Equine Emergencies. Treatment and Procedures PDF
Preview Equine Emergencies. Treatment and Procedures
EDITORS James A. Orsini, DVM, DACVS Associate Professor of Surgery New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Thomas J. Divers, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC Professor Large Animal Medicine Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Hospital for Animals Cornell University Ithaca, New York 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, MO 63043 EQUINE EMERGENCIES: TREATMENT AND PROCEDURES, ISBN: 978-1-4557-0892-5 FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2014, 2007, 2003, 1998 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-1-4557-0892-5 Vice President and Publisher: Linda Duncan Content Strategy Director: Penny Rudolph Content Manager: Shelly Stringer Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Project Manager: Carol O’Connell Design Direction: Karen Pauls Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Helen Aceto, PhD, VMD Alexandra J. Burton, BSc, BVSc, DACVIM Assistant Professor of Veterinary Epidemiology, Director of Large Animal Medicine Biosecurity College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center The University of Georgia School of Veterinary Medicine Athens, Georgia University of Pennsylvania Emergency Treatment of Mules and Donkeys Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Contagious and Zoonotic Diseases Stuart C. Clark-Price, DVM, MS, DACVIM, DACVA Standard Precautions and Infectious Disease Management Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Pain Management Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Robert Agne, DVM University of Illinois Associate Urbana, Illinois Podiatry Anesthesia for Out of Hospital Emergencies Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital Lexington, Kentucky Kevin T. Corley, BVM&S, PhD, DACVIM, DACVECC, DECEIM, Foot Injuries MRCVS Specialist, Equine Medicine and Critical Care Ellison Aldrich, VMD Anglesey Lodge Equine Hospital Large Animal Surgery Resident The Curragh, Co Department of Clinical Sciences Kildare, Ireland College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Director Colorado State University Veterinary Advances Ltd Fort Collins, Colorado The Curragh, Co Emergency Diagnostic Endoscopy Kildare, Ireland Foal Resuscitation Fairfield T. Bain, DVM, MBA, DACVIM, ACVP, DACVECC Clinical Professor of Equine Internal Medicine J. Barry David, DVM, DACVIM Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Hagyard Equine Medical Institute College of Veterinary Medicine Lexington, Kentucky Washington State University Gastrointestinal System—Acute Infectious and Toxic Diarrheal Pullman, Washington Diseases in the Adult Horse Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Respiratory System—Respiratory Tract Emergencies Elizabeth J. Davidson, DVM, DACVS, DACVSMR Respiratory System—Strangles: Diagnostic Approach and Associate Professor in Sports Medicine Management Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine Alexandre Secorun Borges, DVM, MS, PhD University of Pennsylvania Professor, Large Animal Internal Medicine Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Department of Clinical Sciences Musculoskeletal System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Sao Paulo State University–UNESP Musculoskeletal System—Arthrocentesis and Synovial Fluid Analysis Botucatu, SP, Brazil Musculoskeletal System—Temporomandibular Arthrocentesis Emergency Diseases Unique to Countries Outside the Continental Musculoskeletal System—Cervical Vertebral Articular Process United States: South America Injections Musculoskeletal System—Sacroiliac Injections Benjamin R. Buchanan, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC Brazos Valley Equine Hospital Stephen G. Dill, DVM, DACVIM Navasota, Texas Certified by the International Veterinary Acupuncture Society Snake Envenomation Certified by the American Veterinary Chiropractic Association Remington, Virginia Complementary Therapies in Emergencies: Acupuncture iii iv Contributors Thomas J. Divers, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC David L. Foster, VMD, DAVDC Professor Adjunct Associate Professor Large Animal Medicine Large Animal Surgery—Equine Dentistry Cornell University Hospital for Animals George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals Department of Clinical Sciences New Bolton Center Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University University of Pennsylvania Ithaca, New York Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Emergency and Critical Care Monitoring Owner/Veterinarian Emergency Laboratory Tests and Point-of-Care Diagnostics Equine Dental Services of New Jersey Gastrointestinal System—Acute Salivation (Ptyalism) Morganville, New Jersey Gastrointestinal System—Stomach and Duodenum: Gastric Ulcers Gastrointestinal System—Aging Guidelines Gastrointestinal System—Diarrhea in Weanlings and Yearlings Gastrointestinal System—Upper Gastrointestinal Emergencies: Teeth Gastrointestinal System—Acute Infectious and Toxic Diarrheal Diseases in the Adult Horse José García-López, VMD, DACVS