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Epistemology: The Key Thinkers PDF

265 Pages·2012·2.76 MB·English
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Epistemology: The Key Thinkers 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd ii 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3355 PPMM Continuum Key Thinkers The Key Thinkers series is aimed at undergraduate students and offers clear, concise and accessible edited guides to the key thinkers in each of the central topics in philosophy. Each book offers a comprehensive overview of the major thinkers who have contributed to the historical development of a key area of philosophy, providing a survey of their major works and the evolution of the central ideas in that area. Key Thinkers in Philosophy available now from Continuum: Aesthetics , edited by Alessandro Giovannelli Ethics , edited by Tom Angier Philosophy of Religion , edited by Jeffrey J. Jordan Philosophy of Science, edited by James Robert Brown 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iiii 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3366 PPMM Epistemology: The Key Thinkers Edited by Stephen Hetherington 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iiiiii 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3366 PPMM Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London SE1 7NX New York NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © Stephen Hetherington and Contributors, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. EISBN: 978-1-4411-1783-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Epistemology : the key thinkers / [compiled by] Stephen Hetherington. p. cm. – (Key thinkers) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-0345-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4411-5396-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4411-1783-0 (ebook pdf: alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4411-9435-0 (ebook epub: alk. paper) 1. Knowledge, Theory of – History. 2. Philosophers – Biography. I. Hetherington, Stephen Cade. II. Title. III. Series. BD161.E64 2012 121.09–dc23 2011031388 Typeset Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in India 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iivv 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3366 PPMM Contents Notes on Contributors v ii 1. Epistemology’s Past Here and Now 1 Stephen Hetherington 2. Plato’s Epistemology 2 9 Nicholas D. Smith 3. Aristotle on Knowledge 50 Robert Bolton and Alan Code 4. Ancient Scepticism 72 Gisela Striker 5. The Epistemology of Descartes 90 Desmond M. Clarke 6. Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Epistemology 111 P. J. E. Kail 7. Kant and Kantian Epistemology 1 31 Melissa McBay Merritt and Markos Valaris 8. American Pragmatism: Fallibilism and Cognitive Progress 1 53 Christopher Hookway 9. Wittgenstein on Knowledge 172 Paul Snowdon 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vv 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3366 PPMM vi Contents 10. Quine, Goldman and Two Ways of Naturalizing Epistemology 193 Ram Neta 1 1. In Gettier’s Wake 2 14 John Turri 12. Epistemology’s Future Here and Now 2 30 Stephen Hetherington Index 2 41 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vvii 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3377 PPMM Notes on Contributors Robert Bolton, Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers University, USA Desmond M. Clarke, Member of the Royal Irish Academy, and Professor (Emeritus) of Philosophy, University College, Cork, Ireland Alan Code, Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University, USA Stephen Hetherington, Professor of Philosophy, University of New South Wales, Australia Christopher Hookway, Professor of Philosophy, University of Sheffield, UK P. J. E. Kail, University Lecturer in the History of Modern Philosophy, St Peter’s College, University of Oxford, UK Melissa McBay Merritt, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of New South Wales, Australia Ram Neta, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Nicholas D. Smith, James F. Miller Professor of Humanities, Lewis and Clark College, USA Paul Snowdon, Grote Professor of Mind and Logic, University College London, UK Gisela Striker, Walter C. Klein Professor (Emerita) of Philosophy and of the Classics, Harvard University, USA John Turri, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Waterloo, Canada Markos Valaris, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of New South Wales, Australia 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vviiii 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3377 PPMM 99778811444411110033445511__PPrree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vviiiiii 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::3377 PPMM CHAPTER 1 EPISTEMOLOGY’S PAST HERE AND NOW Stephen Hetherington 1. Key components Epistemology’s history is one of . . . what? Thinkers? Yes, at least that: hence this book’s title. And then, through those thinkers, what other keys will unlock epistemology’s past? Should we conceive of that his- tory as a sequence, possibly a progression, of important ideas or con- cepts? What of pivotal theses and theories? Arguments and objections? Might notable problems and challenges have been driving epistemology from at least some times to other times? Must general traditions and overarching ways of thinking also be mentioned? Possibly all of these have mattered. But which thinkers – and which ideas, concepts, theses, etc. – have mattered most? Who and what have been epistemology’s most influential forces? This book will help to clarify and answer that question. 2. Knowledge: epistemology’s subject matter? What have those ideas, concepts, theses, and so on – the tools used by epistemology’s key thinkers – been a bout ? What has been epistemol- ogy’s subject matter? Has it stayed constant over the centuries? Or have there been shifts of focus and emphasis? 99778811444411110033445511__CChh0011__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd 11 1122//2277//22001111 33::1199::5555 PPMM

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Exploring what great philosophers have written about the nature of knowledge and about how we know what we know, this is a concise and accessible introduction to the field of epistemology. Epistemology: The Key Thinkers tells the story of how epistemological thinking has developed over the centuries
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