Epigenetics, Brain and Behavior PDF
Preview Epigenetics, Brain and Behavior
Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/2357 . Paolo Sassone-Corsi (cid:129) Yves Christen Editors Epigenetics, Brain and Behavior Editors PaoloSassone-Corsi YvesChristen SchoolofMedicine,Centerfor FondationIPSENpourla MetabolismandEpigenetics RechercheThe´rapeutique UniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine BoulogneBillancourt Irvine,California France USA ISSN0945-6082 ISBN978-3-642-27912-6 ISBN978-3-642-27913-3(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-27913-3 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012950324 #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg,Germany Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword Theabilitytostoreinformationoverlongperiodsoftimeliesattheheartofcellular identity. This cellular ‘memory’ is encoded in the specific pattern of expressed genes andallows acellto ensure that it “remembers” who it is and how it should move along elaborate pathways during cellular development and differentiation. Nerve cells become hard-wired during their differentiation, through changes that allowthemtoproperlycontrolcognitiveandbehavioralfunctions.Howcouldone relatively fixed genetic blueprint permit flexibility to accommodate variability resultingfromsignalsoriginatedfromenvironmental,dietaryandotherinfluences? Neurons are submitted to an exceptional variety of stimuli and are able to convert these into high order functions, such as storing memories, controlling behavior, and governing consciousness. These unique properties are based on the highlyflexiblenatureofneurons,acharacteristicthatiscommonlythoughttorely onthecomplexmolecularmachinerythatcontrolsgeneexpression.Whatliesatthe heart of neuronal plasticity? Accumulating evidence points to epigenetics. This wordoriginallyindicatedpotentiallyheritablemodificationsingeneexpressionthat donotinvolvechangesinDNAsequence.Todaythisdefinitionismuchlessstrict, and epigenetic control is thought to include DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone variants, microRNA metabolic pathways and non-histone proteins modifications. Thus, while neuronal plasticity is rightly thought to be intimately associated to genomic control, it is critical to appreciate that there is much more to the genome than DNA sequence, permitting variability beyond the Watson-Crick doublehelix. The multitudeof epigenetic mechanismsoperatingin all cells, but specifically in neurons, begs the question of how these may be coordinated. Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of epigenetics. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields and evidence connecting epigenetic regulation to brain functions has been accumulating. Neurons daily convert a variety of external stimuli into rapid or long-lasting changes in gene expression. A variety of studies have centered on the molecular mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control and how these may operate in concert. It will be critical to unravel how specificity is achieved. Importantly, specific modifications v vi Foreword seem to mediate both developmental processes and adult brain functions, such as synapticplasticityandmemory.Manyaspectsoftheresearchinneurosciencesand endocrinologyduringtheupcomingdecadewillbedominatedbythedecipheringof epigenetic control. The idea of the IPSEN Colloque Medecine et Recherche on ‘Epigenetics, Brain and Behavior’ held in Paris on April 18, 2011, was to indeed bringtogethersomeoftheleadersinthefieldtodiscussmostrecentdevelopments and exciting new directions. The physiological implications of epigenetic regula- tioninthecontrolofneuronalfunctionswerehighlighted,aswellastheincreasing understandingofthemolecularmechanismsthatoperatewithinneuronstotranslate epigeneticcontrolintolong-lastingneuronalresponses.Theseproceedingsconsti- tuteacompendiumofthemostupdatedviewsinthefield.Wetrustthatitwillbeof use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel the epigenetic pathways that will ultimately allow future development of specific pharmacologicalstrategiestowardsneurodegenerativepathologies. PaoloSassone-Corsi YvesChristen Contents NucleosomeRemodellingandEpigenomeDiversification. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PeterB.Becker SynapticEpigenesisandtheEvolutionofHigher BrainFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Jean-PierreChangeux PlasticityoftheCircadianSystem:LinkingMetabolismtoEpigenetic Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 LorenaAguilar-Arnal,LoredanaZocchi,SelmaMasri SayakoKatada,andPaoloSassone-Corsi EpigeneticsandtheEnvironmentalRegulationofGenomicStructure andFunction:ImplicationsforHealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 CarineI.Parent,Tie-YuanZhang,andMichaelJ.Meaney EpigeneticInheritanceinMammals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 JohannesBohacekandIsabelleM.Mansuy ControlofNeuronalGeneTranscriptionandBehaviorbytheEpigenetic SuppressorComplexG9a/GLP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 AnneSchaefer TheRoleofHistoneAcetylationinLong-Term MemoryStorage.. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 71 ShaneG.PoplawskiandTedAbel DNAMethylationinMemoryFormation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 J.DavidSweatt EpigeneticMechanismsRegulatingMemoryFormationinHealth andDisease. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. 97 Li-HueiTsai vii viii Contents GeneticsandEpigeneticsofAutismSpectrumDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . 105 ThomasBourgeron AnalysisofMeCP2FunctionintheCNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 EgeT.KavalaliandLisaM.Monteggia EpigeneticMechanismsofDrugAddiction. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 145 IanMazeandEricJ.Nestler Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Contributors Ted Abel Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 204G Carolyn LynchLaboratory,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA,[email protected] Lorena Aguilar Arnal Center for Metabolism and Epigenetics, U904 Inserm ‘Epigenetics and Neuronal Plasticity’, School of Medicine, University of California,Irvine,CA92697,USA Peter B. Becker Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Schillerstr. 44, D-80336 Munich, Germany,[email protected] JohannesBohacek BrainResearchInstitute,MedicalFacultyoftheUniversityof Zu¨rich and Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstrasse190,CH-8057Zu¨rich,Switzerland Thomas Bourgeron Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, 25rueduDocteurRoux,75015Paris,France,[email protected] Jean-Pierre Changeux De´partement de Neurosciences, Colle`ge de France, Place Marcellin Berthelot, Paris, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue de Docteur Roux, Paris, France,[email protected] Sayako Katada Center for Metabolism and Epigenetics, U904 Inserm ‘Epigenetics and Neuronal Plasticity’, School of Medicine, University of California,Irvine,CA92697,USA EgeT.Kavalali DepartmentofNeuroscienceandPsychiatry,UniversityofTexas SouthwesternMedicalCenter,Dallas,TX75390-9070,USA Selma Masri Centerfor Metabolismand Epigenetics, U904 Inserm ‘Epigenetics andNeuronalPlasticity’,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine, CA92697,USA IsabelleM.Mansuy MedicalFacultyoftheUniversityofZu¨richandDepartment of Biology, Brain Research Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstrasse190,CH-8057Zu¨rich,Switzerland,[email protected] ix
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