Liver Failure, Anemia and Blood Transfusion Associate Professor Nervous System—Neurologic Emergencies Large Animal Surgery Respiratory System—Respiratory Tract Emergencies Clinical Sciences Urinary System—Urinary Tract Emergencies Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Shock and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Tufts University Temperature Related Problems: Hypothermia and Hyperthermia North Grafton, Massachusetts Euthanasia/Humane Destruction Musculoskeletal System—Adult Orthopedic Emergencies Adverse Drug Reactions, Air Emboli, and Lightning Strike Specific Acute Drug Reactions and Recommended Treatments Rachel Gardner, DVM, DACVIM Equine Emergency Drugs: Approximate Dosages and Adverse Drug BW Furlong and Associates Reactions Oldwick, New Jersey Caring for the Down Horse Tamara Dobbie, DVM, DACT Staff Veterinarian in Reproduction Janik C. Gasiorowski, VMD, DACVS Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center Department of Surgery George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals Mid-Atlantic Equine Medical Center School of Veterinary Medicine Ringoes, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania Biopsy Techniques Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Burns, Acute Soft Tissue Swellings, Pigeon Fever, and Fasciotomy Reproduction System—Stallion Reproductive Emergencies Respiratory System—Temporary Tracheostomy Reproduction System—Mare Reproductive Emergencies Monitoring the Pregnant Mare Earl M. Gaughan, DVM, DACVS Emergency Foaling Clinical Professor Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Bernd Driessen, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DECVPT Duck Pond Drive, Phase II Professor of Anesthesiology Virginia Tech Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center Blacksburg, Virginia School of Veterinary Medicine Burns, Acute Soft Tissue Swellings, Pigeon Fever, and Fasciotomy University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Raymond J. Geor, BVSc, MVSc, PhD, DACVIM, DACVSMR, Pain Management DACVN (Honorary) Professor and Chairperson Edward T. Earley, DVM, FAVD/Eq Large Animal Clinical Sciences AP Residency College of Veterinary Medicine Dentistry Michigan State University Cornell University Hospital for Animals East Lansing, Michigan Cornell University Nutritional Guidelines for the Injured, Hospitalized and Postsurgical Ithaca, New York Patient Partner Laurel Highland Veterinary Clinic, LLC Rebecca M. Gimenez, PhD Williamsport, Pennsylvania President Gastrointestinal System—Dental Radiology Ambulatory Techniques Technical Large Animal Emergency Rescue, Inc. Gastrointestinal System—Upper Gastrointestinal Emergencies: Teeth Macon, Georgia Disaster Medicine and Technical Emergency Rescue Contributors v Nora S. Grenager, VMD, DACVIM Amy L. Johnson, DVM, DACVIM (LAIM and Neurology) Fredericksburg, Virginia Assistant Professor of Large Animal Medicine and Neurology Burns, Acute Soft Tissue Swellings, Pigeon Fever, and Fasciotomy Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine Eileen S. Hackett, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVECC University of Pennsylvania Assistant Professor of Equine Surgery and Critical Care Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Department of Clinical Sciences Nervous System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Nervous System—Neurologic Emergencies Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Jean-Pierre Lavoíe, DMV, DACVIM Emergency and Critical Care Monitoring Professor Emergency Laboratory Tests and Point-of-Care Diagnostics Department of Clinical Sciences Quick Reference Protocols for Emergency and Clinical Conditions Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Equine Emergency Drugs: Approximate Dosages and Adverse Drug Université de Montréal Reactions Montreal, Canada Respiratory System—Respiratory Tract Emergencies R. Reid Hanson, DVM, DACVS, DACVECC Professor Equine Surgery David G. Levine, DVM, DACVS J.T. Vaughan Hospital Staff Surgeon Department of Clinical Sciences George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals College of Veterinary Medicine New Bolton Center Auburn University School of Veterinary Medicine Auburn, Alabama University of Pennsylvania Burns, Acute Soft Tissue Swellings, Pigeon Fever, and Fasciotomy Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Regional Perfusion, Intraosseous and Resuscitation Infusion Joanne Hardy, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVECC Techniques Clinical Associate Professor Veterinary Large Animal Clinical Sciences Olivia Lorello, VMD College of Veterinary Medicine Intern Texas A&M University B.W. Furlong & Associates College Station, Texas Equine Veterinarians Musculoskeletal System—Pediatric Orthopedic Emergencies Oldwick, New Jersey Blood Collection Patricia M. Hogan, VMD, DACVS Medication Administration and Alternative Methods of Drug Hogan Equine LLC Administration Cream Ridge, New Jersey Intravenous Catheter Placement Emergencies of the Racing Athlete K. Gary Magdesian, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC, DACVCP Samuel D. A. Hurcombe, BSc, BVMS, MS, DACVIM, DACVECC