Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics: Principles, Methods, and Applications PDF
Preview Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics: Principles, Methods, and Applications
Methods in Molecular Biology 2326 Xiaoping Pan Baohong Zhang Editors Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics Principles, Methods, and Applications M M B ETHODS IN OLECULAR IO LO GY SeriesEditor JohnM.Walker School of Lifeand MedicalSciences University ofHertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK Forfurther volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651 For over 35 years, biological scientists have come to rely on the research protocols and methodologiesinthecriticallyacclaimedMethodsinMolecularBiologyseries.Theserieswas thefirsttointroducethestep-by-stepprotocolsapproachthathasbecomethestandardinall biomedicalprotocolpublishing.Eachprotocolisprovidedinreadily-reproduciblestep-by- step fashion, opening with an introductory overview, a list of the materials and reagents neededtocompletetheexperiment,andfollowedbyadetailedprocedurethatissupported with a helpful notes section offering tips and tricks of the trade as well as troubleshooting advice. These hallmark features were introduced by series editor Dr. John Walker and constitutethekeyingredientineachandeveryvolumeoftheMethodsinMolecularBiology series. Tested and trusted, comprehensive and reliable, all protocols from the series are indexedinPubMed. Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics Principles, Methods, and Applications Edited by Xiaoping Pan and Baohong Zhang Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Editors XiaopingPan BaohongZhang DepartmentofBiology DepartmentofBiology EastCarolinaUniversity EastCarolinaUniversity Greenville,NC,USA Greenville,NC,USA ISSN1064-3745 ISSN1940-6029 (electronic) MethodsinMolecularBiology ISBN978-1-0716-1513-3 ISBN978-1-0716-1514-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringerNature2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction onmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation, computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulations andthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedto betrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Cover Illustration Caption: Crude oil-dispersant mixture affected reproduction by enhancing germ cell apoptosis in Caenorhabditiselegans;arrowspointtoapoptoticcellsinthegonadofC.elegansexposedto500Xdilutionofcrude oil/dispersant. ThisHumanaimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringer Nature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:1NewYorkPlaza,NewYork,NY10004,U.S.A. Preface With rapid advancements of industrialization, agricultural productions, and urbanization, environmental pollutions have been becoming one major issue faced by humans and the ecosystem. Many toxic chemicals including emerging industrial by-products have been detectedinenvironmentalcompartmentsincludingair,soil,andwater.Studyingthedetec- tion, toxicity, and related mechanisms of environmental pollutants will provide knowledge necessarytodevelopstrategiestopreventandmanagetheirnegativeeffects.Environmental toxicologyhasbecomeapopularmajornowadays;moreandmoreresearchhasinvestigated the impacts of environmental pollution at the population (ecology and biodiversity), indi- vidual(lethalandsublethal),developmental,physiological,cellular,andmolecularlevels.To enhancethedevelopmentofthisresearchfield,itisnecessaryandimportanttohighlightthe currentmethodologyforstudyingenvironmentalpollutions. Thegoalofthisbookistoprovideanaccessiblecompendiumofup-to-datemethodsin the fields of environmental toxicology, molecular toxicology, and toxicogenomics. Rapid developmentofthesefieldsgeneratedanextensivebodyofmethodology,makingitdifficult forresearcherstofollow.Furthermore,giventhejournalrequirements,manypapersdonot focus on presenting methodology in the great detail necessary for other laboratories who wouldpotentiallyapplysimilarmethods.Collectingreliablemethodsfromworld-renowned laboratorieswillprovideanimportantresourceandsignificantlyreducethetimeandefforts requiredforseekingthesemethodsfromthescientificcommunity.Toachievethisgoal,we invitedenvironmentalscientists aroundtheworld tocontributeto thismethodologybook basedontheirexpertise. This