi. n. sp. 11(1) Mesoscutum with 4 setae (Fig. 15) .... 12
- Pedicel longer, 2.5-4 times as long as - Mesoscutum with 6 setae 13
wide; club 5.9-8.3 times as long as wide 12(11) Parapsis with 2 setae; mesoscutum with
(e.g.. Figs. 6, 16); ovipositor shorter than dark fuscous "T" shape; scutellum com-
or equal to length ofclub or midtibia ... 8 pletely fuscous (Fig. 29) E. debachi
X
.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
- Parapsis with 3 setae (Fig. 15); mesoscu- funicular segment is not as reduced, and the
tum with light fuscous "T" shape; scutel- club is not tapered (Figs. 10, 26).
lum medially fuscous, lateral areas unpig- Males of E. californicus lack pigment
mented (Fig. 31) E.furuhashii
13(11) Entire mesosoma brown to brown orange, patterns on the mesoscutum, and the scape
contrasting strongly with head and meta- is 2.5-2.8 X as long as the pedicel. Eret-
soma (Fig. 32) E. staujferi, n. sp. mocerus eremicus and E. tejanus differ by
- Mesosomanotbrowntobrownorange,al- having distinct fuscous pigment patterns on
tnhootuugmh, mfeusscoosucsutpuimg,meonrtscpuattteelrlnusmomnayprboe- the mesosc—utum (Figs. 30, 33).
Female. Length and body color could
present or absent (e.g.. Figs. 30, 33) ... 14
14(13) Mesoscutum with longitudinal fuscous not be accurately determined from available
bands (Fig. 33) E. tejanus, n. sp. slide-mounted specimens. Wings hyaline.
- Mesoscutum without longitudinal fuscous Face and occiput with transverse substri-
bands 15 gulate sculpture, interscrobal area vertically
15(14) Mesoscutum fuscous along anterior substrigulate. Antenna (Fig. 4) with radicle
margin (Fig. 30), or with a light fuscous
"T" shape (as in Fig. 31), orevenly fus- 5.4X as long as wide; scape 3.9X as long
cous 16 as wide, 1.5-1.6X length of radicle, 1.6X
- Mesoscutum not fuscous 17 length ofpedicel, 0.5X length ofclub; ped-
16(15) Hind tibia fuscous E. eremicus, n. sp. icel 2.6X as long as wide, slightly shorter
- Hind tibia not fuscous E. corni than radicle, 0.6X length of scape, 0.3X
17(15) Scape 2.5-2.8 times as long as pedicel . . . length of club. Funicle I triangular, 1.2X as
E. californicus
- Scape 3.2-4 times as long as pedicel . . . wide as long and much smaller than funicle
E. haldemani, E. illinoisensis II; funicle II 1.8X as wide as long. Club
with apex apically tapered, 5.2-6.6X as
Eretmocerus californicus Howard long as wide, 2X length of scape, 3.2X
(Figs. 4-5) length of pedicel. Antennal ratio 1:1.5:1.0:
3.1.
Eretmocerus californicus Howard, 1895: 16 Mesoscutum trapezoidal with 6 setae and
[USNM, examined]. with reticulate sculpture in the anterior V3,
remainder with elongate reticulate sculpture
Type material. Lectotype here designat- laterally and substrigulate sculpture medi-
ed, 9 mounted in balsam on a slide la- ally. Parapsis with 2 setae and faint reticu-
belled, "Name Eretmocerus/californicus/ late to substrigulate sculpture; axilla with 1
Howard/REMOUNT/Det HOWARD 19 seta and sculpture similar to parapsis. Scu-
USNM
1895/Coll D. W. Coquillett/No. 2699/ tellum with 4 setae and 2 placoid sensilla
Corr. LECTOTYPE" "9/1" "Loc Los lateral to and close to posterior setae, lat-
Angeles/California/Date VI-9 19 1887/Host erally with elongate reticulate sculpture, re-
Aleyrodes/Det 19/On Quercus/agrifolia" mainder with elongate to substrigulate
There are an additional five 9 and 16 c? sculpture. Propodeum smooth. Endophrag-
paralectotypes mounted on 15 slides ma extending to posterior halfofgastral ter-
[USNM].
gite II.