Professor and Henry Endowed Chair in Emergency Medicine and Assistant Professor of Equine Emergency & Critical Care Critical Care Veterinary Clinical Sciences Veterinary Medicine: Medicine & Epidemiology College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University University of California—Davis Columbus, Ohio Davis, California Emergency Problems Unique to Draft Horses Neonatology Nita L. Irby, DVM, DACVO Tim Mair, BVSc, PhD, DECEIM Lecturer, Clinical Sciences Director Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Cornell University United Kingdom Ithaca, New York Emergency Diseases Unique to Countries Outside the Continental Ophthalmology United States: Europe Sophy A. Jesty, DVM, DACVIM (LAIM and Cardiology) Rebecca S. McConnico, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Assistant Professor of Cardiology Professor of Veterinary Medicine—Equine Internal Medicine Clinical Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Tennessee School of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville, Tennessee Louisiana State University; Cardiovascular System Equine Branch Director Louisiana State Animal Response Team (LSART) Affiliate of the Dr. WJE Jr. Foundation/Louisiana Veterinary Medical Association Baton Rouge, Louisiana Flood Injury in Horses vi Contributors Jay Merriam, DVM, MS James A. Orsini, DVM, DACVS Adjunct Clinical Instructor of Equine Sports Medicine Associate Professor of Surgery Large Animal Medicine Director, Laminitis Institute—PennVet Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Director, Equi-Assist Tufts University; Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center Sports Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine Massachusetts Equine Clinic University of Pennsylvania Uxbridge, Massachusetts Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Emergency Treatment of Mules and Donkeys Blood Collection Medication Administration and Alternative Methods of Drug Linda D. Mittel, MSPH, DVM Administration Senior Extension Associate Intravenous Catheter Placement Department of Population and Diagnostic Sciences Venous Access via Cutdown Animal Health Diagnostic Center Biopsy Techniques Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Emergency Diagnostic Endoscopy Cornell University Gastrointestinal System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Ithaca, New York Gastrointestinal System—Upper Gastrointestinal Emergencies: Teeth Emergency Treatment of Mules and Donkeys Gastrointestinal System—Stomach and Duodenum: Gastric Ulcers Musculoskeletal System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures James N. Moore, DVM, PhD, DACVS Musculoskeletal System—Arthrocentesis and Synovial Fluid Analysis Distinguished Research Professor and Josiah Meigs Distinguished Musculoskeletal System—Temporomandibular Arthrocentesis Teaching Professor Musculoskeletal System—Endoscopy of the Navicular Bursa Large Animal Medicine Respiratory System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures College of Veterinary Medicine Respiratory System—Temporary Tracheostomy The University of Georgia Urinary System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Athens, Georgia Laminitis Gastrointestinal System—Acute Gastric Dilation Emergencies of the Racing Athlete Gastrointestinal System—Acute Abdomen: Colic Equine Emergency Drugs: Approximate Dosages and Adverse Drug Reactions P.O. Eric Mueller, DVM, PhD, DACVS Associate Professor of Surgery Israel Pasval, DVM Chief of Staff Hacharlait Mutual Society for Veterinary Services in Israel Large Animal Hospital Emergency Diseases Unique to Countries Outside the Continental Department of Large Animal Medicine United States: The Middle East College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia John F. Peroni, DVM, MS, DAVCS Athens, Georgia Associate Professor Gastrointestinal System—Acute Gastric Dilation Large Animal Medicine Gastrointestinal System—Acute Abdomen: Colic College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia SallyAnne L. Ness, DVM, DACVIM Athens, Georgia Large Animal Internal Medicine Gastrointestinal System—Acute Gastric Dilation Department of Clinical Sciences Gastrointestinal System—Acute Abdomen: Colic Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Robert H. Poppenga, DVM, PhD, DABVT Ithaca, New York Professor of Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology Blood Coagulation Disorders California Animal Health & Reed Safety Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine Joan Norton, VMD, DACVIM University of California—Davis Norton Veterinary Consulting and Education Resources Davis, California Noblesville, Indiana Toxicology Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial, Fungal and Viral, and Parasitic Pathogens Birgit Puschner, DVM, PhD, DABVT Gene Testing Professor Shock and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Department of Molecular Biosciences and The California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System School of Veterinary Medicine University of California—Davis Davis, California Toxicology Contributors vii Rolfe M. Radcliffe, DVM, DACVS, DACVECC JoAnn