book is organized into four major parts. The first part includes fourteen chapters presentingmethodsmainlyutilizingmodelanimalspecies,suchasnematode,fruitfly,mice, chicken,andamphibians.Thesecondpartincludesfivechaptersmainlyusingplantstostudy chemicaltoxicity.ThethirdpartincludesonechapterpresentingtheAmesassayforchemical mutagenicitystudy.Thelastpartofthisbookcollectsfivemethodchaptersforenvironmen- talchemicalanalysis.Althoughthisbookwasdividedintofourparts,allthemethodscanbe usedacrossspecies. We greatly appreciate all the authors who made excellent contributions to this book. Theirwonderfulresearchandsignificanteffortsprovidedetailedprotocolsandstrategiesfor studyingenvironmentaltoxicologyatdifferentlevelsandalsomakethisbookaveryvaluable resource for the scientific community, particularly for young scientists and graduate and undergraduate students, inspiring more research in the field of environmental toxicity, molecular toxicology, and toxicogenomics. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation to Professor John M. Walker, the Methods in Molecular Biology Series Editor, and Mr. David C. Casey and Ms. Anna Rakovsky from Springer Protocols for their invita- tion,support,andcommitmentduringthisbook’spreparation. Greenville,NC,USA XiaopingPan BaohongZhang v Contents Preface ..................................................................... v Contributors................................................................. ix PART I ANIMAL TOXICITY 1 DetectionofCaenorhabditiselegansGermCellApoptosisFollowing ExposuretoEnvironmentalContaminantMixtures:ACrude Oil-DispersantMixtureExample.......................................... 3 JosephRyanPolli,MaryFarwell,andXiaopingPan 2 High-ThroughputMeasurementforToxicEffectsofMetalMixtures inCaenorhabditiselegans................................................. 19 KathyS.XueandLiliTang 3 EvaluationsofEnvironmentalPollutant-InducedMitochondrial ToxicityUsingCaenorhabditiselegansasaModelSystem.................... 33 FuliZheng,MichaelAschner,andHuangyuanLi 4 MethodstoAssaytheBehaviorofDrosophilamelanogaster forToxicityStudy....................................................... 47 GuiranXiao 5 InvestigatingtheJointEffectsofPesticidesandUltraviolet BRadiationinXenopuslaevisandOtherAmphibians........................ 55 ShuangyingYuandMikeWages 6 IdentificationofStableReferenceGenesforToxicogenomic andGeneExpressionAnalysis ............................................ 67 XiaopingPanandBaohongZhang 7 Semi-QuantitativeRT-PCR:AnEffectiveMethodtoExplore theRegulationofGeneTranscriptionLevelAffectedbyEnvironmental Pollutants.............................................................. 95 FanWang 8 EmployingMultipleNewNeurobiologicalMethodstoInvestigate EnvironmentalNeurotoxicologyinMice................................... 105 PingCaiandHuangyuanLi 9 AnalysesofEpigeneticModificationinEnvironmental Pollutants-InducedNeurotoxicity......................................... 123 GuangxiaYu,ZhenkunGuo,andHuangyuanLi 10 TheApplicationofOmicsTechnologiesintheResearch ofNeurotoxicology ..................................................... 143 WenyaShaoandHuangyuanLi vii viii Contents 11 FlowCytofluorometricAnalysisofMolecularMechanisms ofPrematureRedBloodCellDeath....................................... 155 MohammadA.AlfhiliandMyonHeeLee 12 PracticalMethodsandTechnologiesinEnvironmentalEpidemiology......... 167 ChuanchengWu,DonghongWei,HuangyuanLi,andSiyingWu 13 InOvoEarly-in-LifeInhalationExposuretoGas/Aerosol withaChickenEmbryoModel........................................... 197 QixiaoJiang,XiaohuiXu,HaoNi,YajieGuo,JunhuaYuan, andYuxinZheng 14 DNADamageinLiverCellsoftheTilapiaFishOreochromis mossambicusLarvaInducedbytheInsecticideCyantraniliprole atSublethalDosesDuringChronicExposure .............................. 203 YongmeiFan,ChengbinXu,andWeiguoMiao PART II PLANT TOXICITY 15 ImpactofNanoparticlesonPlantGrowth,Development, andBiomass............................................................ 217 IlyaN.BoykovandBaohongZhang 16 BiochemicalandPhysiologicalToxicityofNanoparticlesinPlant ............. 225 ZhiyongZhangandBaohongZhang 17 DeterminationofOxidativeStressandAntioxidantEnzyme ActivityforPhysiologicalPhenotypingDuringHeavyMetalExposure ........ 