Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction: Morphogenesis, symbolic dynamics and beyond PDF
Preview Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction: Morphogenesis, symbolic dynamics and beyond
Theory and Decision Library A Arturo Carsetti Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction Morphogenesis, Symbolic Dynamics and Beyond Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction THEORYANDDECISIONLIBRARY GeneralEditor:JulianNida-Ru¨melin(Universita¨tMu¨nchen) SeriesA:RationalChoiceinPracticalPhilosophyandPhilosophyofScience SeriesB:MathematicalandStatisticalMethods SeriesC:GameTheory,MathematicalProgrammingandOperationsResearch SERIESA:RATIONALCHOICEINPRACTICALPHILOSOPHY ANDPHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCE VOLUME45 AssistantEditor:MartinRechenauer(Universita¨tMu¨nchen) Editorial Board: Raymond Boudon (Paris), Mario Bunge (Montre´al), Franz Dietrich (Paris & EastAnglia),StephanHartmann(Tilburg),MartinvanHees(Amsterdam),IsaacLevi(NewYork), RichardV.Mattessich(Vancouver),BertrandMunier(Cachan),OlivierRoy(Mu¨nchen),Amartya K.Sen(Cambridge), BrianSkyrms(Irvine), WolfgangSpohn(Konstanz), KatieSteele(London SchoolofEconomics) Scope: This series deals with practical and social philosophy and also foundational issues in philosophy of science in general that rely on methods broadly based on rational choice. The emphasis intheSeriesAisonwell-argued, thoroughly analyticalandphilosophical rather than advancedmathematicaltreatmentsthatusemethodsfromdecisiontheory,gametheoryandsocial choice theory. Particular attention is paid to work in practical philosophy broadly conceived, thetheoryofrationality,issuesincollectiveintentionality,andphilosophyofscience,especially interdisciplinaryapproachestosocialsciencesandeconomics. Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6616 Arturo Carsetti Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction Morphogenesis, Symbolic Dynamics and Beyond 123 ArturoCarsetti Facolta`diLettereeFilosofia Universita`diRoma–TorVergata V.Lariana7 00199Roma Italy ISBN978-94-007-6012-7 ISBN978-94-007-6013-4(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-94-007-6013-4 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013934348 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) In remembranceofmy mother,nowand everywhere. In therealmof aLacemaker whoseintendedartworkallowsthe emergenceof newpossibleformsofvision andlife. Acknowledgements This book would not have been possible without a lot of help. My immediate debt is to Julian Nida Ruemelin. He encouraged me to edit this book and I have greatlybenefitedfromdiscussionswithhimontheoccasionofsomeInternational Colloquia organized in Rome by La Nuova Critica. I am also extremely grateful tothelateWernerandElisabethLeinfellnerfortheirinterestandtheirsuggestions. Thebookowesitsexistencefirstofalltotheirinvaluablehelpandencouragement. I have been helped enormously also by conversations with G. Chaitin, S.Grossberg, J. Goetschl, J. Petitot, F.M. Wuketits, D. van Dalen, G. Longo, H.Atlan,B.CooperandF.Costa. I am once again indebted to my collaborators Andrea Cataldi, Pia’t Lam and Enrica Vizzinisi for their help at the editorial level. I would like, in particular, to thank Lucy Fleet of Springer for the editorial comments and suggestions which contributedto thequalityofthe presentationofthe book.Manythanksalso tothe researchersandcolleaguesworkingattheleveloftheNationalProjectofResearch “Meaning, Truth and Incompressibility” (MIUR 2008) for their technical support andtheirfriendship. MydeepthankstomystudentsattheUniversityofRomefortheirstimulus,for theirinterestandfortheirpatience. IwillalwaysrememberthelateVittorioSomenzi,GaetanoKanizsaandValerio Tonini,myteachersandcolleagues.Ilearnedalotfromthem.Withouttheirteaching andtheirconstantfriendship,Iwouldneverhavehadthecourage,manyyearsago, toundertaketheresearchworkthatfinallyledtothepresentbook. vii Contents 1 Complexity,Self-OrganizationandNaturalEvolution.................. 1 1.1 Entropyandthe“IntermediateState”.................................. 1 1.2 AlgorithmicComplexityandSelf-Referentiality...................... 9 1.3 CellularAutomataandSelf-Organization ............................. 15 Notes........................................................................... 26 2 EmbodimentProcessesandBiologicalComputing ...................... 29 2.1 TheGameofLifeandtheAlternativeSplicing ....................... 29 2.2 TheInterfaceBetweenRulerandCoder............................... 37 2.3 TheRecipeatWork:TheRoleoftheSimulationTools attheEvolutionaryLevel............................................... 40 2.4 ReflexiveDomainsvs.Self-OrganizingDomains..................... 44 Notes........................................................................... 47 3 Randomness,SemanticInformationandLimitationProcedures ...... 49 3.1 LogicandProbability:TheRoleofConstituents...................... 49 3.2 SemanticInformationandAlgorithmicComplexity.................. 60 3.3 Surface Information vs. Depth Information: TheBiologicalComputer............................................... 66 3.4 Non-standardModelsandLimitationProcedures..................... 71 Notes........................................................................... 79 4 NaturalLanguageandBooleanSemantics:theGenesis oftheCognitiveCode........................................................ 81 4.1 IntensionalLanguageandNaturalLogic .............................. 81 4.2 LogicandOntology..................................................... 95 4.3 MeaningasUseandtheUnfoldingofCognitiveActivity ............ 100 Notes........................................................................... 105 ix
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