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Epidemiology © Infection eh J VOLUME 126, 2001 SENIOR EDITOR Professor B. Drasar EDITORS Dr M. Bennett Dr T. L. Put Professor K. A. V. Cartwright Dr D. J. Platt Dr C. Fairley Dr R. L. Salmon Professor K. Morgan Dr H. Watanabe Dr C. W. Hedberg Dr T. Wreghitt MANAGING EDITOR Professor P. Morgan-Capner EDITORIAL BOARD R. M. Anderson D. H. Lloyd N. Chanter T. J. Marrie C. P. Farrington E. Miller N. P. French P. P. Mortimer D. J. Hampson S. Rankin S. A. Howell S. Rubino T. J. Humphrey M. D. Smith A. P. Kendal E. J. Threlfall J. B. Kurtz M. J. Woodward = CAMBRIDGE / UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, VIC 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 2001 Printed in the United Kingdom by the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CONTENTS No. | (FEBRUARY 2001) Editorial The first 100 years Epidemiological studies of the human and animal Sa/monella Typhimururium DT104 and DT104b isolates in Ireland Murphy, T. M., McNamara, E., Hill, M., Rooney, N., Barry, J, Egan, J.,. O°Connell, A., O’Laughlin, J. and McFaddyen, S. P fimbriae, capsule and aerobactin characterize colonic resident Escherichia coli Nowrouzian, F., Adlerberth, I. and Wold, A. E. P fimbriae and aerobactin as intestinal colonization factors for Escherichia coli in Pakistani infants Nowrouzian, F., Wold, A. E. and Adlerberth, I. Molecular epidemiology of multiple drug resistant type 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia Carlisle, J. B., Gratten, M. and Leach, A. J. The effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in a high risk population measured using immunization register data Markey, P., Krause, V., Boslego, J. W., Coplan, P. M., Dargan, J. M. and Kaplan, K. M. Decreasing prevalence of helicobacter antibodies in Finland, with reference to the decreasing incidence of gastric cancer Rehnberg-Laiho, L., Rautelin, H., Koskela, P., Sarna, S., Pukkala, E., Aromaa, A, Knekt, P. and Kosunen, T. U. The effect of age and study duration of the relationship between ‘clustering’ of DNA fingerprint patterns and the proportion of tuberculosis disease attributable to recent transmission Vynnycky, E., Nagelkerke, N., Borgdorff, M. W., Van Soolingen, D., Van Embden, J. D. A. and Fine, P. E. M. A study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors associated with group A rotovirus in children Sethi, D., Cumberland, P., Hudson, M. J., Rodrigues, L. C., Wheeler, J. G., Roberts, J. A.. Tompkins, D.S., Cowden, J. M. and Roderick, P. J. Excess hospital admissions for pneumonia and influenza in persons > 65 years associated with influenza epidemics in three English health districts: 1987-95 Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. M., Brockway, C. R., Pearson, J.C. G., Hayward, A. C. and Fleming, D. M. Analysis of Japanese encephalitis epidemic in western Nepal in 1997 Akiba, T., Osaka, K., Tang, S., Nakayama, M., Yamamoto, A., Kurane, I., Okabe, N. and Umenai, T. Death rates and causes of death in cohorts of serum hepatitis patients followed up for more than 20 years Gjeruldsen, S., Abdelnoor, M., Opjordsmoen, S. and Myrvang, B. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus, HIV and human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses in injecting drug users in Tayside, Scotland, 1993-7 McIntyre, P. G., Hill, D. A., Appleyard, K., Taylor, A., Hutchinson, S. and Goldberg, D. J. Enzyme immunoassay for urogenital trichomoniasis as a marker of unsafe sexual behaviour Mason, P. R., Gregson, S., Gwanzura, L., Cappuccinelli, P., Rapelli, P. and Fiori, P. L. Trypanosoma evansi in Indonesian buffaloes: evaluation of simple models of natural immunity to infection Coen, P. G., Luckins, A. G., Davison, H. C. and Woolhouse, M. E. J. An analysis of a presumed major outbreak of pseudorabies virus in a vaccinated sow herd Van Nes, A., de Jong, M. C. M., Kersten, A. J., Kimman, T. G. and Verheijden, J. H. M. Survival of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in