Environmental Policy in the European Union: "Actors, Institutions and Processes" PDF
Preview Environmental Policy in the European Union: "Actors, Institutions and Processes"
ENV policy in EU.book Page i Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM Environmental Policy in the European Union SECOND EDITION ENV policy in EU.book Page ii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM To Bessie ENV policy in EU.book Page iii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM Environmental Policy in the European Union SECOND EDITION Edited by Andrew Jordan London • Sterling, VA ENV policy in EU.book Page iv Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM Second edition first published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2005 First edition 2002 Copyright © Andrew Jordan, 2005 All rights reserved ISBN: 1-84407-158-8 paperback 1-84407-157-X hardback Typesetting by Composition and Design Services, Belarus Printed and bound in the UK by Bath Press, Bath Cover design by Ruth Bateson For a full list of publications please contact: Earthscan 8–12 Camden High Street London, NW1 0JH, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7387 8558 Fax: +44 (0)20 7387 8998 Email: [email protected] Web: www.earthscan.co.uk 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA Earthscan is an imprint of James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd and publishes in association with the International Institute for Environment and Development A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for. Printed on elemental chlorine-free paper ENV policy in EU.book Page v Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Contributors viii List of Sources x List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xii Preface xv Foreword by Catherine Day, Director-General, DG Environment, European Commission xvii 1 Introduction: European Union Environmental Policy – Actors, Institutions and Policy Processes Andrew Jordan 1 Part 1 The Historical and Institutional Context 2 The European Community’s Environmental Policy, 1957 to ‘1992’: From Incidental Measures to an International Regime? Philipp M. Hildebrand 19 3 European Union Environmental Policy after the Nice Summit Andrew Jordan and Jenny Fairbrass 42 Part 2 Actors 4 Strategies of the ‘Green’ Member States in EU Environmental Policy-making Duncan Liefferink and Mikael Skou Andersen 49 5 The Role of the European Court of Justice Ida J. Koppen 67 6 The European Parliament: The European Union’s Environmental Champion? Charlotte Burns 87 7 Environmental Groups and the EC: Challenges and Opportunities Sonia Mazey and Jeremy Richardson 106 Part 3 Policy Dynamics 8 Environmental Rules and Rule-making in the European Union Albert Weale 125 ENV policy in EU.book Page vi Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM vi Environmental Policy in the European Union 9 Task Expansion: A Theoretical Overview Anthony R. Zito 141 10 Pace-setting, Foot-dragging and Fence-sitting: Member State Responses to Europeanization Tanja A. Börzel 162 Part 4 Making EU Environmental Policy 11 Regulating Biotechnology: Comparing EU and US Approaches Lee Ann Patterson and Tim Josling 183 12 Institution-building from Below and Above: The European Community in Global Environmental Politics Alberta M. Sbragia 201 13 The Hare and the Tortoise Revisited: The New Politics of Consumer and Environmental Regulation in Europe David Vogel 225 14 Emissions Trading at Kyoto: From EU Resistance to Union Innovation Chad Damro and Pilar Luaces Méndez 253 Part 5 Future Challenges 15 EU Environmental Policy and the Challenges of Eastern Enlargement Stacy D. VanDeveer and Jo Ann Carmin 279 16 New Regulatory Approaches in ‘Greening’ EU Policies Andrea Lenschow 295 17 European Governance and the Transfer of ‘New’ Environmental Policy Instruments (NEPIs) in the European Union Andrew Jordan, Rüdiger Wurzel, Anthony R. Zito and Lars Brückner 317 18 European Environmental Policy by Stealth: The Dysfunctionality of Functionalism? Albert Weale 336 Further Reading 355 Index 359 ENV policy in EU.book Page vii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM List of Illustrations Figures 2.1 Factors that Shaped EC Environmental Policy Post-1985 32 10.1 Member State Performance in Downloading EU Environmental Policies 169 Tables 4.1 Strategies of Influencing EU Environmental Policy 51 5.1 Plaintiffs and Defendants before the European Court of Justice 69 6.1 Political Groups in the European Parliament 88 6.2 The Co-decision Procedure since 1999 95 9.1 The Expansion of European Union Environment Policy 142 11.1 Alternative Models of Biotechnology Regulation 185 11.2 Relationships between Attributes and Label Claims 196 14.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the EU (CO , CH , N O) 262 2 4 2 14.2 Primary Common and Co-ordinated Policies and Measures 263 16.1 EPI at the Summits 304 17.1 Theorizing the Transfer of Instruments and Policies within the EU 321 ENV policy in EU.book Page viii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM List of Contributors Tanja Börzel is Professor of Political Science, Institute of Political Science, Univer- sity of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Email: [email protected] Lars Brückner works as an environmental affairs adviser for a global ICT (infor- mation and communication technology) company in Brussels, Belgium. Email: [email protected] Charlotte Burns is Lecturer in European Politics, Department of International Pol- itics, University of Wales at Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK. Email: [email protected] Jo Ann Carmin is Assistant Professor of Environmental Policy and Planning, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Email: [email protected] Chad Damro is Lecturer in Politics, School of Social and Political Studies, Univer- sity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Email: [email protected] Jenny Fairbrass is Lecturer in Business Strategy, School of Management, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Email: [email protected] Philipp Hildebrand works at the World Economic Forum in Geneva, Switzerland. Andrew Jordan is Reader in Environmental Politics and Philip Leverhulme Prize Fellow, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. Email: [email protected] Tim Josling is Professor Emeritus and Senior Fellow, Stanford Institute for Inter- national Studies (SIIS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA, and a con- sultant at Agricola Trade. Email: [email protected] Ida Koppen teaches at the University of Siena and the Johns Hopkins University Bologna Centre. She is also Director of the Sustainability Challenge Founda- tion. Email: [email protected] Andrea Lenschow is Junior Professor in Political Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany. Email: [email protected] Duncan Liefferink is Senior Researcher, Department of Political Sciences of the Environment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] Pilar Luaces Méndez is a PhD candidate, Department of Political Science, Univer- sity of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain. Email: [email protected] ENV policy in EU.book Page ix Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM List of Contributors ix Sonia Mazey is Senior Tutor, Keble College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Email: [email protected]/ac.uk Lee Ann Patterson is Research Associate, Center for West European Studies, Uni- versity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and a consultant at Agricola Trade. Email: [email protected] Jeremy Richardson is Emeritus Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Email: [email protected] Alberta Sbragia is Director, Centre for West European Studies, University of Pitts- burgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Email: [email protected] Mikael Skou Andersen works in the Department of Policy Analysis, Danish National Environmental Research Institute, Rosskilde, Denmark. Email: [email protected] Stacy D. VanDeveer is the 2003–2006 Ronald H. O’Neal Associate Professor, Political Science Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA. Email: [email protected] David Vogel is George Quist Professor of Business Ethics, Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA. Email: [email protected]. Albert Weale is Professor of Government, Department of Government, University of Essex, Colchester, UK. Email: [email protected] Rüdiger Wurzel is Senior Lecturer in Politics, Department of Politics and Interna- tional Studies, University of Hull, Hull, UK. Email: [email protected] Anthony Zito is Reader in Politics, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Email: [email protected]
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