Diagnosis. Females ofE. californicuscan Forewing (Fig. 5) 2.7X as long as wide
be distinguished by the length of the radi- at width I, 2.4X as long as maximum width
cle, which is 0.6X or more than the length of disc. Longest anterior alary fringe 0.2
ofthe scape, the extremely reduced first fu- width of disc, longest posterior alary fringe
nicular segment, and the tapered shape of 0.4X width of disc. Single seta at base of
the club (Fig. 4). Eretmocerus californicus wing present or absent; distal portion of
is most similar to E. eremicus and E. teja- costal cell with 2-5 setae. Marginal vein
nus, which differ in having the radicle only with 3 long setae, 10-12 setae usually be-
0.4-0.5X the length of the scape, the first tween marginal vein and linea calva. Linea
VOLUME NUMBER
99, 1
6
Figs. 4-9. 4-5, Eretmocerus californicus. 4, 9 antenna. 5, 9 forewing. 6-7, E. corni. 6, 9 antenna. 7, 9
forewing. 8-9, E. debachi. 8, 9 antenna. 9, 9 forewing. af = anterior alary fringe, pf = posterior alary fringe.
calva closed posteriorly by setae, with 12- Hind wing 6.9X as long as wide, with 7-
15 tubercles on ventral surface ofwing near 9 setae in center.
posterior end of linea calva; a group of 31- Gastral tergite I covered with strong re-
43 setae including those forming distal edge ticulate sculpture; lateral margins of gastral
of linea calva point toward anterior margin tergites imbricate with dense stippling; gas-
of wing, remaining 171-175 setae in disc tral tergites I-VI with paired setae as fol-
point to distal apex of wing. Ratio of sub- lows: 1, 1,2, 2-3, 2, 1. Syntergum with 4
marginal:marginal:stigmal veins 2.8:1.1:1. setae.
"
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Ovipositor slightly exserted and equal to Aleyrodes on oak. Aleuroplatus, Tetraleu-
length of club, 3x length of pedicel, 1.9X rodes, and Trialeurodes all occur on Quer-
length of scape, and 1.1 X length of midtib- cus in southern California. M. Rose and J.
ia. — B. Woolley (TAMU) were unable to obtain
Male. Body color could not be accu- Eretmocerus from numerous collections of
rately determined from available slide- whitefly, particularly Tetraleurodes stanfor-
mounted specimens. Mid- and hind tarsi I- di (Bemis), from oaks in Los Angeles
III fuscous. Marginal and stigmal veins fus- County over the past 15 years.
cous, base of forewing and costal cell Lack of accurate characterization of E.
slightly—fuscous. californicus has resulted in misapplication
Host. Reared from an unknown species of this name, particularly to species of Er-
ofAleyrodes. etmocerus reared from Bernisia (tabaci
—
Discussion. Howard's original descrip- complex) in the U.S. We have not examined
tion and figures of E. californicus were any specimens of E. californicus reared
based on a series of female and male spec- from Bemisia {tabaci complex).
imens reared from an undetermined Aley-
rodes collected by D. W. Coquillett in Los Eretmocerus corni Haldeman
Angeles, California, in 1887. Although (Figs. 6-7)
Howard (1895) deposited type material in
the USNM, and Dozier examined the ma- Eretmocerus corni Haldeman, 1850: 110
terial in 1932, Compere (1936) was unable [USNM, examined].
to examine E. californicus and placed it in —
his key based on the original description. Type Material. Neotype 9 mounted in
The type material was lost from about 1932 balsam on a slide labelled. "Eretmocerus
corni Hald./Reared from white-/fly, Aster-
until 1992.
In 1992, G. Evans found the missing ochiton/sp. on Impatients/biflora./White
slides of E. californicus at the USNM. The Clay Creek/Pa. Sept. 16, 1929/H.L Dozier"
specimens on one slide (five female, eight " Eretmocerus/comi Hald./Designated as/this
male) were crumpled in dark orange balsam long-lost/speci—es79 + 6 Neotype/U.S.N.M."
and not suitable for study. All the speci- Diagnosis. Females of Eretmocerus
mens on this slide have been individually corni can be distinguished by the combi-
remounted in balsam. G. Evans also re- nation of the elongate club that is 5.9-7X
mounted broken specimens, including one as long as wide and the relatively shortped-
female, from two other slides labelled as icel, which is only 2.4-3.IX as long as
USNM Type No. 2699. The label data for wide, and 0.25-0.29X, rarely 0.30X, as
these two new slides, which list "Astero- long as the club (Fig. 6). Eretmocerus corni
diaspidis" as the host, do not agree with the is similar to E. eremicus and E. tejanus,
label data from the other type slides. We which differ in having the pedicel 3-4X as
consider this to be an error. long as wide and 0.28-0.39X as long as the
Our figures and redescription are derived club (Figs. 10, 26). Eretmocerus haldemani
from the six remounted females and eight also has an elongate club, but it is 7.5-8.3X
remounted males, and seven male speci- as long as wide (Fig. 16).
