Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices PDF
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2002 Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices Mine Ekenler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theAgricultural Science Commons,Agriculture Commons,Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and theBiochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Ekenler, Mine, "Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices " (2002).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 510. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/510 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please [email protected]. 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ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices by Mine Ekenler A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Soil Science (Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry) Program of Study Committee: M.A. Tabatabai, Major Professor Richard M. Cruse Thomas E. Fenton Anthony L. Pometto III Louisa B.Tabatabai Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2002 UMI Number: 3073445 UMI8 UMI Microform 3073445 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ii Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation of Mine Ekenler has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University Signature was redacted for privacy. Major Professor Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Program iii DEDICATION To my parents: Muzaffer and Giillu Ekenler and My son: Deniz Jason Ekenler-Borges IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT viii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Organization of Dissertation 5 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Soil Enzymes 7 Sources and States of Enzymes in Soils 8 Types of Enzymes in Soils 12 Glycosidases 14 Arylamidase 17 Amidohydrolases 19 Phosphatases 22 Arylsulfatase 24 Soil Health and Quality 25 Effects of Management Practices on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities 29 Effects of liming on enzyme activities 29 Effects of cropping systems and N fertilization on enzyme activities 32 Effects tillage and residue management on enzyme activities 33 Nitrogen Mineralization 35 Indexes of available nitrogen 35 References 41 V CHAPTER 3. EFFECTS OF LIMING AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND GLYCOSIDASES IN SOILS 65 Abstract 65 Introduction 67 Materials and Methods 71 Results 76 Discussion 79 Conclusions 85 References 86 CHAPTER 4. ARYLAMIDASE AND AMIDOHYDROLASES IN SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS 107 Abstract 107 Introduction 108 Materials and Methods 113 Results 116 Discussion 119 Conclusion 123 References 125 CHAPTER 5. RESPONSES OF PHOSPHATASES AND ARYLSULFATASE IN SOILS TO LIMING AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS 139 Abstract 139 Introduction 141 Materials and Methods 145 Results 147 Discussion 151 vi Conclusions 155 References 156 CHAPTER 6. (3-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY OF SOILS: EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NITROGEN MINERALIZATION 172 Abstract 172 Introduction 173 Materials and Methods 176 Results 180 Discussion 182 References 186 CHAPTER 7. EFFECTS OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON p-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY IN SOILS 204 Abstract 204 Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion 205 References 212 CHAPTER 8. TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON p-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY IN SOILS 220 Abstract 220 Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion 221 References 231 CHAPTER 9. p-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY AS AN INDEX OF NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOILS 239 Abstract 239 Introduction 240
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