Environmental Endocrinology: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Held in Montpellier (France), 11 – 15, July 1977

343 Pages·1978·12.355 MB·English

by  I. Assenmacher, D. S. Farner (auth.), Ivan Assenmacher MD, DSc, Donald S. Farner PhD, DSc (eds.)

Proceedings in Life Sciences
Environmental
Endocrinology
Proceedings of an International Symposium
Held in Montpellier (France), 11-15 July 1977
Edited by
I van Assenmacher
Donald S. Farner
With 97 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978
IVAN ASSENMACHER, MD, DSc
Professor of Physiology, University of Montpellier, France
DONALD S. FARNER, PhD, DSc
Professor of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66983-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66981-1
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-66981-1
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under title:
Environmental endocrinology. (proceedings in life sciences). "A satellite symposium
of the 27th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Paris, 18-23July
1977." Bibliography: p. Includes index. Y. Endocrinology-Congresses. 2.
Adaptation (physiology)--Congresses. 3. Biological rhythms-Congresses I.
Assenmacher, Ivan, 1927- II. Farner, Donald Sankey, 1915-
QP187.E696 591.1'42 78-18840
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1978
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2131/3130-S43210
Preface
From 11 to 15 July 1977 about 60 physiologists, endo
crinologists, ecologists and other biologists from 14
countries convened at the University Montpellier for
a symposium on Environmental Endocrinology. This meet
ing was organized as a Satellite Symposium of the 27th
International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Paris,
18-23 July 1977. This volume is a record of the com
munications presented at the symposium. The objectives
of the program were to examine the role of the endocrine
system in a wide spectrum of adjustments and adaptations
to changes in environmental conditions by various spe
cies of animals, including man, and to promote an ex
change of ideas among investigators who have approached
these functions from diverse aspects. The diversity of
the information and ideas communicated is great. Of
necessity, they represent only an extremely modest se
lection of the many facets of endocrine function in
the interaction of animals with their environments. Be
yond the usefulness of the communications individually,
we hope that they collectively demonstrate the substan
tial heuristic value of the concept of environmental
endocrinology as it was perceived by the participants.
We acknowledge gratefully the kindness and sympathy of
Professor Jaques ROUZAUD, President of the University
of Montpellier II, for his generous extension of the
hospitality of the University to the Symposium.
We are most grateful to Mrs. Monique VIEU who effected
so well the secretarial organization of the Sympos.ium,
and to the staff members and technicians of the Depart
ment of Physiology who handled the diverse technical
preparations so effectively.
We also acknowledge the support of the Division of
zoology of the International Union of Biological Sci
ences in the organization of the Symposium and in the
preparation of the proceedings.
Montpellier and Seattle IVAN ASSENMACHER
October 1977 DONALD S. FARNER
Contents
Introduction: What is Environmental Endocrinology?
I. ASSENMACHER and D.S. FARNER ..•.•••..•...••.•..
Introductory Lecture - Emotion and Stress. O.G.
EDHOLM ...•.....•.......•....•.•••.....•......••.. 3
Chapter I
Annual Endocrine Rhythms and Environment 9
1. Seasonal States and Endocrine Levels in Insects.
J. DE WILDE. With 2 Figures ..••..•........... 10
2. Annual Gonadal Cycles in Teleosts: Environ
mental Factors and Gonadotropin Levels in Blood.
R . E. PETER and A. HONTELA ...•......•.••.•.... 20
3. Environmental Regulation of Annual Reproductive
Cycles in the Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. B.I.
SUNDARARAJ ••...•...•.......•.....••....•..... 26
4. Environmental Control of Annual Ovarian Cycles
in the Toad Bufo bufo bufo L.: Role of Temper
ature. C.B. J¢RGENSEN, K.-E. HE DE , and L.O.
LARSEN. With 4 Figures ••....•.••.•.......•.•. 28
5. Reptilian Reproductive Cycles and Environmental
Regulators. B. LOFTS. With 1 Figure ...•..••.. 37
6. Environmental Endocrinology and the Control of
Annual Reproductive Cycles in Passerine Birds.