Slack, DVM, MS, DACVIM Lecturer, Large Animal Surgery and Emergency Critical Care Assistant Professor Department of Clinical Sciences Large Animal Cardiology and Ultrasound Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center Cornell University School of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca, New York University of Pennsylvania Thoracic Trauma Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Imaging Techniques and Indications for the Emergency Patient— Michael W. Ross, DVM, DACVS Ultrasonography: General Principles and System and Organ Professor of Surgery (CE) Examination Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine Nathan Slovis, DVM, DACVIM, CHT University of Pennsylvania Director Kennett Square, Pennsylvania McGee Medical Center Imaging Techniques and Indications for the Emergency Patient— Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Scintigraphic Imaging Paris, Kentucky Gastrointestinal System—Acute Diarrhea: Diarrhea in Nursing Foals Amy Rucker, DVM MidWest Equine Dominic Dawson Soto, DVM, DACVIM Columbia, Missouri Associate Laminitis Loomis Basin Equine Medical Center, Inc. Penryn, California Christopher Ryan, VMD, DABVP Medical Management of the Starved Horse Resident in Radiology Department of Clinical Studies—Philadelphia Ted S. Stashak, DVM, MS, DACVS School of Veterinary Medicine Professor Emeritus Surgery University of Pennsylvania Department of Clinical Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Imaging Techniques and Indications for the Emergency Patient— Colorado State University Digital Radiographic Examination Fort Collins, Colorado Integumentary System: Wound Healing, Management, and Montague N. Saulez, BVSc, MS, DACVIM-LA, DECEIM, PhD Reconstruction Equine Internist Western Cape Tracy Stokol, BVSc, PhD, DACVP (Clinical Pathology) South Africa Associate Professor Emergency Diseases Unique to Countries Outside the Continental Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences United States: South Africa Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Barbara Dallap Schaer Ithaca, New York Associate Professor (CE) Cytology Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine Brett S. Tennent-Brown, BVSc, MS, DACVIM, DACVECC University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Science Kennett Square, Pennsylvania The University of Queensland Medication Administration and Alternative Methods of Drug Gatton, Queensland, Australia Administration Emergency Diseases Unique to Countries Outside the Continental Emergency Diagnostic Endoscopy United States: Australia and New Zealand Gastrointestinal System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Respiratory System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Christine L. Theoret, DMV, PhD, DACVS Urinary System—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Professor Contagious and Zoonotic Diseases Department de Biomédecine Vétérinaire Standard Precautions and Infectious Disease Management Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Université de Montréal Peter V. Scrivani, DVM, DACVR Quebec, Canada Assistant Professor Integumentary System: Wound Healing, Management, and Department of Clinical Sciences Reconstruction Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca, New York Imaging Techniques and Indications for the Emergency Patient— Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) viii Contributors Regina M. Turner, DVM, PhD, DACT Pamela A. Wilkins, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM, DACVECC Associate Professor Professor of Equine Internal Medicine and Emergency and Critical Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center Care School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Pennsylvania College of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square, Pennsylvania University of Illinois Reproductive System—Stallion Reproductive Emergencies Champaign-Urbana, Illinois Reproductive System—Mare Reproductive Emergencies Perinatology and the High-Risk Pregnant Mare Emergency Foaling Jennifer A. Wrigley, CVT Dirk K. Vanderwall, DVM, PhD, DACT Director of Nursing—Equi-Assist Associate Professor Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Utah State University Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Logan, Utah Emergencies of the Racing Athlete Reproduction System—Stallion Reproductive Emergencies Reproduction System—Mare Reproductive Emergencies Jean C. Young, LVT, VTS Medicine Technician Andrew William van Eps, BVSc, PhD, DACVIM Large Animal Medicine Senior Lecturer in Equine Medicine Cornell University Hospital for Animals School of Veterinary Science Equine/Farm Animal Clinic The University of Queensland Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Gatton, Queensland, Australia Ithaca, New York Emergency Diseases Unique to Countries Outside the Continental Emergency Laboratory Tests and Point-of-Care Diagnostics United States: Australia and New Zealand D E D I C A T I O N Two great legends of Large Animal Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction: FRANCIS H. FOX, DVM, Cornell ’45, and ROBERT B. HILLMAN, DVM, Cornell ’55 Drs. Fox