Table Of Content

Epidemiology VOLUME 131, 2003 SENIOR EDITOR Professor N. Noah EDITORS Dr P. Aavitsland Dr C. W. Hedberg Dr M. Bennett De F. b. Pitt Professor K. A. V. Cartwright Dr G. B. Nair Ir C. Raina MacIntyre Dr H. Watanabe Professor K. Morgan Dr T. Wreghitt EDITORIAL BOARD R. M. Anderson D. H. Lloyd C. S. Bloch T. J. Marrie N. Chanter E. Miles B. Drasar E. Miller C. Fairley P. P. Mortimer C. P. Farrington D. J. Platt K. Forbes M. E. Potter N. P. French S. Rankin D. J. Hampson R. L. Salmon S. A. Howell M. D. Smith T. J. Humphrey E. J. Threlfall A. P. Kendal M. J. Woodward J. B. Kurtz “=| CAMBRIDGE iY UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGI The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa © Cambridge University Press 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge CONTENTS No. | (FEBRUARY 2003) The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: socio-economic impact Roberts, J. A., Cumberland, P., Sockett, P. N.. Wheeler, J., Rodrigues, L. C., Sethi, D. and Roderick, P. J. on behalf of the IID Study Executive Outbreaks of typhoid fever in the United States, 1960—99 Olsen, S. J., Bleasdale, S.C., Magnano, A. R., Landrigan, C., Holland, B. H., Tauxe, R. V.. Mintz, E. D. and Luby, S. Campylobacter spp. in Icelandic poultry operations and human disease Stern, N. J., Hiett, K. L., Alfredsson, G. A., Kristinsson, K. G., Reiersen, J., Hardardottir, H., Briem, H., Gunnarsson, E., Georgsson, F., Lowman, R., Berndtson, E., Lammerding, A. M.. Paoli, G. M. and Musgrove, M. T. An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning due to low-fat milk in Japan: estimation of entero- toxin A in the incriminated milk and powdered skim milk Asao, T., Kumeda, Y., Kawai, T., Shibata, T., Oda, H., Haruki, K., Nakazawa, H. and Kozaki, S. Variation in management of community-acquired pneumonia requiring admission to Alberta, Canada hospitals Jin, Y.. Marrie, T. J., Carriere, K. C., Predy, G., Houston, C., Ness, K. and Johnson, D. H. Meningococcal disease and social deprivation: a small area geographical study in Gwent, UK Fone, D. L., Harries, J. M., Lester, N. and Nehaul, L. Genetic analysis of capsular status of meningococcal carrier isolates Sadler, F., Fox, A., Neal, K., Dawson, M., Cartwright, K. and Borrow, R. Tetanus in England and Wales, 1984-2000 Rushdy, A. A., White, J. M., Ramsay, M. E. and Crowcroft, N. S. Febrile gastroenteritis after eating on-farm manufactured fresh cheese — an outbreak of listeriosis? Carrique-Mas, J. J., HOkeberg, I., Andersson, Y.. Arneborn, M., Tham, W., Danielsson-Tham, M.-L.. Osterman, B., Leffler, M., Steen, M., Eriksson, E., Hedin, G. and Giesecke, J. No association between Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections among gastro- intestinal clinic attendees in Lima, Peru Torres, M. A., Passaro, D. J., Watanabe, J.. Parsonnet, J.. Small, P.. Miyagui, J.. Rodriquez, C., Astete, M. and Gilman, R. H. Non-specific alert system for dengue epidemic outbreaks in areas of endemic malaria. A hospital-based evaluation in Cayenne (French Guiana) Carme, B., Sobesky, M., Biard, M. H., Cotellon, P., Aznar, C. and Fontanella, J. M. Use of RT—PCR on oral fluid samples to assist the identification of measles cases during an outbreak Oliveira, S. A., Siqueira, M. M., Camacho, L. A. B., Castro-Silva, R., Bruno, B. F. and Cohen, B. J. Detection of human rotavirus serotype G6 in Hungary Banyai, K., Gentsch, J. R., Glass, R. I. and Sztics, G. Monitoring the spread of myxoma virus in rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations on the southern tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. I. Natural occurrence of myxomatosis Merchant, J. C., Kerr, P. J., Simms, N. G. and Robinson, A. J. Monitoring the spread of myxoma virus in rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations on the southern tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. II. Selection of a strain of virus for release Kerr, P. J.. Merchant, J. C., Silvers, L., Hood, G. M. and Robinson, A. J. Monitoring the spread of myxoma