mens from a single original Howard slide. Males ofEretmocerus corni have the me-
There are now a total of 16 slides bearing soscutum and scutellum fuscous, and the
E. californicus specimens labelled with the hind tibia is not fuscous. They are most
original collection data and identified as similar to males of E. eremicus and E. te-
USNM Type No. 2699. janus. Males ofE. eremicus differ in having
It is interesting to note that E. californi- the hind tibia fuscous, and males of E. te-
cus was reared from an unknown species of janus can be distinguished by the longitu-
X
VOLUME NUMBER
99, 1
dinal fuscous bands on the mesoscutum wing, remaining 183-238 setae in disc
(Fig. 33). — point to distal apex of wing. Ratio of sub-
Female. Length of specimens in Hoy- marginal:marginal:stigmal veins 3:1.3:1.
er's 0.47-0.55 mm. Specimens in Hoyer's Hind wing 7.5X as long as wide, with 7-
with body and antennae pale yellow. Head 15 setae in center.
amber; eyes amber with inner red pigment, Gastral tergite I with faint transverse sub-
ocelli pale. Wings hyaline. strigulate sculpture medially and reticulate
Face and occiput with transverse substri- sculpture on anterior halfoflateral margins;
gulate sculpture, interscrobal area vertically lateral margins of tergites II-VI imbricate
substrigulate. Antenna (Fig. 6) with radicle with stippling; tergites I-VI usually with
4X as long as wide; scape 4.9X as long as paired setae as follows: 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, but
wide and 2.1X length of radicle, 2.2 occasionally 1, 1-3, 2-3, 2-3, 2, 1. Synter-
length of pedicel, 0.4X length ofclub; ped- gum with 4 setae.
icel 2.4-3.IX as long as wide, 0.4X length Ovipositor slightly exserted, 0.8X length
of scape, 0.25-0.29X, and rarely 0.30X, ofclub, 3.4X length ofpedicel, 1.8X length
length of club. Funicle I triangular, 1.25X of scape,—equal in length to midtibia.
as wide as long; funicle II subquadrate. Male. Specimens mounted in balsam
Club with apex truncate, 5.9-7X as long as with head orange. Apex of scape, pedicel,
wide, 2.5X length of scape, 4.9X length of and multiporous plate sensilla fuscous. Pro-
pedicel. Antennal ratio 1:2.1:1.6:4.7. notum fuscous. Mesoscutum fuscous,
Mesoscutum trapezoidal with 6 setae and darkest along anterior margin and becoming
reticulate sculpture anteriorly, remainder paler posteriorly; tegula slightly fuscous.
with elongate reticulate sculpture. Parapsis Scutellum fuscous, darkest along anterior
with 2 setae and reticulate to substrigulate and posterior margins. Metanotum and pro-
sculpture; axilla with 1 seta and reticulate podeum slightly fuscous. Aedeagus slightly
to substrigulate sculpture. Scutellum with 4 fuscous. Fore- and hind tarsi slightly fus-
setae and 2 placoid sensilla lateral to and cous; distal portion ofmidtibia and midtarsi
slightly closer to posterior setae than to an- I-III fuscous, midtarsus IV less fuscous.
terior setae, with fine substrigulate sculpture Submarginal vein, costal cell, and edges of
medially, remainder with reticulate sculp- marginal and stigmal veins fuscous; base of
ture. Propodeum medially reticulate, faintly forewing and venation ofhind wing slightly
reticulate on lateral margins. Endophragma fuscous.—
extending nearly to posterior margin ofgas- Host. Reared from Trialeurodes pack-
tral tergite IV. ardi (Morrill),—the strawberry whitefly.
Forewing (Fig. 7) 2.9X as long as wide Discussion. Haldeman's (1850) original
at width I, 2.7X as long as maximum width description and figure of the type species,
ofdisc. Longest anterior alary fringe 0.16X E. corni, were based on "Two mutilated
width of disc; longest posterior alary fringe specimens" reared from Tetraleurodes cor-
0.3X width of disc. Single seta at base of ni (Haldeman) [= Aleurodes corni Halde-
wing present or absent; distal portion of man]. Unfortunately, Haldeman did not
costal cell usually with 3, occasionally 2- designate a depository for his specimens.
