Envisioning Others: Race, Color, and the Visual in Iberia and Latin America

384 Pages·2016·15.168 MB·English

by  Pamela A. Patton (ed.)

Envisioning Others
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The Medieval and
Early Modern Iberian World
(Formerly Medieval Iberian Peninsula)
Edited by
Larry J. Simon (Western Michigan University)
Gerard Wiegers (University of Amsterdam)
Arie Schippers (University of Amsterdam)
Isidro J. Rivera (University of Kansas)
Mercedes García-Arenal (cchs/csic)
VOLUME 62
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/memi
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Envisioning Others
Race, Color, and the Visual in Iberia and
Latin America
Edited by
Pamela A. Patton
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Cover illustration: Unknown artist, Portrait of Mary Sabina, c. 1740–45, oil on canvas, 66 × 56 cm.
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Acquisition funded by a private donor.
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issn 1569-1934
isbn 978-90-04-26917-0 (hardback)
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Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Contents
Acknowledgements vii
List of Illustrations viii
List of Contributors xii
Introduction: Race, Color, and the Visual in Iberia and
Latin America 1
Pamela A. Patton
1 The Black Madonna of Montserrat: An Exception to Concepts of
Dark Skin in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia? 18
Elisa A. Foster
2 Visualizing Black Sanctity in Early Modern Spanish
Polychrome Sculpture 51
Erin Kathleen Rowe
3 The Color of Salvation: The Materiality of Blackness in Alonso de
Sandoval’s De instauranda Aethiopum salute 83
Grace Harpster
4 Imagined Transformations: Color, Beauty, and Black Christian
Conversion in Seventeenth-Century Spanish America 111
Larissa Brewer-García
5 White or Black? Albinism and Spotted Blacks in the
Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World 142
Ilona Katzew
6 Making Race Visible in the Colonial Andes 187
Ananda Cohen Suarez
7 From Casta to Costumbrismo: Representations of Racialized
Social Spaces 213
Mey-Yen Moriuchi
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vi Contents
8 Tropical Dreams: Promoting Brazil in Nineteenth-Century us
Media 241
Beatriz E. Balanta
9 The Form of Race: Architecture, Epistemology, and National Identity
in Fernando Chueca Goitia’s Invariantes castizos de la arquitectura
española (1947) 266
Matilde Mateo
10 Race and the Historiography of Colonial Art 303
Charlene Villaseñor Black
Selected Bibliography 323
Index 362
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Acknowledgements
This collection grew out of a scholarly panel titled “Representations of ‘Race’ in
Iberia and the Ibero-American World,” sponsored by to the American Society
for Hispanic Art Historical Studies at the 2013 College Art Association
Conference in New York. I would like to thank both ashahs and caa for their
support of that conference session, the five original presenters for the partici-
pation in it, and those in attendance for the lively discussion that provided the
impetus to expand the original five papers into the present volume. Also due
thanks are Julian Deahl and Marcella Mulder at Brill for their early support of
the project, the collection’s anonymous reader for an astute critique of the
chapters and JoAnna Walton for her assistance with Ilona Katzew’s illustra-
tions. For my own part, I wish to dedicate this volume to the faculty and stu-
dents of the Department of Art History of Meadows School of the Arts,
Southern Methodist University, whose innovative ways of teaching and think-
ing about art, vision, and culture first provoked my exploration of the extraor-
dinary world beyond Iberia’s Finis Terrae.
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List of Illustrations
Foster
1.1 Virgin of Montserrat, in situ in the Basilica of Our Lady of Montserrat 19
1.2 Miracle of the Rocks, Illustration for Cantiga 113, Cantigas de Santa María 33
1.3 The Mother of God of Montserrat and her pilgrims. Llibre Vermell de
Montserrat 35
1.4 The Mother of God of Montserrat shows favor to her devout in her
confraternity. Llibre Vermell de Montserrat 36
1.5 Portrait of the Mother of God of Montserrat. Oil on canvas, 1599 38
1.6 The Mother of God of Montserrat on a Throne of Red Velvet. Oil on canvas,
seventeenth century 47
1.7 Virgin of Montserrat. Stained glass window from our Lady of Guadalupe
Church, Mexico City, Mexico 48
Rowe
2.1 Map of baroque images of black saints in Iberian churches 62
2.2 Map of black confraternities in early modern Spain 63
2.3 Altar of Nuestra Señora de la Salud, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Parochial church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Cádiz (Spain) 70
2.4 Saint Benedict of Palermo. Polychromed wood, mid-eighteenth century.
Parochial church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Cádiz (Spain) 73
2.5 Saint Efigenia. Polychromed wood, mid-eighteenth century.
Parochial church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Cádiz (Spain) 74
2.6 Saint Elesban. Polychrome wood sculpture, mid-eighteenth century.
Church of Our Lady of Carmel, Cádiz (Spain) 79
2.7 Saint Efigenia. Polychrome wood sculpture, mid-eighteenth century.
Church of Our Lady of Carmel, Cádiz (Spain) 79
Harpster
3.1 Portrait of Piebald Girl. Engraving in Buffon, Histoire naturelle, générale et
particulière (Paris, 1752), v. 4, Pl. ii, 568 84
3.2 Juan de Noort. Frontispiece in Alonso de Sandoval, De instauranda Aethiopum
salute. Engraving, 280 × 200 mm. (Madrid: Alonso de Paredes, 1647) 89
3.3 Alonso Sanchez Coello. Joanna of Portugal, daughter of Charles v. 1557.
Oil on canvas, 116 × 193 cm. 100
3.4 Cristóvão de Morais. Portrait de Jeanne d’Autriche 1535–1573, fille de Charles Quint 102
3.5 Peter Paul Rubens. The Large Last Judgment. 1617. Oil on canvas,
608.5 × 463.5 cm. Inv. 890 107
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