Equine Neurology PDF
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Equine Neurology Equine Neurology SEcoNd EditioN Martin Furr Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Leesburg, USA Stephen Reed Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital Lexington, USA This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. First edition, 2008 © Blackwell Publishing Professional Editorial Offices 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50014‐8300, USA The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Equine neurology / [edited by] Martin Furr, Stephen Reed. – Second edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-50147-4 (cloth) 1. Horses–Diseases. 2. Nervous system–Diseases. 3. Veterinary neurology. I. Furr, Martin, editor. II. Reed, Stephen M., editor. [DNLM: 1. Central Nervous System Diseases–veterinary. 2. Horse Diseases–diagnosis. 3. Nervous System Diseases–veterinary. SF 959.N47] SF959.N47E68 2015 636.1′08968–dc23 2015007228 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: istockphoto-neuron-impulses 10-01-07 © ChristianAnthony Set in 8.5/10.5pt Meridien by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 1 2015 Contents Contributors List, vii 14 Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of the Nervous System, 157 Preface, ix George M. Strain, Frank Andrews, and Veronique A. Video Clips Demonstrating Clinical Signs, x Lacombe 15 Anesthetic Considerations for Horses with Section 1: Foundations of Clinical Neurology Neurologic Disorders, 184 1 Overview of Neuroanatomy, 3 Adriana G. Silva Caroline Hahn and Jerry Masty 16 The Basics of Equine Neuropathology, 191 2 Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Blood–Brain Fabio Del Piero and John L. Robertson Barrier, 21 17 Diagnostic Imaging of the Equine Nervous System, 215 Martin Furr Katherine Garrett 3 Immunology of the Central Nervous System, 36 Martin Furr Section 3: Specific Disease Syndromes 4 Pharmaceutical Considerations for Treatment 18 Equid Herpesvirus‐Associated of Central Nervous System Disease, 46 Myeloencephalopathy, 225 Véronique A. Lacombe and Martin Furr Lutz S. Goehring 5 Fundamental Neurophysiology, 58 19 Mosquito‐Borne Infections Affecting the Central Craig Johnson and Caroline Hahn Nervous System, 233 Maureen T. Long Section 2: Clinical Equine Neurology 20 Contagious Neurological Diseases, 262 Maureen T. Long 6 Examination of the Nervous System, 67 Martin Furr and Stephen Reed 21 Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System, 273 7 Differential Diagnosis and Management of Horses Martin Furr with Seizures or Alterations in Consciousness, 79 Véronique A. Lacombe and Martin Furr 22 Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, 285 Martin Furr and Daniel K. Howe 8 Differential Diagnosis of Equine Spinal Ataxia, 93 Martin Furr 23 Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System, 306 Martin Furr 9 Differential Diagnosis and Management of Cranial Nerve Abnormalities, 99 24 Miscellaneous Infections of the Central Nervous Robert J. MacKay System, 314 Martin Furr 10 Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Horses, 123 Joseph J. Bertone 25 Disorders Associated with Clostridial Neurotoxins: Botulism and Tetanus, 319 11 Headshaking, 130 Martin Furr Monica Aleman and Kirstie Pickles 12 Differential Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence 26 Neurodegenerative Disorders, 328 Robert J. MacKay and Cauda Equina Syndrome, 139 Melissa Hines 27 Equine Hepatic Encephalopathy, 343 Tom Divers 13 Differential Diagnosis of Muscle Tremor and Paresis, 149 28 Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy, 349 Amy L. Johnson Amy L. Johnson and Stephen Reed v vi Contents 29 Electrolyte Abnormalities and Neurologic 34 Equine Neurotoxic Agents and Conditions, 437 Dysfunction in Horses, 368 Martin Furr Ramiro E. Toribio 35 Neonatal Encephalopathy 30 Cervical Articular Process Disease, Fractures, and and Related Conditions, 455 Other Axial Skeletal Disorders, 386 Martin Furr Richard Hepburn 36 Miscellaneous Movement Disorders, 465 31 Congenital Malformation of Caroline Hahn the Nervous System, 401 37 Stereotypic and Behavior Disorders, 472 Martin Furr Carissa L. Wickens and Katherine A. Houpt 32 Central Nervous System Trauma, 406 38 Miscellaneous Conditions, 484 Yvette S. Nout‐Lomas Martin Furr 33 Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System, 429 Martin Furr Index, 488 Contributors List Monica Aleman, MVZ Cert, PhD, Dip ACVIM Richard Hepburn, BVSc, MS, Cert EM(Int Med), (Internal Medicine, Neurology) Dip ACVIM, MRCVS College of Veterinary Medicine B & W Equine Hospital University of California Gloucestershire, UK Davis, USA Melissa Hines, DVM, Dip ACVIM Frank Andrews, DVM, MS, Dip ACVIM College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Louisiana State University Knoxville, USA Baton Rouge, USA Katherine A. Houpt, VMD, PhD, Dip ACVB Joseph J. Bertone, DVM, MS, Dip ACVIM College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Western University Ithaca, USA Pomona, USA Daniel K. Howe, PhD Fabio Del Piero, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVP Gluck Equine Center School of Veterinary Medicine University of Kentucky Louisiana State University Lexington, USA Baton Rouge, USA Amy L. Johnson, DVM, Dip ACVIM Tom Divers, DVM, Dip ACVIM New Bolton Center College of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Kennett Square, USA Ithaca, USA Craig Johnson, BVSc, PhD, DVA, Dip ECVA Martin Furr, DVM, Dip ACVIM, PhD Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center Massey University Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Palmerstown North, New Zealand Medicine Leesburg, USA Véronique A. Lacombe, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVIM, Katherine Garrett, DVM, Dip ACVS Dip ECEIM Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Lexington, USA Oklahoma State University Stillwater, USA Lutz S. Goehring, DVM, MS, PhD, Dip ACVIM College of Veterinary Medicine Maureen T. Long, DVM, MS, PhD, Dip ACVIM Ludwig Maximillians University College of Veterinary Medicine Munich, Germany University of Florida Gainesville, USA Caroline Hahn, DVM, MSc, PhD, Dip ECEIM, Dip ECVN, MRCVS Robert J. MacKay, BVSc, PhD, Dip ACVIM Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Edinburgh University of Florida Midlothian, UK Gainesville, USA vii viii Contributors List Jerry Masty, DVM, MS, PhD Adriana G. Silva, DVM, MS College of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University University of Montreal Columbus, USA Saint Hyacinthe, Canada Yvette S. Nout‐Lomas, DVM, MS, PhD, Dip ACVIM, George M. Strain, PhD Dip ACVECC School of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Colorado State University Baton Rouge, USA Fort Collins, USA Ramiro E. Toribio, DVM, MS, PhD, Dip ACVIM Kirstie Pickles, BCMS, MSc, Dip ECEIM, PhD College of Veterinary Medicine Scarsdale Equine Veterinary Practice The Ohio State University Derby, UK Columbus, USA Stephen Reed, DVM, MS, Dip ACVIM Tim Vojt, MA Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital College of Veterinary Medicine Lexington, USA The Ohio State University Columbus, USA John L. Robertson, VMD, PhD Virginia Tech Carissa L. Wickens, PhD Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Department of Animal Sciences Medicine University of Florida Leesburg, USA Gainesville, USA
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