and Hillman touched the lives of many veterinary students, residents, and faculty during their combined 120 years of devotion to veterinary medicine at Cornell University. We, with thousands of others, are fortunate to have learned the art and science of veterinary medicine from their wisdom. Dr. Fox retired his stethoscope in 2010 and Dr. Hillman remains an active clinician in the Department of Theriogenology at Cornell today. Good friends, mentors, and colleagues, they embody the highest level of professionalism, enjoyment in teaching, and advancing clinical science, combined with a “few” pranks along the way. With the greatest of pleasure and distinction, this edition is dedicated in their honor. Thomas J. Divers and James A. Orsini There are other incredible individuals John K. & Marianne S. Castle who guide our lives with awe-inspiring leadership, wisdom, creativeness, and Margaret Hamilton Duprey generosity. To these devoted friends, Mary Alice Malone advocates, and idealists, this book is likewise dedicated. Elizabeth R. Moran Michael J. & Denise (posth) Rotko James A. Orsini 2 0 1 3 Preface The fourth edition of Equine Emergencies: Treatment and Pro- the draft horse, caring for the down horse, flood inju- cedures continues to build on the foundation started in 1998 ries, racing athlete emergencies, snake envenomation, with the publication of the first edition. This edition is an managing the starved horse, and alternative therapies. expanded and thoroughly updated volume that provides our • Appendices have been expanded with access to essen- colleagues with a comprehensive and detailed resource for the tial information in a format that reduces the risk of most “common” and “not so common” procedures and treat- error. Two good examples are the “equine emergency ments needed to manage any equine emergency. The infor- drugs” and “quick reference protocols for emergency mation is the most detailed of any of the previous editions, conditions” for any clinical crisis. while offering a point-by-point checklist of “what to do” and • The number of equine emergency diseases, diagnostic “what not to do” when caring for the horse emergency. Our procedures, and treatments has grown considerably goal is to continue to provide the most current, in-depth since the first edition of the book was published, which information for essentially every equine emergency, and this has necessitated an increased number of pages for each edition has been reviewed to include every step in most pro- edition. In order to keep the fourth edition of the book cedures, as well as recommendations and selection of medica- “manageable” as your emergency companion, refer- tions. The format is similar to the third edition, but is more ences for each chapter have been placed on the com- precise in illustrations, protocols, procedures, and treatments, panion website at www.equine-emergencies.com. The clearly differentiating it from other equine emergency texts website also provides us with the ability to add updates. currently available. • This edition is also available as an e-book publication. We recognize that there is more than one way to diagnose This should prove invaluable as the book will now and treat an equine emergency patient or to perform a pro- be available in a searchable format, “anywhere and cedure, and to that extent this text is not a maxim but the anytime.” compilation of experienced clinicians from both academia The ability to find information easily and by clinical com- and private practice writing about emergency procedures and plaint has been enhanced by Elsevier’s superb publishing treatments in their own specialty areas. There are 18 new team, addressing the concerns that you shared with us from chapters, with every part updated and comprised of feedback previous editions. We believe we have succeeded in meeting from our colleagues, friends, and mentors who regularly treat your expectations with a dependable and durable resource for equine emergencies. all your equine emergencies. We know that all reference Here are some of the highlights of the fourth edition: books have limitations and that “best practices” come from • Every page was planned, reviewed, and reorganized in past and repeated experiences; we hope that this textbook an easy-to-understand format. provides you with the information you need on a daily basis. • Many new figures have been added to this edition, and After you have had a chance to become “comfortable” with the existing figures have been redrawn for clarity and this edition and see and read the revisions and new changes, usability to aid in illustrating key points. please share with us your comments. Thanks to everybody • 18 new chapters include topics covering hyperbaric who has spoken, written, or e-mailed us and to all who have oxygen therapy, venous cut-down, critical care moni- contributed in a large or small way to the fourth edition. toring, quick reference treatment protocols for the most common emergency conditions, newer imaging James A. Orsini techniques, emergency foaling, problems unique to Thomas J. Divers x
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