marine water and frequent detection of the Shiga toxin gene in marine water samples from an estuary port Miyagi, K., Omura, K., Ogawa, A., Hanafusa, M., Nakano, Y., Morimatsu, S. and Sano, K. An outbreak of E. coli 0157 infection with evidence of spread from animals to man through contamination of a private water supply Licence, K., Oates, K. R., Synge, B. A. and Reid, T. M.S. Selection bias in epidemiological studies of infectious disease using Escherichia coli and avian cellulitis as an example Singer, R.S., Atwill, E. R., Carpenter, T. E., Jeffrey, J. S., Johnson, W. O. and Hirsh, D.C. Presence of Legionellaceae in warm water supplies and typing of strains by polymerase chain reaction Zeitz, B., Wiese, J., Brengelmann, F. and Dunkelberg, H. Serological survey of parapoxvirus infection in wild ruminants in Japan in 1996-9 Inoshima, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Takahashi, T., Shino, M., Katsumi, A., Shimizu, S. and Sentsui, H. Book Review To Err Is Human No. 2 (AprRIL 2001) Environmental survey of salmonella and comparison of genotypic character with human isolates in Western Japan Murakami, K., Horikawa, K., Ito, T. and Otsuki, K. The prevalence and characterization of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and pigs in an abattoir in Hong Kong Leng, P.H. M., Yam, W. C., Ng, W. W.S. and Peiris, J. S. M. Comparison of methods to analyse imprecise faecal coliform count data from environmental samples Carabin, H., Gyorkos, T. W., Joseph, L., Payment, P. and Soto, J.C. Validation of the saliva-based H. pylori test, HeliSAL™, and its use in prevalence surveys Cockburn, M., Collett, J. and Cox, B. Distribution of aminoglycoside resistance genes in recent clinical isolates Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus avium Kobayashi, N., Mahbub Alam, Md, Nishimoto, Y., Urasawa, S., Uehara, N. and Watanabe, N. The seroepidemiology of B. pertussis infection in Catalonia, Spain Dominguez, A., Vidal, J., Plans, P. and Selleras, L. Risk factors for meningococcal disease in university halls of residence Nelson, S. J., Charlett, A., Orr, H. J., Barker, R. M., Neal, K. R., Taylor, C., Monk, P. N., Evans, M.-R. and Stuart, J. M. Investigation of an outbreak of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a simplified opa-typing method Palmer, H. M., Leeming, J. P. and Turner, A. The prevalence of diphtheria immunity in healthy population in Poland Walory, J., Grzesiowski, P. and Hryniewicz, W. Different growth rates in amoeba of genotypically related environmental and clinical Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from a thermal spa Molmert, M., Jarraud, S., Pierre Morin, J., Pernin, P., Forey, F., Reyrolle. M., Vandenesch, F.., Etienne, J. and Farge, P. A whirlpool associated outbreak of Pontiac fever at a hotel in Northern Sweden Gotz, H. M., Tegnell, A., De Jong, B., Broholm, K. A., Kuusi, M., Kallings, I. and Ekdahl, K. The seroepidemiology of measles in Western Europe De Melker, H., Pebody, R. G.. Edmunds, W. J., Lévy-Bruhl, D.. Valle, M., Rota, M. C., Salmaso, S.., Van den Hof, S., Berbers, G., Saliou, P.. Conyn-van Spaendonck, M., Crovari, P., Davidkin, I., Gabutti, G., Hesketh, L., Morgan-Capner, P., Plesner, A. M., Raux, M., Tischer, A. and Miller, E. Prognostic factors for influenza-associated hospitalization and death during an epidemic Hak, E., Verheij, Th. J. M., Van Essen, G. A., Lafeber, A. B., Grobbee, D. E. and Hoes, A. W. The magnitude of variation in temperature within a year has an effect on the seasonal variations of chickenpox incidence in Japan Kokaze, A., Yoshida, M., Sekins, Y., Ishikawa, M., Kurokochi, Y., Uchida, Y., Matsunaga, N. and Takashima, Y. Epidemiology of varicella in Slovenia over a 20-year period (1979-98) Socan, M., Kraigher, A. and Pahor, L. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection markers in Lebanese children: the need for an expanded programme on immunization Nabulsi, M. M., Araj, G. F., Nuwayhid, I., Ramadan, M. and Ariss, M. Risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwanese government employees Chang, H.C., Yu, M. W., Lu, C. F., Chiu, Y. H. and Chen, C. J. Paired city Cryptosporidium serosurvey in the southwest USA Frost, F. J., Muller, T., Craun, G. F, Calderon, R. L. and Roefer, P. A. Paracoccidioidomycosis in Columbia: an ecological study Calle, D., Rosero, D. S., Orozco, L. C., Camargo, D., Castaneda, E. and Restrepo, A. Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Chihota, C. M., Rennie, L. F.. Kitching, R. P. and Mellor, P. S. Longitudinal monitoring of the dynamics of infections due to Bartonella species in UK woodland rodents Birtles, R. J.. Hazel, S. M, Bennett, M., Brown, K., Raoult. D. and Begon, M. Errata Epidemiol. Infect. 125 (2000) 115-25 W. J. Edmunds, R. G. Pebody, H. Aggerback, et al Epidemiol. Infect. 125 (2000) 347-57 R. G. Pebody, W. J. Edmunds, M. Conyn-van-Spaedonck., et al No. 3 (JUNE 2001) Epidemiological investigation of the Central Scotland outbreak of Escherichia coli O57 infection, November to December 1996 Cowden, J. M., Ahmed, S., Donaghy, M. and Riley, A. Molecular epidemiology of endemic Clostridium difficile infection Fawley. W. N. and Wilcox, M. H. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): a community-based prevalence survey Abudu, L., Blair, I., Fraise, A. and Cheng, K. K. Detection and typing of vancomycin-resistance genes of enterococci from clinical and nosocomial surveillance specimens by multiplex PCR Eu, J. J., Pere, C. L., Chinen, T.'S., Lee, S. Y., Chen; C-H. Chang, FY. Wane, 'C. C. and Chi. W.M. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: public health implications of recent clusters in New South Wales and epidemiology of hospital admissions Muscatello, D. J., O'Grady, K.-A., Neville, K. and McAnulty, J. A large outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by a single genotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae distinct from those causing genital tract infections Mak, D. B., Smith, D. W., Harnett, G. B. and Plant, A. J. Environmental mycobacteria in northern Malawi: implications for the epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy Fine, P. E. M., Floyd, S., Stanford, J. L.. Nkhosa, P. Kasunga, A., Chaguluka, S., Warndorff, D. K.., Jenkins, P. A, Yates, M. and Ponnighaus, J. M. A statewide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales associated with swimming at public baths Puech, M. C., McAnulty, J. M., Lesjak, M., Shaw, N.. Heron, L and Watson, J. M. Emerging trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses in England and Wales (1990-9) Lamagni, T. L., Evans, B. G., Shigematsu, M. and Johnson, E. M. Comparative utility of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and gene sequencing to the molecular epidemiological investigation of a viral outbreak Goldberg. T. L.. Weigel, R. M., Hahn, E. C. and Scherba, G. Outbreak of Norwalk virus on a Caribbean island resort: application of molecular diagnostics to ascertain the vehicle of infection Brown, C. M., Cann, J. W., Simons, G., Fankhauser, R. L., Thomas, W., Parashar, U. D. and Lewis, M. J. The seroepidemiology of varicella in Italy Gabutti, G., Penna, C., Rossi, M., Salmaso, S., Rota, M. C. Bella, A., Crovari, P. and The Serological Study Group An outbreak of echovirus 11 in a children’s home Somekh, E., Shohat, T., Handsher, R. and Serour, F. Genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from milk of dairy cows with mastitis in Argentina Buzzola, F. R., Quelle, L., Gomez, M.I , Catalano, M., Steele-Moore, L., Berg, D., Gentilini, E., Denamiel, G. and Siordelli, D. O. Isolation of a non-haemadsorbing, non-cytopathic strain of African swine fever virus in Madagascar Gonzague, M., Roger, F., Bastos, A., Burger, C., Randriamparany, T., Smondack, S. and Cruciere, C. Book Reviews Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Social Support Measurement and Intervention Antibiotic Resistance, Methods and Protocols