D.S. FARNER and J.C. WINGFIELD ••••..••..•.••. 44
7. Annual Endocrine Cycles and Environment in Birds
with Special Reference to Male Ducks. I. ASSEN
~~CHER and M. JALLAGEAS. With 1 Figure ..•.... 52
8. Regulation of Reproductive Cycles of Tropical
Spotted Munia and Weaverbird. A. CHANDOLA and
J.P. THAPLIYAL. With 2 Figures ••...•.••..•.•• 61
9. Breeding Cycles in Three Species of African
Ungulates. J.D. SKINNER. With 6 Figures 64
10. The Annual Cycle of Plasma Testosterone and
Territorial Behavior in the Roe Deer.
A. SEMPERE. With 1 Figure •••••••••••••••..••• 73
11. Annual Cyclic Variations in Prolactin in Sheep.
R. ORTAVANT, J. PELLETIE~, J.P. RAVAULT, and
J. THHI0NIER. Wi th 4 Figure s •..•.•......•.•.. 75
VIII
12. Seasonal Reproductive Activity of the Euro
pean Wild Boar. Comparison with the Domestic
Sow. R. MAUGET. Wi th 1 Figure ............... 79
13. Field Studies in Southern Tunisia on Water
Turnover and Thyroid Activity in Two Species
of Meriones. F. LACHlVER, T. CHENITI, D. BRAD
SHAW, J.L. BERTHIER, and F. PETTER. With 1
Figure ...................................... 81
14. Seasonal Changes of the Testicular and Thyroid
Functions in the Badger, Meles meles L.
D. MAUREL. With 1 Figure.................... 85
15. Day Length and the Annual Reproductive Cycle
in the Ferret (Mus tela luro): the Role of the
Pineal Body. J. HERBERT and M. KLINOWSKA •... 87
16. Photoperiodic Mechanism in Hamsters: The Par
ticipation of the Pineal Gland. K. HOFFMANN.
With 5 Figures ....................•.. ~...... 94
17. Seasonal Variations in the Endocrine System
of Hibernators. B.W. JOHANSSON .............. 103
18. Seasonal Changes and Environmental Control of
Tes ticular Function in the Hedgehog, Erinaoeus
europaeus L. Z,1. SABOUREAU and J. BOISSIN. With
1 Figure .................................... 111
19. Annual Endocrine Rhythms in Healthy Young
Adul t ~1en: Their Implication in Human Biology
and Medicine. A. REINBERG and M. LAGOGUEY.
With 1 Figure ...•...........•...•.....•.•... 113
Chapter II
Diurnal Endocrine Rhythms and Environment ....... 123
1. Endocrine Concomitants of the Sleep-Wake
Rhythm in Man. H.-J. QUABBE. With 1 Figure .. 124
2. Effect of Sex Hormones on the Circadian
Rhythm of Slow-Wave and Paradoxical Sleep
in Female Rats. M. KAWAK~I, S. YAMAOKA, and
M. MATSUSHlMA. With 3 Figures ............... 132
3. Role of Brain Monoamines in the Regulation
of the Circadian Variations of Activity of
some Neuroendocrine Axes. U. SCAPAGNINI,
I. GERENDAI, G. CLEMENTI, L. FIORE, B. MAR-
CHETTI, and A. PRATO. With 4 Figures ........ 137
4. Diurnal Rhythms and the Seasonal Reproductive
Cycle in Birds. F. TUREK. With 4 Figures .... 144
5. Central Neural Control of Endocrine Rhythms
in the Rat. S.P. KALRA and P.S. KALRA. With
7 Figures ..............•.................... 153
IX
6. Circadian Pattern of Secretion of Hormones by
the Anterior Pituitary Gland with Particular
Reference to the Involvement of Serotonin in
Their Rhythmic Regulation. C. KORDON, M. HERY,
F. GOGAN, and W.H. ROTSZTEJN. With 5 Figures 163
7. Circadian Rhythms within and outside Their
Ranges of Entrainment. J. ASCHOFF. With 8 Fig-
ures ......................................... 172
8. Effects of Ahemeral Environmental Periodicities
on the Rhythms of Adrenocortical and Locomotor
Functions in Rats and Japanese Quail. A. SZA
FARCZYK, J. BOISSIN, J. NOUGUIER-SOULE, and I.
