Environmental History and Palaeolimnology: Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on Palaeolimnology, held in Cumbria, U.K. PDF
Preview Environmental History and Palaeolimnology: Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on Palaeolimnology, held in Cumbria, U.K.
Environmental History and Palaeolimnology Developments in Hydrobiology 67 Series editor H. J. Dumont Environmental History and Palaeolimnology Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on Palaeolimnology, held in Cumbria, U.K. Edited by J. P. Smith, P. G. Appleby, R. W. Battarbee, J. A. Dearing, R. Flower, E. Y. Haworth, F. Oldfield & P. E. O'Sullivan Reprinted from Hvdrobiologia, val. 214 (1991) .. Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. ISBN 978-94-010-5593-2 ISBN 978-94-011-3592-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3592-4 Printed on acid1"ree paper All Rights Reserved © 1991 Springer Science+Business Media DOIdrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1991 No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced OI utilized in any form OI by any means, electronic OI mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owners. Dedicated to the memory of Edward Smith Deevey 1914-1988 vii Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Obituary: Edward Smith Deevey (1914-1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Palaeolimnology in the English Lakes - some questions and answers over fifty years by W. Pennington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Accuracy and precision in sediment chronology by I. U. Olsson ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25 Am dating of lake sediments 241 by P. G. Appleby, N. Richardson & P. J. Nolan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Accuracies in Po-21O determination for lead-21O dating by F. EI-Daoushy, K. Olsson & R. Garcia-Tenorio ................................ 43 How long was the Younger Dryas? Preliminary evidence from annually laminated sediments of Soppensee (Switzerland) by A. F. Lotter ............................................................... 53 Absolute dating of late Quaternary Lacustrine sediments by high resolution varve chronology by B. Zolitschka .............................................................. 59 The record of deposition of radionuclides in the sediments of Ponsonby Tarn, Cumbria by P. J. P. Bonnett & R. S. Cambray ............................................ 63 Deposition and transport of radionuclides within an upland drainage basin in mid-Wales by P. J. P. Bonnett & P. G. Appleby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Progress in understanding the chemical stratigraphy of metals in lake sediments in relation to acidic precipitation by S. A. Norton & J. S. Kahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Spheroidal carbonaceous particles as a marker for recent sediment distribution by M. Wik & I. Renberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Magnetic spherules in recent lake sediments by D. McLean ............................................................... 91 Lake sediment records of erosional processes by J. A. Dearing .............................................................. 99 A multidisciplinary study of the lake Bjaresjosjon (S Sweden): land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations during the last 3000 years by M.-J. Gaillard, J. A. Dearing, F. EI-Daoushy, M. Enell & H. Hakansson. . . . . . . . . .. 107 Paleolimnology of Slapton Ley, Devon, UK by P. E. O'Sullivan, A. L. Heathwaite, P. G. Appleby, D. Brookfield, M. W. Crick, e. Moscrop, T. B. Mulder, N. J. Vernon & J. M. Wilmshurst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 115 Sequential inorganic chemical analysis of a core from Slapton Ley, Devon, UK by A. L. Heathwaite & P. E. O'Sullivan .......................................... 125 Sediment characteristics in relation to cultivation history in two varved lake sediments from East Finland by E. Gronlund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 viii The influence of land use on the sedimentation of the river delta in the Kyranjoki drainage basin by R. Heikkila. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 143 Heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in recent sediments of Llangorse Lake, Wales: non-ferrous smelting, Napoleon and the price of wheat - a palaeoecological study by R. Jones, F. M. Chambers & K. Benson-Evans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149 A comparative study of heavy metal contamination and pollution in four Reservoirs in the English Midlands, UK by I. D. L. Foster, S. M. Charlesworth & D. H. Keen .............................. 155 Sedimentary diatom concentrations and accumulation rates as predictors of lake trophic state by T. J. Whitmore ............................................................ 163 The sediment column as a record of trophic status: examples from Bosherston Lakes, SW Wales by A. W. G. Rees, G. C. F. Hinton, F. G. Johnson & P. E. O'Sullivan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 171 Recent changes to upland tarns in the English Lake District by E. Y. Haworth & J. P. Lishman .............................................. 181 Palaeolimnological study of an environmental monitoring area, or, Are there pristine lakes in Finland? by H. Simola, P, Huttunen, J. Rankka & P. Uimonen-Simola ....................... 187 The eutrophication history of Lake Sarkinen, Finland and the effects of lake aeration by O. Sandman, K. Eskonen & A. Liehu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Are we building enough bridges between paleolimnology and aquatic ecology? by J. P. Smol ................................................................. 201 Weichselian chironomid and cladoceran assemblages from maar lakes by W. Hofmann .............................................................. 207 Stratigraphy of the fossil Chironomidae (Diptera) from Lake Grasmere, South Island, New Zealand, during the last 6000 years by B. Schakau ............................................................... 