241 SamranaZahir,FanZhang,JinhongChen,andShuijinZhu 18 ComprehensivePhytotoxicityAssessmentProtocolforEngineered Nanomaterials.......................................................... 251 LokR.Pokhrel,ChukwudiS.Ubah,andSinaFallah 19 DetectionofCadmiumToxicityinPlant................................... 267 XiaoxiaoLiu,LinaYin,ShiwenWang,andZhiyongZhang PART III MICROBE TOXICITY 20 MutagenicityEvaluationofNanoparticlesbytheAmesAssay ................ 275 XiaopingPan PART IV EXTRACTION AND DETECTION ANALYTICAL METHODS 21 DispersiveSolid-PhaseExtractionofMultiresiduePesticides inFoodandWaterSamples .............................................. 289 HongxiaGuan 22 QuantitativeAnalysisofMultiresiduePesticidesUsingGas Chromatography–MassSpectrometry ..................................... 301 QingsongCaiandHongxiaGuan 23 DeterminationoftheN-NitrosoCompoundsinMouseFollowing RDXExposure ......................................................... 315 XiaopingPan Contents ix 24 DeterminationofMetalContentinDrosophilamelanogaster DuringMetalExposure.................................................. 327 GuiranXiao 25 Microplastics:AReviewofMethodologyforSampling andCharacterizingEnvironmentalandBiologicalSamples................... 339 ChristianaH.ShoopmanandXiaopingPan Index ...................................................................... 361 Contributors MOHAMMADA.ALFHILI • ChairofMedicalandMolecularGeneticsResearch,Departmentof ClinicalLaboratorySciences,CollegeofAppliedMedicalSciences,KingSaudUniversity, Riyadh,SaudiArabia MICHAELASCHNER • DepartmentofMolecularPharmacology,AlbertEinsteinCollegeof Medicine,Bronx,NY,USA ILYAN.BOYKOV • DepartmentofBiology,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA PINGCAI • TheKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentandHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth,Fujian MedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China QINGSONGCAI • TheComplexCarbohydrateResearchCenter,UniversityofGeorgia,Athens, GA,USA JINHONGCHEN • CollegeofAgricultureandBiotechnology,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China SINAFALLAH • DepartmentofAgronomy,FacultyofAgriculture,ShahrekordUniversity, Shahrekord,Iran YONGMEIFAN • KeyLaboratoryofGreenPreventionandControlofTropicalPlantDisease andPests,MinistryofEducation,CollegeofPlantProtection,HainanUniversity,Haikou, China MARYFARWELL • DepartmentofBiology,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA HONGXIAGUAN • SchoolofScienceandTechnology,GeorgiaGwinnettCollege,Lawrenceville, GA,USA YAJIEGUO • SchoolofPublicHealth,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong,China ZHENKUN GUO • TheKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentandHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth, FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China;DepartmentofPreventiveMedicine,Schoolof PublicHealth,FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China QIXIAOJIANG • SchoolofPublicHealth,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong,China MYONHEELEE • DivisionofHematology/Oncology,DepartmentofInternalMedicine, BrodySchoolofMedicine,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA HUANGYUAN LI • TheKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentandHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth, FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China;DepartmentofPreventiveMedicine,Schoolof PublicHealth,FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China XIAOXIAOLIU • StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingontheLoess Plateau,InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciencesand MinistryofWaterResources,Yangling,Shanxi,China;UniversityoftheChineseAcademy ofSciences,Beijing,China;InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,NorthwestA&F University,Yangling,Shanxi,China WEIGUOMIAO • KeyLaboratoryofGreenPreventionandControlofTropicalPlantDisease andPests,MinistryofEducation,CollegeofPlantProtection,HainanUniversity,Haikou, China HAONI • SchoolofPublicHealth,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong,China XIAOPINGPAN • DepartmentofBiology,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA LOKR.POKHREL • DepartmentofPublicHealth,TheBrodySchoolofMedicine,East CarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA;DepartmentofHealthEducationand xi
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