Environmental psychology PDF
Preview Environmental psychology
Table of Contents Cover List of Contributors 1 Environmental Psychology 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 HISTORY OF THE FIELD 1.3 CURRENT SCOPE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIELD 1.4 MAIN RESEARCH METHODS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1.5 OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS Part I: Environmental Influences on Human Behaviour and WellBeing 2 Environmental Risk Perception 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS? 2.3 SUBJECTIVE RISK JUDGEMENTS 2.4 RISK, VALUES, AND MORALITY 2.5 EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS 2.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 3 Climate Change as a Unique Environmental Problem 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF CLIMATE CHANGE 3.3 ASSESSING THE RISK OF CLIMATE CHANGE 3.4 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 4 Environmental Stress 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF STRESS 4.3 EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS 4.4 SUMMARY GLOSSARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 5 Scenic Beauty 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 VISUAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT 5.3 THEORIES EXPLAINING LANDSCAPE PREFERENCES AS INNATE OR LEARNT 5.4 MEASURING AND MAPPING SCENIC BEAUTY 5.5 METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS 5.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 6 Health Benefits of Nature 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 WHAT IS HEALTH AND HOW CAN IT BE MEASURED? 6.3 WHAT IS NATURE AND HOW CAN IT BE MEASURED? 6.4 NATURE AND CLINICAL HEALTH 6.5 GREEN SPACE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 6.6 MECHANISMS LINKING NATURE TO HEALTH 6.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 7 Restorative Environments 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 RESTORATIVE ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH 7.3 THE EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF RESTORATIVE NATURE EXPERIENCES 7.4 RECENT THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL DEVELOPMENTS 7.5 APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 7.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 8 Ambivalence Towards Nature and Natural Landscapes 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 8.3 EMOTIONAL IMPACTS AND MEANINGS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT EXPERIENCE 8.4 VIEWS OF NATURE AND LANDSCAPE PREFERENCES 8.5 THE ROLE OF BIODIVERSITY 8.6 AN EXISTENTIALMOTIVATIONAL ACCOUNT 8.7 PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS 8.8 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 9 Human Dimensions of Wildlife 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 EARLY WORK: ATTITUDES TOWARDS WILDLIFE 9.3 THE COGNITIVE HIERARCHY 9.4 WILDLIFE VALUE ORIENTATIONS 9.5 PREDICTING NORMS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS WILDLIFE 9.6 EMOTIONS TOWARDS WILDLIFE 9.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 10 Children and the Natural Environment 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES WITH NATURE 10.3 NATURE AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH AND WELLBEING 10.4 CHILDHOOD NATURE EXPERIENCES AND ADULT ENVIRONMENTALISM 10.5 APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 10.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 11 Appraising and Designing Built Environments that Promote WellBeing and Healthy Behaviour 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 AESTHETIC APPRAISALS OF ARCHITECTURE 11.3 THREE BUILDING DESIGN APPROACHES THAT PROMOTE WELL BEING AND HEALTHY BEHAVIOUR 11.4 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 12 Urban Environmental Quality 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 URBAN SETTINGS AS A SOURCE OF STRESS AND DISCOMFORT 12.3 URBAN SETTINGS AS A SOURCE OF WELLBEING AND RESTORATION 12.4 RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION – A MULTICOMPONENT CONCEPT 12.5 A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 12.6 THE MULTIPLACE APPROACH 12.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 13 Environment and Quality of Life 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2 QoL: OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE MEASURES 13.3 QoL: UNIDIMENSIONAL AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASURES 13.4 ENVIRONMENT AND QoL: RESEARCH OVERVIEW 13.5 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 14 Place Attachment 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2 THEORIES AND MODELS OF PLACE ATTACHMENT 14.3 APPLICATIONS OF PLACE ATTACHMENT 14.4 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 15 How Cues in the Environment Affect Normative Behaviour 15.1 INTRODUCTION 15.2 OVERARCHING GOALS AND THEIR RELATIVE STRENGTHS 15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CUES THAT DIRECTLY STRENGTHEN THE NORMATIVE GOAL 15.