ASSENt-IACHER. With 1 Figure ................... 182
9. Problems of Re-entrainment of Circadian Rhythms:
Asymmetry Effect, Dissociation and Partition.
J. ASCHOFF. With 9 Figures ................... 185
10. Rapid Re-entrainment of the Estrous Cycle of
Hamsters to Reversal of Scotophase and Photo
phase. C.S. CAMPBELL and J.S. FINKELSTEIN. With
2 Figures .................................... 196
11. Responses of the Diurnal Locomotor and Adreno
cortical Rhythms in Rats exposed to a Weekly 8-
Hour Phase Shift of the Zeitgeber. A. SZAFARCZYK,
J. NOUGUIER-SOULE, and I. ASSENMACHER. With 1
Figure ....................................... 200
Chapter III
Endocrine Functions in Osmoregulation ............ 203
1. Hormonal Control of Sodium Transport by the
Gills of Teleost Fish. D.H. EVANS. With 1 Fig-
ure .............................•............ 204
2. Environment and Osmoregulation among Lungfish
and Amphibians. W.H. SAWYER, P.K.T. PANG, and
S . M. GALLI -GALLARDO .............•...•........ 210
3. Osmoregulation and Hormones in Reptiles. E.
SKADHAUGE .................................... 21 7
4. Hormonal Regulation of Salt and Water Balance
in Granivorous Birds. E. SKADHAUGE. With 2 Fig-
ures ......................•.................. 222
5. Endocrine Responses in Osmoregulation: Hor
monal Adaptation in Aquatic Birds. W.N. HOLMES,
Wi th 6 Figures ............................... 230
6. Hormones and Mammalian Osmoregulation. W.V.
I·IACFARLANE. Wi th 1 Figure .................... 240
Chapter IV
Endocrine Responses to Stress .................... 252
x
1. Feedback and Facilitation in the Adrenocortical
System and the Endocrine Responses to Repeated
Stimuli. M.F. DAL~~N and CH. W. WILKINSON.
Wi th 2 Figures ............................•.. 252
2. Is Posterior-Hypophysial Corticotropin Involved
in Neurogenic Stress? C. MIALHE, B. BRIAUD, and
B. KOCH ...........•....•............•........ 260
3. Endocrine Responses to Acoustic Stresses. B.
1-iETZ, G. BRANDENBERGER, and M. FOLLENIUS. With
2 Figures .....................•.............. 262
4. Concentrations of Certain Hormones in the Blood
of Human Males Subjected to Steady-State Noise.
A. FAVINO .................•.................. 270
Chapter V
Endocrine Responses to Hyperbaria and Hypobaria . 275
1. Endocrine Responses to Elevated Ambient Pres-
sure. A.C. WEIHL. with 1 Figure .............. 276
2. High Altitude Hypoxia and Adrenal Development
in the Rat: Enzymes for Biogenic Amines. A.
VACCARI, J. CIMINO, S. BROTMAN, and P.S.
THURAS. With 3 Figures ...................... 283
3. Endocrine Responses to Chronic High Altitude
Exposure. M.L. NELSON ........................ 290
Chapter VI
Endocrine Responses to Ambient Temperature ...... 293
1. The Endocrine Component of Human Adaptation to
Cold and Heat. K.J. COLLINS. With 2 Figures 294
2. Human Growth Hormone Secretion in Responses
to Cold and Heat. Y. OKADA and Y. KUMAHARA.
Wi th 2 Figures ............................... 302
Chapter VII
Endocrine Responses to Malnutrition ............. 305
1. Neuroendocrine Aspects of Reproduction in Ex
perimental Malnutrition. H.H. SREBNIK, W.H.
FLETCHER, and G.A. CAHPBELL .................. 306
2. Endocrine Responses to Malnutrition in Animals
wi th Special Reference to Hetabolic Hormones.
