Environmental Management in Design - RAND Corporation

176 Pages·2012·0.39 MB·English

Environmental
Management
in Design
Lessons from Volvo and
Hewlett-Packard for the
Department of Defense
Susan Resetar
Frank Camm
Jeffrey Drezner
Prepared for the
Office of the Secretary of Defense
National Defense Research Institute
R
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
The research described in this report was sponsored by the Office of
the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The research was conducted in
RAND’s National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded
research and development center supported by the OSD, the Joint
Staff, the unified commands, and the defense agencies, Contract
DASW01-95-C-0059.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Resetar, Susan A. , 1961– .
Environmental management in design : designs from Volvo and Hewlett-
Packard for the Department of Defense / Susan Resetar, Frank Camm,
Jeffrey Drezner.
p. cm.
“Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense by RAND’s
National Defense Research Institute.”
“MR-1009-OSD.”
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8330-2660-7
1. United States—Armed Forces—Weapons systems—Design and
construction—Environmental aspects. 2. United States. Dept. of
Defense—Procurement—Environmental aspects. 3. Defense contracts—
United States—Environmental aspects. 4. Environmental management—
Case studies. 5. Volvo, Aktienbolaget—Management—Environmental
aspects. I. Camm, Frank A., 1949- . II. Drezner, Jeffrey A.
III. RAND Corporation. IV. United States. Dept. of Defense. Office of
the Secretary of Defense. V. National Defense Research Institute (U.S.).
VI. Title.
UF503.R47 1998
355' .07—dc21 98-43376
CIP
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PREFACE
Weapon systems are major drivers of the Department of Defense’s
environmentally related activities. Consideration of these effects
during early design offers a potentially significant payoff to military
capability and overall environmental management activities. This
report integrates information from case studies of Volvo and
Hewlett-Packard with academic, policy, and trade literature to draw
out lessons learned on best-in-class management processes that
incorporate environmental concerns into new product design. It is
intended for use by the Department of Defense to improve its envi-
ronmental management practices during weapon system acqui-
sition.
This activity is part of a larger study that examined four areas of
importance to DoD: designing weapon systems to have improved
military capability and cost-effective environmental performance;
managing the industrial processes in central logistics activities; bal-
ancing environmental, military, and cost considerations in managing
an installation; and managing remediation projects. Lessons from
private industry leaders in these areas were examined for the
Department of Defense.
This report may be of interest to defense acquisition managers,
weapon system designers, as well as to product managers, design
engineers, and environmental policymakers in both the public and
private sectors.
The Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for
Environmental Security sponsored this research. It was performed in
the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of RAND’s National
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iv Environmental Management in Design
Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and devel-
opment center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense,
the Joint Staff, the unified commands, and the defense agencies.
CONTENTS
Preface .......................................... iii
Figures .......................................... vii
Tables........................................... ix
Summary ........................................ xi
Acknowledgments.................................. xxiii
Abbreviations ..................................... xxv
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION ............................... 1
Background ................................... 1
Analytic Approach ............................... 2
Report Roadmap ................................ 5
Chapter Two
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN WEAPON SYSTEMS
ACQUISITION.................................. 7
Design Implementation Must Consider Weapon Systems
Diversity and Acquisition Reform Objectives ........ 9
Chapter Three
WHAT IS DESIGN-FOR-ENVIRONMENT? .............. 13
Why Design? ................................... 13
Definition of Design-for-Environment ................ 16
Design-for-Environment Implementation.............. 18
Elements of Implementation...................... 19
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vi Environmental Management in Design
Chapter Four
NO SILVER BULLETS: ELEMENTS OF A
COMPREHENSIVE PROCESS ....................... 21
Overarching Themes ............................. 21
Design-for-Environment Relies on the Individual
Decisionmaker ............................. 21
Design-for-Environment Should Fit Within Existing
Processes.................................. 22
The Design-for-Environment Processes Will Reflect
Corporate Culture ........................... 23
Introducing Design-for-Environment Is Much Like a
Typical Change Process ....................... 23
Vision and Strategy Focus Attention and Aid
Decisionmaking............................. 24
Organizational Aspects Are the Most Critical to Design-for-
Environment Implementation................... 28
Management Metrics and Goals ..................... 33
Metrics Reflect Corporate Strategy, Regulatory Issues,
and Market Values ........................... 33
Goals Are Determined by the Responsible Parties ....... 35
Progress Toward Goals Is Tracked .................. 38
Suppliers Are Part of the Value Chain ................. 41
Training and Analytic Tools ........................ 44
Training .................................... 45
Analytic Tools ................................ 47
Engineering and Design Tools..................... 48
Accounting Techniques ......................... 53
Systems Engineering and Program Planning........... 53
Tool Development and Deployment ................ 53
Chapter Five
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS........... 57
Appendix
A. VOLVO CASE STUDY: DRIVING TOWARD GREEN ..... 63
B. HEWLETT-PACKARD CASE STUDY: PRODUCT
STEWARDSHIP: GREEN COMPUTES ................. 121
Bibliography ...................................... 143
FIGURES
A.1 Volvo Environmental Organizational Structure ..... 75
A.2 Building Blocks of an Environmental Program ...... 87
A.3 Template for Advanced Engineering Planning ...... 93
B.1 Fountainhead Database Structure ............... 133
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TABLES
1.1 Illustrative Weapon System Characteristics ........ 11
4.1 Sample Management Metrics .................. 34
A.1 Volvo Car Corporation Goal Set ................. 91
A.2 Goals of the Volvo “Environment 95” Program ...... 118
B.1 HP Corporate Product Stewardship Time Lines ..... 123
B.2 HP Corporate Stewardship Metrics .............. 136
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