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CUES THAT DIRECTLY WEAKEN THE NORMATIVE GOAL 15.5 INDIRECT WEAKENING OF THE NORMATIVE GOAL BY ENVIRONMENTAL CUES THAT STRENGTHEN THE GAIN GOAL 15.6 INDIRECT WEAKENING OF THE NORMATIVE GOAL BY ENVIRONMENTAL CUES THAT STRENGTHEN THE HEDONIC GOAL 15.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS Part II: Factors Influencing Environmental Behaviour 16 Measuring Environmental Behaviour 16.1 INTRODUCTION 16.2 WHAT TO MEASURE? BEHAVIOUR OR IMPACT 16.3 HOW TO MEASURE ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR? 16.4 MULTIDIMENSIONAL OR UNIDIMENSIONAL MEASURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR 16.5 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 17 Values and ProEnvironmental Behaviour 17.1 INTRODUCTION 17.2 VALUES 17.3 VALUE THEORIES 17.4 HOW VALUES AFFECT ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR 17.5 RELATED CONCEPTS 17.6 PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF VALUE RESEARCH 17.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 18 Social Norms and ProEnvironmental Behaviour 18.1 INTRODUCTION 18.2 WHAT IS A SOCIAL NORM? 18.3 HOW INFLUENTIAL ARE NORMS ON BEHAVIOUR? 18.4 WHY DO PEOPLE CONFORM TO NORMS? 18.5 WHEN DO NORMS INFLUENCE BEHAVIOUR? 18.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 19 Emotions and ProEnvironmental Behaviour 19.1 INTRODUCTION 19.2 EMOTIONS AS A MOTIVE FOR ACTION 19.3 HEDONIC AND EUDAIMONIC VIEW ON EMOTIONS 19.4 WHY PROENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR ELICITS POSITIVE EMOTIONS: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE EUDAIMONIC VIEW 19.5 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 20 Symbolic Aspects of Environmental Behaviour 20.1 INTRODUCTION 20.2 IDENTITY 20.3 IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT 20.4 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 21 Social Dilemmas 21.1 INTRODUCTION 21.2 DEFINING SOCIAL DILEMMAS 21.3 TYPES OF SOCIAL DILEMMAS 21.4 MOTIVES IN SOCIAL DILEMMAS 21.5 FACTORS PROMOTING COOPERATION 21.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 22 Theories to Explain Environmental Behaviour 22.1 INTRODUCTION 22.2 THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR 22.3 PROTECTION MOTIVATION THEORY 22.4 THE NORM ACTIVATION MODEL 22.5 THE VALUEBELIEFNORM THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTALISM 22.6 GOALFRAMING THEORY 22.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 23 The Role of Group Processes in Environmental Issues, Attitudes, and Behaviours 23.1 INTRODUCTION 23.2 WHY SHOULD ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGISTS BE INTERESTED IN GROUP PROCESSES? 23.3 HOW THE SOCIAL IDENTITY APPROACH EXPLAINS ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT 23.4 WHY SOCIAL IDENTITY GUIDES ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS 23.5 WHY SOCIAL IDENTITY CAN AFFECT COOPERATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 23.6 HOW THE SOCIAL IDENTITY APPROACH EXPLAINS ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP FORMATION 23.7 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 24 Yesterday’s Habits Preventing Change for Tomorrow? About the Influence of Automaticity on Environmental Behaviour 24.1 INTRODUCTION 24.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: HOW HABITS ARE ACQUIRED 24.3 NARROWING DOWN DECISIONMAKING: HOW HABITS AFFECT INFORMATION USE 24.4 MEASURING HABITS: A CHALLENGE FOR RESEARCH 24.5 BREAKING BAD HABITS, CREATING GOOD HABITS: INTERVENTIONS CHANGING ROUTINE BEHAVIOUR 24.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 25 Environmental Psychology in Latin America 25.1 INTRODUCTION 25.2 LATIN AMERICAN BACKGROUND 25.3 PAST REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA 25.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA 25.5 KEY ISSUES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH IN LATIN AMERICA 25.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS Part III: Encouraging ProEnvironmental Behaviour 26 Informational Strategies to Promote ProEnvironmental Behaviour 26.1 INTRODUCTION 26.2 INTERVENTIONS: FROM RESEARCH TO IMPLEMENTATION 26.3 INFORMATIONAL STRATEGIES 26.4 INTERVENTION RESEARCH: SOME GENERAL ISSUES 26.5 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 27 Encouraging ProEnvironmental Behaviour with Rewards and Penalties 27.1 INTRODUCTION 27.2 ANALYSIS OF CONSEQUENCES 27.3 NATURAL VERSUS EXTRA CONSEQUENCES 27.4 WHEN IS IT APPROPRIATE TO APPLY EXTRA CONSEQUENCES? 27.5 HOW SHOULD EXTRA CONSEQUENCES BE ANNOUNCED AND DELIVERED? 27.6 SUMMARY GLOSSARY SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS 28 Persuasive Technology to Promote ProEnvironmental Behaviour 28.1 INTRODUCTION 28.2 TECHNOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 28.3 PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY 28.4 APPROACHES TO APPLYING PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY 28.5 SOCIAL INFLUENCE THROUGH SMART SYSTEMS 28.6 PROVIDING PERSUASIVE EXPERIENCES 28.7 PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL TO PROMOTE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 28.8 SUMMARY GLOSSARY
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