J. LEA THEM ................................... 3 1 3
3. Endocrine Responses to Malnutrition in Man.
K.S. JAYA RAO. With 4 Figures ................ 321
Subject Index
List of Participants and Contributors
ASCHOFF, J., Max Planck Institut fur Verhaltensphysio
logie, 8131 Erling Andechs / Fed. Rep. Germany
ASSENMACHER, I., Dept. Physiology, Univ. of Montpellier
II, 34060 Montpellier /France
BERTHIER, J.L., Dept. Zoology, Museum National d'Histo
ire Naturelle, 75005 Paris / France
BOISSIN, J., Centre d'Etudes Biologiques des Animaux
Sauvages, CNRS, Chize, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort /
France
BRADSHAW, D., Dept. Zoology, Univ. of Western-Australia,
Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 / Australia
BRANDENBERGER, G., Centre d'Etudes Bioclimatiques,
CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg / France
BRIAUD, B., Dept. Physiology, Fac. of Sciences, Univ.
of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg / France
BROTMAN, J., Dept. Physiology-Anatomy, Univ. of Cali
fornia, Berkeley, California 94720 / USA
CAMPBELL, C.S., Dept. Biological Sciences, Northwestern
Univ., Evanston, Illinois 60201 / USA
CAMPBELL, G.A., Dept. Physiology, Neuroendocrine Res.
Lab., I-Uchigan State Uni v., East-Lansing, Michigan
48824 / USA
CHANDOLA, A., Dept. Zoology, Banaras Hindu Univ.,
Varanasi 221005 / India
CHENITI, T., Dept. Animal Physiology, Fac. of Sciences,
Univ. of Tunis, Tunis / Tunisia
CIMINO, J., Dept. Physiology-Anatomy, Univ. of Califor
nia, Berkeley, California 94720 / USA
CLEMENTI, G., Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. of Catania,
Medical School, 95125 Catania / Italy
COLLINS, K.J., MRC Environmental Physiology Unit, London
School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT /
United Kingdom
DALLMAN, M.F., Dept. Physiology, School of Medicine,
Univ. of California, San Francisco, California 94143 /
USA
XII
DE WILDE, J., Dept. Entomology, Agricultural Univ.,
6700 EH-Wageningen / The Netherlands
EDHOLM, O.G., Chairman Commission Environmental Phys
iology IUPS, School of Environmental Studies, Wates
House, Univ. College of London WC1H OQB / United
Kingdom
EVANS, D.H., Dept. Biology, Univ. of Miami, Coral
Gables, Florida 33124 / USA
FARNER, D.S., Dept. Zoology, Univ. of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195 / USA
FAVINO, A., Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Univ. of
Pavia, 27100 Pavia / Italy
FINKELSTEIN, J.S., Dept. Biological Sciences, North
western Univ., Evanston, Illinois 60201 / USA
FIORE, L., Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. of Catania,
Medical School, 95125 Catania / Italy
FLETCHER, W.H., Dept. Anauomy, Duke Univ. Medical Cen
ter, Durham, North Carolina 27710 / USA
FOLLENIUS, M., Centre d'Etudes Bioclimatiques, CNRS,
67087 Strasbourg / France
GALLI-GALLARDO, S.M., Dept. Pharmacology, Columbia
Univ. College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,
N. Y. 10032 / USA
GERENDAI, I., Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. of Catania,
Medical School, 95125 Catania / Italy
GOGAN, F., Unite de Neurobiologie, U 109, Centre Paul
Broca INSERr1, 75014 Paris / France
HEDE, K.E., Zoolophysiological Lab. A, August Krogh
Institute, Univ. of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen /
Denmark
HERBERT, J., Dept. Anatomy, Univ. of Cambridge, Cam
bridge, CB2 3DY / United Kingdom
HERY, M., Unite de Neurobiologie, U 109, Centre Paul
Broca, INSERM, 75014 Paris / France
HOFFMANN, K., ~lax Planck Institut fur Verhaltensphysio
logie, 8131 Erling Andechs / Fed. Rep. Germany
HOLMES, W.N., Dept. Zoology, Univ. of California,
Santa-Barbara, California 93106 / USA
HONTELA, A., Dept. Zoology, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton
T6G 2E9 / Canada
JALLAGEAS, M., Dept. Physiology, Univ. of Montpellier
II, 34060 Montpellier / France