ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE Anjuman-I-Islam's

130 Pages·2015·8.21 MB·English

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
By
Arote Swapnil Sitaram (12CE90)
Atkari Ketan Shravan (12CE93)
Chalke Saurabh Suryakant (12CE97)
Kale Aniket Arun (12CE98)
Under Guidance of
Prof. Dhaval S. Shah

Department of Civil Engineering
School of Engineering and Technology
Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar Technical Campus
Plot No. 2 3, Sector – 16, Near Thana Naka, Khanda Gaon,
New Panvel, Navi Mumbai. 41026
2014-2015
Department of Civil Engineering,
School of Engineering and Technology
Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar Technical Campus
Plot No. 2 3, Sector – 16, Near Thana Naka, Khanda Gaon,
New Panvel, Navi Mumbai. 41026
2014-2015

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “Environmental Impact Analysis of
Pharmaceutical Waste” is a bonafide work of Arote Swapnil Sitaram (12CE90), Atkari
Ketan Shravan (12CE93), Chalke Saurabh Suryakant (12CE97), Kale Aniket Arun
(12CE98) submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of “Bachelor of Engineering” in Department of Civil
Engineering.

Prof. Dhaval S. Shah
Guide

Dr. Rajendra B. Magar Dr. Abdul Razzak Honnutagi

Head of Department Director
Project Report Approval for B. E.
This project report entitled “Environmental Impact Analysis of Pharmaceutical
Waste” by Arote Swapnil Sitaram , Atkari Ketan Shravan, Chalke Saurabh
Suryakant, Kale Aniket Arun is approved for the degree of “Bachelor of Engineering”
in “Department of Civil Engineering”.

Examiners
1_____________________
2_____________________
Supervisors
1_____________________
2_____________________
Chairman (Director)
_______________________

Date:
Declaration

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and where
others ideas or words have been included, We have adequately cited and referenced the
original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all principles of academic
honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any
idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We understand that any violation of the above will
be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the
sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not
been taken when needed.

Arote Swapnil Sitaram 12CE90
Atkari Ketan Shravan 12CE93
Chalke Saurabh Suryakant 12CE97
Kale Aniket Arun 12CE98
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to this great institution
AJUMAN-I-ISLAM’S KALSEKAR TECHNICAL CAMPUS SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, Panvel that has provided and opportunity
in filling the most cherished desire of reaching our goal.
We from the every core of our hearts thank to Prof. DHAVAL S.SHAH
Department of civil Engineering. Who offered much valuable criticism, painful
efforts constant encouragement and remained a pillar of inspiration and true guide
thought to get this dissertation complete in time.
We extended our sincere thanks to Dr.Rajendra Magar, Head of Civil
Engineering Department, AIKTC PANVEL who helped directly or indirectly
during the dissertation work.
We extend our sincere thanks to Mr. Stifan Sir , plant manager LESANTO
LABORATORIS . We are thankful to, Mr. Dewanshu Rai , H.R manager
ALKEM LABORATORIS & also very thankful to Mr.Kiran B.Chandgude,
Chief manager NAVJEEVAN SYNTHATICS.
Last but not least We are extremely grateful to non teaching staff, Mr.Hasim Sir
& Mr.Sarfaraz Sir for their helping hands and encouragement towards
completion of our project.
ABSTRACT

Pharmaceutical industry is one of the major industries causing water pollution. In India, It
generates about Million litres of waste water processed depending upon the process employed
and product manufactured. Considering the increased demand for Drugs, the Drug based
industries in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related
environmental problems are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated waste water
with high levels of pollutants caused by poor design, operation or treatment systems creates
major environmental problems when discharged to surface water or land. Considering the
above stated implications an attempt has been made in the present project to evaluate one of
the WWTP for Drug industry. Samples were collected from six points; Raw effluent [P-1],
Oil and grease trap [P-2], Equalization tank [P-3], Aeration tank 1 [P-4], Aeration tank 2 [P-5]
and Secondary clarifier [P-6] to evaluate the performance of WWTP. Parameters analyzed for
evaluation of performance of WWTP are COD, BOD5 at 20° C, TSS, TDS, oil and grease,
Chloride and Alkalinity. Parameters like pH and oil & grease were used to access the
suitability of secondary effluent for reuse in gardening or some other purposes. The COD,
BOD5 at 20° C and TSS removal efficiency of WWTP were reduced upto very great extent
hence it is suitable to dispose it off into water bodies.

V
CONTENTS
Page No.

