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Epic Grief: Personal Laments in Homer's Iliad PDF

244 Pages·2004·6.264 MB·English
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Christos Tsagalis Epic Grief w DE G Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte Herausgegeben von Gustav-Adolf Lehmann, Heinz-Günther Nesselrath und Otto Zwierlein Band 70 Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Epic Grief Personal Laments in Homer's Iliad by Chris to s Tsagalis Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York © Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. ISBN 3-11-017944-X Library of Congress - Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar © Copyright 2004 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Germany Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin Acknowledgements Καιρός τοϋ σπείρειν, καιρός τοϋ θερίζειν wrote George Seferis many years ago,* but it is only now, as I write these lines, that I feel the depth of this metaphor like the good ploughman who has sown his field and eagerly awaits harvest time. I only hope that both seeds and field were good. This book began its long journey to the Homeric seas as a PhD dissertation submitted to the Classics Department of Cornell University at the end of 1997. Its present state is much different, and I feel the need to dwell for a while on the various changes done for this thorough revision. One completely new chapter ("Distance, Closeness and Mors Immatura: Common Motifs in the Iliadic Personal Laments"), has been added. Chapters 1 and 4 ("The Morphology of the Iliadic Personal Laments" and "Ars Allusiva: Intratextual Readings in the Iliadic Personal Laments") have been thoroughly revised and the appendix on Iliadic short obituaries has been considerably enriched. A chapter on the poetics of Thetis' personal lament (to appear in QUCC) and the second appendix of my thesis ("Localization and Metrical Shape of Lament Terms in the Iliad'') have been omitted. Many people have helped me improve my work in various ways. For a first acquaintance with deixis and its poetics, I would like to express my gratitude to Lucia Athanassaki and Natassa Peponi for inviting me to attend a Conference in Delphi on Deixis in Greek and Latin Literature. I also offer special thanks to two of my colleagues in Crete, Stavros Frangoulidis and Yannis Tzifopoulos, as well as to Prof. George Christodoulou in Athens, Michael Lipka and Andreas Markantonatos (to whom I owe the first part of the book's title) in Patras for their encouragement and insistence on the importance of turning this dissertation into a book. For their generosity in offering valuable criticism on this study, I would like to thank Fred Ahl, Kevin Clinton, Richard ' Γ. Σεφέρης, «Τελευταίος Σταθμός», Ημερολόγιο Καταστρώματος Β', "Ικαρος, Athens 199217. VI Acknowledgements Martin, Nanno Marinatos, Heinz-Günther Nesselrath, Philippe Rousseau and Jeff Rusten. Finally, I acknowledge a long-standing debt to Pietro Pucci, who initiated me to Homeric advanced research, both in a seminar on the Iliad during the Fall of 1994 and during the preparation for a Conference in Lausanne in May 1995. He directed my work from its first beginnings with learning, fine Italian gusto and confidence in my abilities. For almost idyllic conditions of research, I am indebted mainly to the the following libraries: Olin and Uris in Ithaca, the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, the British School, Γ École Française d' Athènes, the Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut in Athens, the Central Library of the University of Crete at Rethymnon and the Classics Library of the University of Athens. I would also like to express my gratitude to the following Publishing Houses for their permission to use material from their sources: (1) E. V. Rieu and Dominic Rieu, The Odyssey by Homer (Penguin Classics, 1946, Revised edition 1991) Copyright © 1946 by E. V. Rieu, Revised translation © the Estate of the late E. V. Rieu, and D. C. H. Rieu, 1991, and (2) approximately forty-six selections from THE ILIAD OF HOMER, transi. R. Lattimore (1951), University of Chicago Press, copy- right © 1951 by the University of Chicago. All rights reserved. On a personal level, I am truly grateful to Anna for her patience in proofreading the indexes and the bibliography, and no less for shoring me up in my hour of need. My greatest debt is of a different nature, equally important, albeit not academic. This book is, therefore, dedicated to my parents Constantinos and Mary and to my brother George for all those things that cannot be calculated, only gratefully acknowledged. C.C.T. Athens March 2004 Contents Chapter 1 Reading Madie Lament 1. Death in the Iliad 1 2. Γόοι vs Θρήνοι 2 3. Selection Criteria 8 a. Rethinking the Formula 9 b. Using Textual Markers 14 c. Thematic Typology 15 4. Types of Γόοι 16 5. Cenre and Sub-genre 17 6. Defining the Iliadic γόοι 21 7. Scope of Research 22 Chapter 2 The Typology of the Illiadic γόοι 2.1. Introductory Remarks 27 2.2. Praising Address 32 2.3. "Comparison" 36 2.4. Common fate 39 2.5. "Death-Wish" 42 2.6. Past and Present 44 2.7. Tripartite Structure 46 2.8. Ring-Composition 47 2.9. Antiphonal Element 48 Chapter 3 Introductory and Closing Formulas 3.1. Speech-formulas, speech-classification and γόος-speeches 53 3.2. Personal lament speech introductions 55 3.2.1. Single-verse introductions 55 3.2.2. Multi-verse introductions 58 3.3. Personal lament speech closures 64 VIII Contents 3.3.1. Single-verse closures 64 3.2.2. Multi-verse closures 65 3.4. Privileged Individuals and Unprivileged Chorus 68 3.4.1. Privileged Individuals 68 3.4.2. Unprivileged Chorus 72 Chapter 4 Distance, Separation and Mors Immatura: Common Motifs in the Iliadic γόοι 4.1. Distance and Separation 75 4.1.1. Dying away from one's native land 76 Verbal and Local Deixis 76 4.1.2. Bereaved parents and family 88 4.2. Closeness 90 4.2.1. Personal Deixis (I) 90 4.2.2. Personal Deixis (II) 94 4.3.3. Personal Deixis (III) 99 4.3. Mors immatura 103 4.3.1. Personal Deixis and Narratee Shift 103 4.3.2. Temporal Deixis and Point of View 105 Chapter 5 Intratextual Readings 5.1. Introductory Remarks 109 5.2. Agamemnon 112 5.3. Andromache 118 5.3.1. Iliad 6 118 5.3.2. Iliad22 129 5.3.3. Iliad24 133 5.4. Thetis 136 5.5. Briséis 139 5.6. Achilles 143 5.6.1. Iliad 18 143 5.6.2. Iliad 19 148 5.7. Priam 151 5.8. Hecuba 154 Contents IX 5.8.1. Iliad 22 154 5.8.2. Iliad 24 158 5.9. Helen 161 Conclusion 166 Appendix I Privileged and Unprivileged Dead 1. Unreported γόοι in the Iliad 171 2. The Therapeutics of Lament 174 Appendix II Short obituaries in the Iliad 1. Introductory remarks 179 2. Types of Short Obituaries 181 2.1. The Brief SO 181 2.2. The Expanded SO 182 3. Iliadic γόοι between mirroring and deflecting 188 Table 1 51 Table 2 112 Bibliography Editions, Commentaries, Concordances, Grammars, Léxica 193 Works Cited 195 Indexes General Index 219 Index of Homeric Passages 222 Index of Greek Words 229

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