213 Modern assemblages of arctic and alpine Chironomidae as analogues for late-glacial communities by I. R. Walker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223 Paleolimnology of Neusiedlersee, Austria: the succession of ostracods by H. Lamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229 Palaeolimnology of N eusiedlersee - II: the distribution of nutrients and trace metals by A. Gunatilaka ............................................................. 239 Paleolimnological investigation of three manipulated lakes from Sudbury, Canada by S. S. Dixit, A. S. Dixit & J. P. Smol .......................................... 245 Dominant diatoms in the interglacial lake sediments of the Middle Pleistocene in Central and Eastern Poland by B. Marciniak .............................................................. 253 Fossil diatom inferred reconstruction of the pH history of two acidic, clear water lakes from insular Newfoundland, Canada by D. A. Scruton, J. K. Elner & S. N. Ray ....................................... 259 Taphonomy and diagenesis in diatom assemblages; a Late Pleistocene palaeoecological study from Lake Magadi, Kenya by P. Barker, F. Gasse, N. Roberts & M. Taieb ................................... 267 Palaeolimnological aspects of a Late-Glacial shallow lake in Sandy Flanders, Belgium by L. Denys, C. Verbruggen & P. Kiden .......................................... 273 Palaeolimnological studies of laminated sediments from the Shropshire-Cheshire meres by K. M. Farr, D. M. Jones, P. E. O'Sullivan, G. Eglinton, D. H. Tarling& R. E. M. Hedges 279 IX Paleolimnological studies using sequential lipid extraction from recent lacustrine sediment: recognition of source organisms from biomarkers by P. A. Cranwell ............................................................. 293 Vegetation change and pollen recruitment in a lowland lake catchment: Groby Pool, Leics (England) by C. David & N. Roberts ..................................................... 305 Seasonal changes in sedimenting material collected by high aspect ratio sediment traps operated in a holomictic eutrophic lake by R. J. Flower ............................................................... 311 Paleolimnology of a Polar Oasis, Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T., Canada by R. H. King ................................................................ 317 An environmental history of two freshwater lakes in the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica by D. S. Gillieson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327 Paleolimnology of Qilu Hu, Yunnan Province, China by M. Brenner, K. Dorsey, Song Xueliang, Wang Zuguan, Long Ruihua, M. W. Binford, T. J. Whitmore & A. M. Moore ................................................. 333 Sedimentary features and the evolution of lake Honghu, central China by Shuming Cai & Zhaolu Yi ................................................... 341 Palaeolakes of the south central Sahara - problems of palaeoclimatological interpretation by R. Baumhauer ............................................................. 347 Holocene environments in the central Sahara by E. Schulz ................................................................. 359 Chronology of the major palaeohydrological events in NW Africa during the late Quaternary: PALHYDAF results by J. Ch. Fontes & F. Gasse ................................................... 367 Paleolimnology, William Morris and The Magic Flute by P. E. O'Sullivan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 373 xi Preface The fifth International Symposium on Palaeolimnology was held at Ambleside in the English Lake District from August 31 to September 6, 1989. During the symposium 65 papers were presented at seven sessions and 52 posters displayed. Three late afternoon/evening special lectures were given, one of which was a memorial to the late Ed. Deevey, to whom this volume is dedicated. Associated with the symposium were five excursions to various parts of the UK and Ireland, and a visit to the laboratories of the Freshwater Biological Association and Institute of Freshwater Ecology. Conference participants were also invited to a buffet party and visit to the Lake District National Park Centre at Brockhole as the guests of the Park Authority. The local organising committee for the symposium also formed the editorial panel for this volume. They included: Peter Appleby, Rick Battarbee, John Dearing, Roger Flower, Elizabeth Haworth, Frank Oldfield, Paddy O'Sullivan and John Smith. Support for the conference is gratefully acknowledged from the following organisations; The Royal Society Department of the Environment US Army European Research Office Barclays Bank Central Electricity Generating Board Lake District Special Planning Board South Lakeland District Council Charlotte Mason College Molspin Limited The conference is also indebted to the many individuals who provided such effective help in the preparation and smooth running of the programme. J. P. SMITH May 1991 Hydrobiologia 214: 1-7, 1991. J. P. Smith, P. G. Appleby, R. W. Battarbee, J. A. Dearing, R. Flower, E. Y. Haworth, F. Oldfield & P. E. O'Sullivan (eds), Environmental History and Palaeolimnology. Edward Smith Deevey 1914-1988 I first heard of Ed Deevey in 1950, when I was a paleolimnology, climatic change, and the re beginning Ph.D. student at Yale. I came from a levance of past climate to the modern distribution three-person biology department whose minus of plants and animals. I was chagrined to find a cule library did not include the American Journal man I had never heard of, an American at that, of Science, in which Ed had published his most who'd had all the same ideas ten years before, important work. I had, however, been poking formulated them more clearly and carried out the around the lakes and bogs of Nova Scotia for five work with an ingenuity and completeness beyond years and was full of half-formed ideas about my aspirations. For a few weeks I was afraid to
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