virus in rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations on the southern tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. III. Release, persistence and rate of spread of an identifiable strain of myxoma virus Merchant, J. C., Kerr, P. J., Simms, N. G., Hood, G. M., Pech, R. P. and Robinson, A. J. Bartonella infection in sylvatic small mammals of central Sweden Holmberg, M., Mills, J. N.. McGill, S., Benjamin, G. and Ellis, B. A. Molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. strains isolated from small rodents in Croatia Turk, N., Milas, Z., Margaletic, J., Staresina, V., Slavica, A., Riquelme-Sertour, N., Bellenger, E., Baranton, G. and Postic, D. Book Review Madkour’s Brucellosis Notes for contributors No. 2 (ApriL 2003) A national outbreak of multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 associated with consumption of lettuce Horby, P. W., O’Brien, S. J.,. Adak, G. K., Graham, C., Hawker, J. I., Hunter, P., Lane, C., Lawson, A. J., Mitchell, R. T., Reacher, M. H., Threlfall, E. J. and Ward, L. R. on behalf of the PHLS Out- break Investigation Team Environmental isolates of Citrobacter braakii that agglutinate with Escherichia coli O157 antiserum but do not possess the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of O157 somatic antigen Khan, A., Nandi, R. K., Das, S.C., Ramamurthy, T., Khanam, J., Shimizu, T., Yamasaki, S., Bhattacharya, S. K., Chaicumpa, W., Takeda, Y. and Balakrish Nair, G. Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis associated with a swimming pool inflatable Tate, D., Mawer, S. and Newton, A. FeyRIila and FeyRIItb polymorphisms were not associated with meningococcal disease in western Norway Smith, I., Vedeler, C. and Halstensen, A. Analysis of longitudinal bacterial carriage studies accounting for sensitivity of swabbing: an application of Neisseria meningitidis Trotter, C. L. and Gay, N. J. Coagulase gene variants associated with distinct populations of Staphylococcus aureus Carter, P. E., Begbie, K. and Thomson-Carter, F. M. Assessment of neonatal tetanus elimination in an African setting by lot quality assurance cluster sampling (LQA-CS) Cotter, B., Bremer, V., Stroh, G., Msambichaka, K., Mabuzane, E., Munyoro, M., Shirehwa, F., Biellik, R. and Birmingham, M. Smoking and polymorphisms of fucosyltransferase gene Le affect success of H. pylori eradication with lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin Matsuo, K., Hamajima, N., Ikehara, Y., Suzuki, T., Nakamura, T., Matsuura, A., Tajima, K. and Tyominaga, S. Audit of scope and culture techniques applied to samples for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis by hospital laboratories in England and Wales Drobniewski, F., Strutt, M., Smith, G., Magee, J. and Flanagan, P. Molecular study on human tuberculosis in three geographically distinct and time delineated populations from ancient Egypt Zink, A. R., Grabner, W., Reischl, U., Wolf, H. and Nerlich, A. G. First epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 13 among Spanish children lrallero, G., Casas, I., Avellon, A., Perez, C., Tenorio, A. and De La Loma, A. An outbreak of echovirus 13 meningitis in central Israel Somekh, E., Cesar, K., Handsher, R., Hanukoglu, A., Dalal, I., Ballin, A. and Shohat, T. A large outbreak of influenza A and B on a cruise ship causing widespread morbidity Brotherton, J. M. L., Delpech, V. C., Gilbert, G. L., Hatzi, S., Paraskevopoulos, P. D. and MacNulty, C. A. M. on behalf of the Cruise Ship Outbreak Investigation Team Economic evaluation of options for measles vaccination strategy in a hypothetical Western European country Beutels, Ph. and Gay, N. J. Improving sensitivity of oral fluid testing in IgG prevalence studies: application of mixture models to a rubella antibody survey Gay, N. J., Vyse, A. J., Enquselassie, F., Nigatu, W. and Nokes, D. J. Injections in health care settings: a risk factor for acute hepatitis B virus infection in Karachi, Pakistan Usman, H. R., Akhtar, S., Rahbar, M. H., Hamid, S., Moattar, T. and