5, setae. Marginal vein with 3 long setae; Dozier (1932), who was unable to locate
10-11 setae, occasionally 10-15, between the original material, provided a redescrip-
marginal vein and linea calva. Linea calva tion ofthe species and designated a neotype
closed posteriorly by setae, with 12-16 tu- female based on a series of specimens (15
bercles on ventral surface ofwing near pos- 9, 3 (J) reared from Trialeurodespackardi
terior end of linea calva; a group of 32-45 (Morrill) [as T. morrilli (Britton)] and an
setae including those forming distal edge of additional field-collected female.
linea calva point toward anterior margin of The slide labelled as the neotype lists
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASfflNGTON
""Asterochiton'' as the host, but Dozieronly myricae/Det Rose 1982/On Valencia or-
mentions Trialeurodes morrilli as a host in ange/and lemons".
the redescription. Mound and Halsey There are five 9 and one S paratypes
(1978) do not list any species ofAsterochi- with the same label data as the holotype.
ton in the U.S. Dozier's original identifica- These are deposited with the BMNH, HU,
tion of the host is probably an error. Al- MJR, TAMU,—and USNM.
though Dozier stated the slide bearing the Diagnosis. Females of E. debachi can
neotype female also contained one addition- be distinguished by the deflexed apex ofthe
al female and one male specimen, the slide club (Fig. 8), mesoscutum with 4 setae, and
with the red USNM type label only has a each parapsis with 2 setae. It is most similar
single female and single male. Despite to E. furuhashii, which differs in having a
these discrepancies, we accept this slide longer club (Fig. 13) and 3 setae on each
with the red USNM type label as the one parapsis (Fig. 15). Eretmocerusjoeballi can
with the neotype. have the apex of the club slightly deflexed
Eretmocenis corni did not successfully (Fig. 18) but differs in having 6 setae on
reproduce on Bemisia {tabaci complex) in the mesoscutum.
limited trials at TAMU. It may prove to be Males of E. debachi have each parapsis
important in the biological control of spe- with 2 setae, a fuscous "T" shape on the
cies of Trialeurodes. — mesoscutum, and the scutellum is com-
Other material examined. USA: Mary- pletely fuscous (Fig. 29). Males of E. fu-
land: Blackwater Refuge, reared from T. ruhashii differ in having each parapsis with
packardi on wild strawberry, 19.x, 24, 3 setae, a very light fuscous "T" shape on
26.x.1942, H. L. Dozier (1 $, 2 c?, USNM); the mesoscutum, and the lateral areas ofthe
Cambridge, 24, 26, 30.viii., 9.ix.l943, Ex. scutellu—m are unpigmented (Fig. 31).
Trialeurodes on Euphorbia hirsuta, H. L. Host. Reared from Parabemisia myri-
Dozier (1 9, 6 J, USNM); Church Creek, cae (Kuwana),—the bayberry whitefly.
Ex. Trialeurodes on Lizard's Tail, 2, Discussion. The description of E. de-
4.x.1942 (1 ?, 1 6, USNM); Church bachi was based on series of specimens
Creek, Ex. Lizard's Tail, 10.x.1942 (1 9, reared from Parabemisia myricae collected
USNM); New York: Ithaca, Cornell Plan- on citrus in southern California. The tax-
tations, 29.ix.1992, Trialeurodes packardi onomy, biology and history of E. debachi
on Impatients pallida, T92047, G. W. Fer- in California is well documented (Rose and
rentino (8 9,4 S, MJR); Ithaca, S. of Bee- DeBach 1991-1992, Rose and Rosen 1991-
be Lake, 10.viii.l988, ex. Trialeurodes 92, Rose and Zolnerowich 1994). This spe-
packardi, M. Hunter (1 6, MJR). cies has been introduced and established in
Israel and Turkey, where it is responsible
Eretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen for control of P. myricae. Introductions are
(Figs. 8-9, 29) planned for Spain and France (J. C. Onil-
lon, personal communication) and Morocco
Eretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen, (D. Rosen, personal communication).
1991-1992: 200 [USNM, examined].
Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and
—
Type material. Holotype 9 mounted in Zolnerowich, new species
balsam on a slide labelled, "Name Eret- (Figs. 10-12, 30)
mocerus 9/debachi/Holotype sp.nov./Bal-
—
sam/Det Rose 1982/Coll M. Rose/No. Diagnosis. Females of E. eremicus can
B2.76/Corr. USNM/Rose&Rosen 91-92" be distinguished by the club that is 6.5-
"Loc Rancho MissionA^iejo, Orange Co., 7.3X as long as wide (Fig. 10), pedicel that
Cal./Date VII.15 1982/Host Parabemisia/ is 3-4X as long as wide and 0.3-0.39X as