Certificate I
Project Report Approval II
Declaration III
Acknowledgement IV
Abstract V
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII
List of Photos VIII
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 1-9
1.1 What is Pharmacy 1
1.2 Pharmaceutical industry 2
1.3 Indian Pharmaceutical industry. 2
1.4 Effect of pharmaceutical industries on environment 3
1.5 Effect of pharmaceutical compounds on aquatic and terrestrial organisms 6
1.6 Approaches to reduce amounts of pharmaceuticals released to the environment 7
1.7 Aim 9
1.8 Objective 9
CHAPTER 2-REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10-40
2.1 Managing pharmaceutical waste 10
2.2 How do we generate pharmaceutical waste 11
2.3 Waste generation status 12
2.4 Defining hazardous pharmaceutical waste 12
2.4.1 Characteristics of hazardous waste 13
2.5 Treatment of pharmaceutical waste with special emphasis to treatment processes 16
2.6 Removal methods and their efficiency 17
2.7 Physio-chemical treatment options 19
2.7.1 Membrane processes 19
2.7.2 Activated carbon(AC) 20
2.7.3 Chlorination 21
2.7.4 Ozonation 22
2.7.5 Perozonation 22
2.7.6 Fenton reactions 23
2.7.7 Direct photolysis 24
2.7.8 TiO2 photocatalysis 25
2.8 Photocatalytic reactors and reaction kinetics 26
2.9 Electro-chemical treatment options 28
2.10Assessing the exposure risk and impacts of pharmaceuticals in the
Environment 28
2.10.1 17a-ethinyloestradiol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 30
2.10.2 Exposure pathway for wildlife 30
2.10.3 Uptake and fate of pharmaceutical in food webs 31
2.10.4 Effect of pharmaceutical on wildlife 32
2.11 Wastewater management 32
2.12 Air pollutants 36
2.13 Solid waste management in bulk drug industry 37
2.14 Environmental management and self-evaluation 38
2.15 Charter on corporate responsibility for environmental protection for pharmaceutical
sector 38
2.15.1 Segregation of waste streams 38
2.15.2 Detoxification and treatment of high COD waste streams 38
2.15.3 Management of solid waste 38
2.15.4 Minimum scale of production to afford cost of pollution
Control 39
2.15.5 Long term strategies for industrial waste 39
2.15.6 Control of air pollution 39
2.15.7 Self-regulation by Industry through regular monitoring and environmental
auditing 39
2.15.8 Organizational restructuring and accreditation of environmental manager of
industry 39
2.15.9 Optimizing the inventory of hazardous chemicals 40
2.16 Awareness of the factory regarding conservation of water 40

CHAPTER 3 – CASE STUDY OF LESANTO LABORATORIES 42-44
3.1 Manufacturing overview 42
3.2 Infrastructure 42
3.3 Annual production capacity 43
3.4 Procedure for operation and maintenance of ETP 43
3.4.1 Procedure for D.M. plant regeneration 44

CHAPTER 4- COMPARITIVE STUDY 51-68
4.1 Alkem laboratory 51
4.1.1 Alkem laboratory (about company) 51
4.1.2 Purpose 51
4.1.3 Normal operation 52
4.1.4 Screen chamber and oil& grease removal 54
4.1.5 Equilisation/Neutralisation 57
4.1.6 Flash mixer 59
4.1.7 Solid liquid separation 59
4.1.8 Transfer of sludge to drying bed 60
4.1.9 Secondary treatment 61
4.1.10 Tertiary treatment 63
4.1.11 Sludge drying beds 63
4.1.12 Solution preparation and dosing 63
4.1.12.1 Alum dosing at flash mixers 64
4.1.12.2 PolyElectrolyt dosing at flash mixer 64
4.2 Navjeevan synthetics 67
4.2.1 Products 67
4.2.2 Operations 67
4.2.3 Turnover bracket 67
4.2.4 Company contact details 67
4.2.5 Description 68
4.2.6 Objective 68
4.2.7 Treatment units 68

CHAPTER 5 –MATERIALS AND METHODS 74-85
5.1 Effluent treatment processes in hetero drugs 74
5.2 Monitoring WWTP and its performance 74
5.2.1 Evaluation 74
5.2.2 Sampling procedure 74
5.2.3 Sampling schedule and frequency 75
5.2.4 Instruments used for measurement of different parameters 75
5.2.5 COD Analysis 76
5.2.6 Determination of dissolved oxygen 78
5.2.7 BOD analysis 79
5.2.8 Total suspended solids and MLSS 83
5.2.9 Determination of MLSS and MLVSS 83
5.2.10 Determination of oil and grease 84