Luby, S. P. Factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 by beef suckler cows Synge, B. A., Chase-Topping, M. E., Hopkins, G. G., McKendrick, I. J., Thomson-Carter, F., Gray, D., Rusbridge, S. M., Munro, F. I., Foster, G. and Gunn, G. J. Prevalence and characterization of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy sheep and goats Orden, J. A., Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria, J. A., Blanco, M., Blanco, J. E.. Mora, A., Cid, D., Gonzalez, E. A., Blanco, J. and de la Fuente, R. A one-year study of campylobacter carriage by individual Danish broiler chickens as the basis for selection of Campylobacter spp. strains for a chicken infection model Bang, D. D., Nielson, E. M., Knudsen, K. and Madsen, M. Clinical, epidemiological and molecular characteristics of Streptococcus uberis infections in dairy herds Zadoks, R. N., Gillespie, B. E., Barkema, H. W., Sampimon, O. C., Oliver, S. P. and Schukken, Y. H. Book Review Communicable Disease Control Handbook No. 3 (JUNE 2003) A case-control study of risk factors for sporadic campylobacter infections in Denmark Neimann, J., Engberg, J.. Molbak, K. and Wegener, H. C. Point source outbreaks of Campylobacter jejuni infection — are they more common than we think and what might cause them? The Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Collaborators Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry and humans in Styria, Austria: epidemiology and ciprofloxacin resistance Hein, I., Schneck, C., Knégler, M., Feierl, G., Pless, P., K6fer, J.. Achmann, R. and Wagner, M. A national outbreak of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage types 5c and 6a associated with Chinese food businesses in Scotland, summer 2000 Cowden, J., Hamlet, N., Locking, M. and Allardice, G. Prevalence and serodiversity of the pandemic clone among the clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in southern Thailand Laohaprertthisan, V., Chowdhury, A., Kongmuang, U., Kalnauwakul, S., Ishibashi, M., Matsumoto, C. and Nishibuchi, M. A major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone predominates in Malaysian hospitals Norazah, A., Lim, V. K. E., Rohani, M. Y., Alfizah, H., Koh, Y. T. and Kamel, A. G. M. Sibling familial risk ratio of meningococcal disease in UK Caucasians Haralambous, E., Weiss, H. A., Radalowicz, A.. Hibberd, M. L., Booy, R. and Levin, M. A mathematical model for evaluating the impact of vaccination schedules: application to Neisseria meningitidis Tuckwell, H. C., Hanslik, T., Valleron, A.-J. and Flahault, A. Laboratory surveillance of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens in The Netherlands, 1991-2001 van Pelt, W., de Wit, M.A.S., Wannet, W.J.B., Ligtvoet, E.J.J., Widdowson, M.A. and van Duynhoven, Y. T. H. P. Prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children in South Australia Heyworth, J. S., Baghurst, P. and McCaul, K. A. The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study of England: a prospective evaluation of symptoms and health care use after an acute episode Cumberland, P., Sethi, D., Roderick, P. J., Wheeler, J. G., Cowden, J. M., Roberts, J. A.. Rodrigues, L. C., Hudson, M. J. and Tompkins, D. S. on behaolf fth e IID Study Executive Milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease, England and Wales, 1992-2000 Gillespie, I. A., Adak, G. K., O’Brien, S. J. and Bolton, F. J. Outbreaks of infectious disease associated with private drinking water supplies in England and Wales 1970-2000 Said, B., Wright, F., Nichols, G. L., Reacher, M. and Rutter, M. Risk factors for drug resistant tuberculosis in Leicestersh—ip roeo r adherence to treatment remains an important cause of resistance Pritchard, A. J., Hayward, A. C., Monk, P. N. and Neal, K. R. A novel multiplex-PCR for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium bovis in clinical isolates of both veterinary and human origin Cobos-Marin, L., Montes-Vargas, J.. Rivera-Gutierrez, S., Licea-Navarro, A., Gonzalez-Y-Merchand, J. A. and Estrada-Garcia, I. The effect of C. burnetii infection on the quality of life of patients following an outbreak of Q fever Hatchette, T. F.. Hayes, M., Merry, H., Schlech, W. F. and Marrie, T. J. Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in a forensic population of rapists and child molesters Giotakos, O., Bourtsoukli, P., Paraskeyopoulou, T., Spandoni, P., Stasinos, S.. Boulougouri, D. and Spirakou, | Genotypes of hepatitis C virus circulating in Tunisia Djebbi, A., Triki, H.. Bahri, O., Cheikh, I., Sadraoui, A.. Ben Ammar, A. and Dellagi, K. Seroepidemiology of measles in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for control through vaccination Enquselassie, F., Ayele, W., Dejene, A., Messele, T., Abebe, A., Cutts, F. T. and Nokes, D. J. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of co-circulating influenza A/H3N2 virus variants in children: Houston, Texas, 1997-8 O’Donnell, F. T., Munoz, F. M., Atmar, R. L., Hwang, L. Y., Demmler, G. J. and Glezen, W. P. Immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using truncated nucleoproteins of Reston Ebola virus Ikegami, T., Saijo, M., Nukura, M., Miranda, M. E., Calaor, A. B., Hernandez, M., Manalo, D. L.. Kurane, I., Yoshikawa, Y. and Morikawa, S. Transmission of bovine herpesvirus | within and between herds on an island with a BHV1 control programme Hage, J. J., Schukken, Y. H., Schols, H., Maris-Veldhuis, M. A., Rijsewiyk, F. A. M. and Klaassen, (2 8t. 1. The potential role of wild rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants Daniels, M. J., Henderson, D., Greig, A., Stevenson, K., Sharp, J. M. and Hutchings, M. R. The risk of disease transmission to livestock posed by contamination of farm stored feed by wildlife excreta Daniels, M. J.. Hutchings, M. R. and Greig, A. Changing prevalent T serotypes and emm genotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS) patients in Japan Ikebe, T., Murai, N., Endo, M., Okuno, R., Murayama, S., Saitoh, K., Yamai, S., Suzuki, R., Isobe, J., Tanaka, D., Katsukawa, C., Tamaru, A., Katayama, A., Fujinaga, Y., Hoashi, K., Ishikawa, J., Watanabe, H. and The Working Group for Group A Streptococci in Japan No. 4 (AuGust 2003) REVIEW ARTICLE. Implications for Northern Europe of the emergence of West Nile virus in the USA Gould, E. A. Incidence of gastroenteritis in Norway — a population-based survey Kuusi, M., Aavitsland, P., Gondrosen, B. and Kapperud, G. Factors associated with the serological prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Greek finishing swineherds Leontides. L. S., Grafanakis, E. and Genigeorgis, C. Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1b and 6a isolates in Portugal Soares, A. R. and Machado, J. Survey of Vibrio cholerae O1 and its survival over the winter in marine water of Port of Osaka Miyagi, K., Nakano, T., Yagi, T., Hanafusa, M., Imura, S., Honda T., Nakano, Y. and Sano, K. Peak occurrences of ciguatera fish poisoning precede cholera outbreaks in Hong Kong Kwan, L. C., Cheung, D. K. F. and Kam, K. M. Case—control study of the association between kava use and pneumonia in eastern Arnhem Land Aboriginal communities (Northern Territory, Australia) Clough, A. R., Wang, Z., Bailie, R. S., Burns, C. B. and Currie, B. J. Real-time application of automated ribotyping and DNA macrorestriction analysis in the setting of a listeriosis outbreak Inglis, T. J Clair, A., Sampson, J., O’reilly, L., Vandenberg, S., Leighton, K. and Watson, A. Repeat capture—recapture studies as part of the evaluation of the surveillance of Legionnaires’ disease in France Nardone, A., Decludt, B., Jarraud, S., Etienne, J., Hubert, B., Infuso, A., Gallay, A. and Desenclos, J.-C. Children at risk of giardiasis in Auckland: a case-control analysis Hoque, M. E., Hope, V. T., Scragg, R. and Kjellstrém, T. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from human stool samples in Switzerland Fretz, R., Svoboda, P., Ryan, U. M., Thompson, R. C. A., Tanner, M. and Baumgartner, A. Estimating the sensitivity and specificity of matching name-based with non-name-based case registries Etkind, P., Tang, Y., Whelan, M., Ratelle, S., Murphy, J.. Sharnprapai, S. and Demaria, A. Use of hospitalization and pharmaceutical prescribing data to compare the prevaccination burden of varicella and herpes zoster in Australia MacIntyre, C. R., Chu, C. P. and Burgess, M. A. Clinical and laboratory presentation of EBV positive infectious mononucleosis in young adults Grotto, I., Mimouni, D., Huerta, M., Mimouni, M., Cohen, D., Robin, G., Pitlik, S. and Green, M. S. Sero-epidemiology of mumps in western Europe Nardone, A., Pebody, R. G., van den Hof, S., Levy-Bruhl, D., Plesner, A. M., Rota, M. C., Tischer, A., Andrews, N., Berbers, G., Crovari, P., Edmunds, W. J., Gabutti, G., Saliou, P. and Miller, E. Antibodies against mumps in The Netherlands as assessed by indirect ELISA and virus neutralization assay Van den Hof, S., Beaumont, M. T. A., Berbers, G. A. M. and De Melker, H. E. Contribution of second stool specimen to increased sensitivity of poliovirus detection in India, 1998-2000 Kohler, K. A., Deshpande, J. M., Gary Jr., H. E., Banerjee, K., Zuber, P. L. F. and Hlady, W. G. Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults Cox, M. J. and Medley, G. F. A school outbreak of Norwalk-like virus: evidence for airborne transmission Marks, P. J., Vipond, I. B., Regan, F. M., Wedgwood, K., Fey, R. E. and Caul, E. O. A Norwalk-like virus waterborne community outbreak in a Swedish village during peak holiday season Carrique-Mas, J., Andersson, Y., Petersen, B., Hedlund, K.-O., Sjégren, N. and Giesecke, J. An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with consumption of raw blueberries Calder, L., Simmons, G., Thornley, C., Taylor, P., Pritchard, K., Greening, G. and Bishop, J. A special risk group for hepatitis E infection: Turkish agricultural workers who use untreated waste water for irrigation Ceylan, A., Ertem, M., Ilcin, E. and Ozekinci, T. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control Abebe, A., Nokes, D. J., Dejene, A., Enquselassie, F., Messele, T. and Cutts, F. T. Prevalence of blood-borne viral hepatitis in different communities in Yemen Sallam, T. A., Tong, C. Y. W., Cuevas, L. E., Raja’a, Y. A., Othman, A. M. and Al-Kharsa, K. R. Molecular and antigenic characterization of rabies viruses from Iran identifies variants with distinct epidemiological origins Nadin-Davis, S. A., Simani, S., Armstrong, J., Fayaz, A. and Wandeler, A. I. Adult Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua at high risk of severe disease caused by malaria Baird, J. K., Basri, H., Weina, P., Maguire, J. D., Barcus, M. J., Picarema, H., Elyazar, I. R. F., Ayomi, E. and Sekartuti Bacterial infection in exacerbated COPD with changes in sputum characteristics Monso, E., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Soler, N., Farrero, E., Felez, M. A., Anto, J. M. and Torres, A., for the EFRAM Investigators Book Reviews Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Source 805 Probiotics and Prebiotics 806 Erratum Epidemiol. Infect. 130 (2003) 207-219 Carter, P. E., Begbie, K. and Thomson-Carter, F. M. No. 5 (OcTOBER 2003) The use of the case-crossover design in a continuous common source food-borne outbreak Haegebaert, S., Duche, L. and Desenclos, J. C. 809 Virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups O127 and O142 Ghilardi, A. C. R., Gomes, T. A. T., Elias, W. P. and Trabulsi, L. R. Molecular epidemiology of group B streptococci in Ireland: associations between serotype, invasive status and presence of genes encoding putative virulence factors Dore, N., Bennett, D., Kaliszer, M., Cafferkey, M. and Smyth, C. J. Legionella in the veterans healthcare system: report of an eight-year survey Kelly, A. A., Danko, L. H., Kralovic, S. M., Simbartl, L. A. and Roselle, G. A. Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in healthy individuals in Lega Robi village, Ethiopia Beyene, D., Aseffa, A., Harboe, M., Kidane, D., MacDonald, M., Klatser, P. R., Bjune, G. A. and Smith, W. C. S. Forecasting the geographical spread of smallpox cases by air travel Grais, R. F., Ellis, J. H. and Glass, G. E. Socio-demographic characteristics and sex practices related to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in Mexican and Central American female sex workers Uribe-Salas, F., Conde-Glez, C. J., Juarez-Figueroa, L. and Hernandez-Castellanos, A. Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain Vicente, D., Montes, M., Cilla, G., Perez-Yarza, E. G. and Perez-Trallero, E. Primary human herpesvirus-6 and -7 infections, often coinciding, misdiagnosed as measles in children from a tropical region of Brazil Oliveira, S. A., Turner, D. J.. Knowles, W., Nascimento, J. P., Brown, D. W. G. and Ward, K.N. Serodiagnosis of Japanese encephalitis among Nepalese patients by the particle agglutination assay Pandey, B., Yamamoto, A., Morita, K., Kurosawa, Y., Rai, S., Adhikari, S., Kandel, P. and Kurane, I. A continuing high incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea Takasu, T., Mgone, J. M., Mgone, C. S., Miki, K.. Komase, K., Namae, H., Saito, Y.. Kokubun, Y.., Nishimura, T., Kawanishi, R., Mizutani, T., Markus, T. J., Kono, J., Asuo, P. G. and Alpers, M. P. 887 Risk factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis in pre-school children in the city of Salvador, Brazil Prado, M. S., Strina, A., Barreto, M. L., Marlucia Oliveira-Assis, Livia Maria Paz and Cairncross, S$. 899 Blastomycosis in Missouri: epidemiology and risk factors for endemic disease Cano, M. V., Ponce-de-Leon, G. F., Tippen, S., Lindsley, M. D., Warwick, M. and Hajjeh, R. A. 907 Distribution of Campylobacter jejuni Penner serotypes in broiler flocks 1998-2000 in a small Danish community with special reference to serotype 4-complex Wedderkopp, A., Nielsen, E. M. and Pedersen, K. Correlation between geographic distance and genetic similarity in an international collection of bovine faecal Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates Davis, M. A., Hancock, D. D., Besser, T. E., Rice, D. H., Hovde, C. J., Digiacomo, R., Samadpour, M. and Call, D. R. Diversity and stability of the Staphylococcus intermedius flora in three bitches and their puppies Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L. E. M., Myllys, V. and Lloyd, D. H. Molecular typing of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica serotype A1 isolates from cattle in Japan Katsuda, K., Kohmoto, M., Kawashima, K., Tsunemitsu, H., Tsuboi, T. and Eguchi, M. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Israeli dairy cattle Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Friedman, S. and Perl, S. The infection rate of Daphnia magna by Pasteuria ramosa conforms with the mass-action principle Regoes, R. R., Hottinger, J. W., Sygnarski, L. and Ebert, D. Molecular epidemiological study of Brachyspira pilosicoli in Finnish sow herds Fossi, M., Pohjanvirta, T. and Pelkonen, S. The seroepidemiology of Lyme borreliosis in zoo animals in Germany Stoebel, K., Schoenberg, A. and Streich, W. J. Leptospiral carrier state and seroprevalence among animal population — a cross-sectional sample survey in Andaman and Nicobar Islands Sharma, S., Vijayachari, P., Sugunan, A. P. and Sehgal, S. C. Design-based analysis of surveys: a bovine herpesvirus I case study Speybroeck, N., Boelaert, F., Renard, D., Burzykowski, T., Mintiens, K., Molenberghs, G. and Berkvens, D. L. Comparison of the transmission characteristics of low and high pathogenicity avian influenza A virus (HSN2) Van der Goot, J. A., De Jong, M. C. M., Koch, G. and Van Boven, M. 1003 Dynamics of a scrapie outbreak in a flock of Romanoy sheep — estimation of transmission parameters Hagenaars, T. J., Donnelly, C. A., Ferguson, N. M. and Anderson, R. M. 1015 Screening for West Nile virus infections of susceptible animal species in Austria Weissenbock, H., Hubalek, Z., Halouzka, J., Pichlmair, A., Maderner, A., Fragner, K., Kolodziejek, J., Loupal, G., Kolbl, S. and Nowotny, N. No. 6 (DECEMBER 2003) REVIEW ARTICLE. European bat lyssaviruses: an emerging zoonosis Fooks, A. R., Brookes, S. M., Johnson, N., McElhinney, L. M. and Hutson, A. M. 1029 Fresh garlic: a possible vehicle for Salmonella Virchow Bennett, C. M., Dalton, C., Beers-Deeble, M., Milazzo, A., Kraa, E.. Davos, D., Puech, M., Tan, A. and Heuzenroeder, M. W. An outbreak of pertussis among young Israeli soldiers Klement, E., Uliel, L., Engel, 1., Hasin, T., Yavzori, M., Orr, N., Davidovitz, N., Lahat, N., Srugo, I., Zangvil, E. and Cohen, D. 1049 Outbreaks of Escherichia coli 0157 infections at multiple county agricultural fairs: a hazard of mixing cattle, concession stands and children Crump A. John, Braden R. Christopher, Dey E. Meghan, Michael Hoekstra, R., Rickelman-Apisa M. Janet, Baldwin A. David, De Fijter J. Sietske, Nowicki F. Scott, Koch M. Elizabeth, Bannerman L. Tammy, Smith W. Forrest, Sarisky P. John, Natasha Hochberg and Mead S. Paul Investigation of an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection caused by environmental exposure at a scout camp Howie, H., Mukerjee, A., Cowden, J., Leith, J. and Reid, T. 1063 Tuberculosis is still a major cause of cervical lymphadenopathies in adults from developing countries Hernandez-Solis, A., Cicero-Sabido, R., Olivera, H., Rivero, V., Ramirez, E. and Escobar-Gutierrez, A. SHORT REPORT. Effect of clinical and socio-economic factors on the rate of clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Elche (Spain) Ruiz, M., Navarro, J. F.. Rodriguez, J. C., Larrosa, J. A. and Royo, G. The seroepidemiology and transmission dynamics of varicella in Australia Gidding, H. F., MacIntyre, C. R., Burgess, M. A. and Gilbert, G. L. Community-based estimates of incidence and risk factors for childhood pneumonia in Western Sydney MacIntyre, C. R., McIntyre, P. B. and Cagney, M. Community-acquired Legionnaires’ Disease in Nottingham — too many cases? Lim, W. S., Slack, R., Goodwin, A., Robinson, J., Lee, J. V., Joseph, C. and Neal, K. A large infantile gastroenteritis outbreak in Albania caused by multiple emerging rotavirus genotypes Villena, C., Gabrieli, R., Pinto, R. M., Guix, S., Donia, D., Buonomo, E., Palombi, L., Cenko, F., Bino, S., Bosch, A. and Divizia, M. Natural history of chronic viral hepatitis in southern Italy: epidemiological changes since the introduction of the anti-HCV test Parrilli, G., Orsini, L., Stranges, S., Cimino, L., Abazia, C., Scalice, E.. Manguso, F., Farinaro, E. and Budillon, G. The relationship between HIV seroconversion illness, HIV test interval and time to AIDS in a seroconverter cohort Tyrer, F., Walker, A. S., Gillett, J. and Porter, K., for the UK Register of HIV Seroconverters Human herpesvirus-8 antibodies and DNA in HIV-1 infected patients in South Africa Alagiozoglou, L., Morris, L., Bredell, H., Martin, D. J. and Sitas, F. Serological responses to Cryptosporidium antigens among users of surface- vs. ground-water sources Frost, F. J.. Kunde, T. R., Muller, T. B., Craun, G. F., Katz, L. M., Hibbard, A. J. and Calderon, R. L. Acarological risk of exposure to agents of tick-borne zoonoses in the first recognized Italian focus of Lyme borreliosis Mannelli, A., Boggiatto, G., Grego, E., Cinco, M., Murgia, R., Stefanelli, S.. De Meneghi, D. and Rosati, S. Risk factors and the prevalence of leptospirosis infection in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico Leal-Castellanos, C.B., Garcia-Suarez, R., Gonzalez-Figueroa, E., Fuentes-Allen, J.L. and Escobedo-De la Pena, J. Prognostic factors for the long-term development of ocular lesions in 327 children with congenital toxoplasmosis Binquet, C., Wallon, M., Quantin, C., Kodjikian, L., Garweg, J., Fleury, J.. Peyron, F. and Abrahamowicz, M. Routes for Campylobacter contamination of poultry meat: epidemiological study from hatchery to slaughterhouse Herman, L., Heyndrickx, M., Grijspeerdt, K., Vandekerchove, D., Rollier, I. and De Zutter, L. Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in raw retail chickens and imported chicken portions Wilson, I. G. The occurrence and epidemiology of Sa/monella in European pig slaughterhouses Hald, T., Wingstrand, A., Swanenburg, M., von Altrock, A. and Thorberg, B.-M. Announcement Author Index